Chapter 5

Under Standard Precautions, body fluids do not include saliva (True or False)

False

Waste containing blood or body fluids should be disposed of in the resident's trash can (True or False)

False

Waste that contains blood can be disposed of in the trash can (True or False)

False

Which of the following is true of HBV?

HBV can be transmitted through blood or needles that are contaminated with the virus

CDC defines hand hygiene as

Handwashing with soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is a federal government agency that protects workers from

Hazards on the job

When a resident is in isolation,

He or she has the same basic human needs

The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is a law that requires that

Healthcare employers must have a written exposure control plan designed to eliminate or reduce employee exposure to infectious material

Employers must offer a free vaccine to protect nursing assistants from

Hepatitis B

Infection Prevention

Measures practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease

The word resistant in multidrug-resistant TB means that

Medications can no longer kill the specific bacteria

What do goggles do?

Provide protection for the eyes

How should sharps such as needles be disposed of?

Sharps should be placed in biohazard containers

Why is it a bad idea for a NA to wear artificial nails to work?

They harbor bacteria and increase risk of contamination

Why is it important for an employee to report any potential exposures immediately?

To protect the employee's health and the health of others

A mask and protective goggles may need to be worn when emptying a bedpan (True or False)

True

An absorbing powder may be used to absorb the spill before removing it (True or False)

True

Following Standard Precautions means treating all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected (True or False)

True

Giving mouth care requires that a nursing assistant wear gloves (True or False)

True

It is normal for a person's immune system to grow weaker as he or she ages (True or False)

True

Limited mobility increases the risk of pressure ulcers among the elderly (True or False)

True

Nursing assistants play an important role in protecting elderly residents from infections (True or False)

True

The elderly have a higher risk for infection than younger people (True or False)

True

Dedicated equipment refers to

Equipment that is only used on one resident

A NA will come into contact with microorganisms

Every time the NA touches something

A NA should use her hands to pick up large pieces of broken glass and use a broom and dustpan for smaller pieces (True or False)

False

A nursing assistant can usually tell if someone is infectious just by looking at him (True or False)

False

A nursing assistant does not need to wear gloves to clean up a very small spill (True or False)

False

A nursing assistant should recap used syringes before putting them in a biohazard container (True or False)

False

Blood circulation is increased as a person ages (True or False)

False

Disinfection should be placed directly on the spilled fluid before absorbing and removing the fluid (True or False)

False

Infections are less dangerous in the elderly than they are in younger people (true or False)

False

Nutrition and fluid intake are not a factor in preventing infection (True of False)

False

The elderly are less likely than younger people to have healthcare-associated infections (True or False)

False

Standard Precautions include the following measures:

Wearing gloves if there is a possibility of coming into contact with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes, or broken skin

How long should a NA use friction when lathering and washing her hands?

20 seconds

Pathogen

A harmful microorganism

Susceptible

A host that could get sick but isn't infected

Sterilization

A measure that destroys all microorganisms, including pathogens

Causative Agent

A pathogenic microorganism that causes disease

Reservoir

A place where the pathogen lives and grows

Disinfection

A process that kills pathogens, but does not destroy all pathogens

Microorganism/Microbe

A tiny living thing that is only visible under a microscope

Helps prevent the spread of illnesses transmitted through the air

Airborne Precaution

May require the use of a special mask, such as an N95 or HEPA mask

Airborne Precaution

Used to guard against tuberculosis and chickenpox

Airborne Precaution

Tuberculosis is

An airborne disease

Systemic Infection

An infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body

Localized Infection

An infection that is limited to a specific location in the body

Portal of Entry

Any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to enter

Portal of Exit

Any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave

Tuberculosis may be transmitted

By coughing

Used when the microorganisms do not stay suspended in the air and travel only short distances

Droplet precaution

A person with TB disease

Can infect others

Someone with latent TB infection

Cannot infect others

Dirty linen should be

Carried away from the NA's uniform

Helps prevent the spread of C. Diff and bacterial conjuctivitis

Contact Precaution

Transmission can occur with skin-to-skin contact during transfers or bathing

Contact Precaution

Used when there is a risk of spreading or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person

Contact Precaution

In health care, the most common way to get a blood borne disease is by

Contact with infected blood or body fluids

How should dirty linen be rolled or folded?

Dirty area is inside

Helps protect against transmission of mumps

Droplet Precaution

Microorganisms can be spread by coughing, sneezing, talking, laughing, or suctioning

Droplet Precaution

Covering the nose and mouth w/a tissue when a person sneezes or coughs and washing hands immediately after sneezing are parts of these precuations

Droplet Precuation

Transmission

How pathogens travel from one person to another

When should PPE be worn?

If there is a chance the NA could come into contact with mucous

Transmission-Based Precautions are used

In addition to standard precautions

Alcohol-based hand rubs are used

In addition to washing with soap and water

Clean

In healthcare, objects have not been contaminated with pathogens

Dirty

In healthcare, objects that have been contaminated with pathogens

Bloodborne diseases can be transmitted by

Infected blood entering the bloodstream

Healthcare-associated Infection

Infections acquired in healthcare settings during the delivery of medical care

How does HIV affect the body?

It weakens the immune system so that the body cannot fight infection

Which of the following does OSHA consider a significant exposure?

NA is stuck by a needle

Which of the following is true of wearing PPE while caring for residents in isolation?

NAs should remove PPE before exiting a resident's room

Infection

Occurs when pathogens invade the body and multiply

Standard Precautions should be practiced

On every single person under a nursing assistant's care

How many times can disposable equipment be used before it needs to be discarded?

One time

Disposable

Only to be used once and then discarded

According to OSHA, employers must give all employees, residents, and visitors ________ to use when needed

PPE

Which of the following is true of Transmission-Based Precautions?

They are practiced in addition to Standard Precautions

When should a mask be worn?

When caring for residents with respiratory illnesses

TB disease is more likely to develop in people

Who have weakened immune systems