Chapter 5
Under Standard Precautions, body fluids do not include saliva (True or False)
False
Waste containing blood or body fluids should be disposed of in the resident's trash can (True or False)
False
Waste that contains blood can be disposed of in the trash can (True or False)
False
Which of the following is true of HBV?
HBV can be transmitted through blood or needles that are contaminated with the virus
CDC defines hand hygiene as
Handwashing with soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is a federal government agency that protects workers from
Hazards on the job
When a resident is in isolation,
He or she has the same basic human needs
The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is a law that requires that
Healthcare employers must have a written exposure control plan designed to eliminate or reduce employee exposure to infectious material
Employers must offer a free vaccine to protect nursing assistants from
Hepatitis B
Infection Prevention
Measures practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease
The word resistant in multidrug-resistant TB means that
Medications can no longer kill the specific bacteria
What do goggles do?
Provide protection for the eyes
How should sharps such as needles be disposed of?
Sharps should be placed in biohazard containers
Why is it a bad idea for a NA to wear artificial nails to work?
They harbor bacteria and increase risk of contamination
Why is it important for an employee to report any potential exposures immediately?
To protect the employee's health and the health of others
A mask and protective goggles may need to be worn when emptying a bedpan (True or False)
True
An absorbing powder may be used to absorb the spill before removing it (True or False)
True
Following Standard Precautions means treating all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected (True or False)
True
Giving mouth care requires that a nursing assistant wear gloves (True or False)
True
It is normal for a person's immune system to grow weaker as he or she ages (True or False)
True
Limited mobility increases the risk of pressure ulcers among the elderly (True or False)
True
Nursing assistants play an important role in protecting elderly residents from infections (True or False)
True
The elderly have a higher risk for infection than younger people (True or False)
True
Dedicated equipment refers to
Equipment that is only used on one resident
A NA will come into contact with microorganisms
Every time the NA touches something
A NA should use her hands to pick up large pieces of broken glass and use a broom and dustpan for smaller pieces (True or False)
False
A nursing assistant can usually tell if someone is infectious just by looking at him (True or False)
False
A nursing assistant does not need to wear gloves to clean up a very small spill (True or False)
False
A nursing assistant should recap used syringes before putting them in a biohazard container (True or False)
False
Blood circulation is increased as a person ages (True or False)
False
Disinfection should be placed directly on the spilled fluid before absorbing and removing the fluid (True or False)
False
Infections are less dangerous in the elderly than they are in younger people (true or False)
False
Nutrition and fluid intake are not a factor in preventing infection (True of False)
False
The elderly are less likely than younger people to have healthcare-associated infections (True or False)
False
Standard Precautions include the following measures:
Wearing gloves if there is a possibility of coming into contact with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes, or broken skin
How long should a NA use friction when lathering and washing her hands?
20 seconds
Pathogen
A harmful microorganism
Susceptible
A host that could get sick but isn't infected
Sterilization
A measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens
Causative Agent
A pathogenic microorganism that causes disease
Reservoir
A place where the pathogen lives and grows
Disinfection
A process that kills pathogens, but does not destroy all pathogens
Microorganism/Microbe
A tiny living thing that is only visible under a microscope
Helps prevent the spread of illnesses transmitted through the air
Airborne Precaution
May require the use of a special mask, such as an N95 or HEPA mask
Airborne Precaution
Used to guard against tuberculosis and chickenpox
Airborne Precaution
Tuberculosis is
An airborne disease
Systemic Infection
An infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body
Localized Infection
An infection that is limited to a specific location in the body
Portal of Entry
Any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to enter
Portal of Exit
Any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave
Tuberculosis may be transmitted
By coughing
Used when the microorganisms do not stay suspended in the air and travel only short distances
Droplet precaution
A person with TB disease
Can infect others
Someone with latent TB infection
Cannot infect others
Dirty linen should be
Carried away from the NA's uniform
Helps prevent the spread of C. Diff and bacterial conjuctivitis
Contact Precaution
Transmission can occur with skin-to-skin contact during transfers or bathing
Contact Precaution
Used when there is a risk of spreading or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person
Contact Precaution
In health care, the most common way to get a blood borne disease is by
Contact with infected blood or body fluids
How should dirty linen be rolled or folded?
Dirty area is inside
Helps protect against transmission of mumps
Droplet Precaution
Microorganisms can be spread by coughing, sneezing, talking, laughing, or suctioning
Droplet Precaution
Covering the nose and mouth w/a tissue when a person sneezes or coughs and washing hands immediately after sneezing are parts of these precuations
Droplet Precuation
Transmission
How pathogens travel from one person to another
When should PPE be worn?
If there is a chance the NA could come into contact with mucous
Transmission-Based Precautions are used
In addition to standard precautions
Alcohol-based hand rubs are used
In addition to washing with soap and water
Clean
In healthcare, objects have not been contaminated with pathogens
Dirty
In healthcare, objects that have been contaminated with pathogens
Bloodborne diseases can be transmitted by
Infected blood entering the bloodstream
Healthcare-associated Infection
Infections acquired in healthcare settings during the delivery of medical care
How does HIV affect the body?
It weakens the immune system so that the body cannot fight infection
Which of the following does OSHA consider a significant exposure?
NA is stuck by a needle
Which of the following is true of wearing PPE while caring for residents in isolation?
NAs should remove PPE before exiting a resident's room
Infection
Occurs when pathogens invade the body and multiply
Standard Precautions should be practiced
On every single person under a nursing assistant's care
How many times can disposable equipment be used before it needs to be discarded?
One time
Disposable
Only to be used once and then discarded
According to OSHA, employers must give all employees, residents, and visitors ________ to use when needed
PPE
Which of the following is true of Transmission-Based Precautions?
They are practiced in addition to Standard Precautions
When should a mask be worn?
When caring for residents with respiratory illnesses
TB disease is more likely to develop in people
Who have weakened immune systems