dff final

____________ is so deep that it would have remained full of water—and thus would have been a barrier to the movement of terrestrial animals, including birds—even during the glaciations of the Pleistocene era.

Wallace's Line

Hadley Cell

a system of vertical and horizontal air circulation predominating in tropical and subtropical regions and creating major weather patterns.

At the greatest depths, below the level of light penetration, the _____________ supports a fauna largely dependent on detritus that sinks down from pelagic regions.

abyssal zone

A number of plant and animal species exist in a woodland ecosystem. They live in, on, and among each other, feed on each other, and otherwise interact constantly. They are subject to changes in climate, soil, and water, and other nonliving factors. This is an example of an ecological system, because its interactions are occurring

among species and between species and abiotic factors.

No photosynthetic organisms inhabit the _____________, below the reach of light, which as a consequence is sparsely populated.

aphotic zone

A single continent contains boreal forest, temperate seasonal forest, temperate rainforest, grassland, desert, and alpine environments. This continent could best be described as a(n)

biogeographic region

Concordant boundaries in the geographic distributions of species led to the concept of _____________—continental-scale areas, often containing multiple biomes, that contain distinctive assemblages of phylogenetically related species.

biogeographic regions

Wallace's observations of animal distributions worldwide led him to divide Earth's land masses into six continental-scale areas called _____________.

biogeographic regions

_____________ is a central attribute of a terrestrial ecosystem—the average weather it experiences over a yearly cycle.

climate

The populations of different species that occur together in a location and interact with one another form a(n) _____________.

community

The terms Palearctic, Oriental, Neotropical, and Nearctic refer to

current biogeographic regions.

The difference in the incident angle of the sun results in ____________.

more solar energy input at low latitudes than at high latitudes

(b - d) or r is the equation for the _____________.

per capita growth rate

Organisms are the DIRECT CHILD of _______________ in the hierarchy of ecological systems.

populations

When a land bridge formed between ______________ regions, many North American species displaced South American lineages and drove them to extinction.

Neotropical and Nearctic

Based on regional solar energy input, where would be the best place to put arrays of solar panels to generate as much energy from the sun as possible?

On an island in the Caribbean Sea

The collision of India with Asia formed high mountains that separate the _____________ and ____________ regions.

Oriental; Palearctic

Parts of the U.S.-Mexico Borderland still exist as desert grassland. This area is most likely still grassland, rather than true desert or shrubland, because of the action of which factor?

Periodic lightning-induced fires

The pattern of water movement in the Southern Hemisphere is essentially a mirror image of the Northern Hemisphere, with surface circulation moving in counterclockwise rather than clockwise rotation. These patterns are known as ____________.

gyres

Wallace deduced that dramatic differences in flora and fauna between Bali and Lombok were the result of the

depth of the ocean trench between the two islands.

The concept of continental drift, accepted by scientists in the last half of the twentieth century, finally provided a reasonable explanation for why

different biogeographic boundaries exist on some continents.