DHN 212 exam 2

True or false. Genetic testing allows an infant born with a genetic mutation affecting nutrient metabolism to be treated with a special diets to ensure proper nutrition. True False

true

True or false. Personalized nutrition involves making dietary choices based on your genetic makeup. True False

true

choline is used by nerve cells to form the neurotransmitter acetylcholine true false

true

plant cells and sterols have similar structure as cholesterol and interfere with cholesterol absorption

true

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk. To support normal infant development, the formula must have _____ as an ingredient. aspartic acid glutamic acid tryptophan taurine

trypotphan

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins? Cholecystokinin Trypsin Amylase Bile

trypsin

Katrina is 20 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, what is her range of protein intake? 450 to 900 kcal/day 90 to 360 kcal/day 180 to 630 kcal/day 720 to 1080 kcal/day

180 to 630

What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis? 30 4 2 32

2

Which of the following foods is a high-quality protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? ½ cup of watermelon chunks 1 ounce of baby carrots 6 whole-wheat crackers 8 ounce glass of soy milk

8 oz soy milk

Which of the following statements is true? A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms. A fatty acid is a polymer of glucose molecules. The omega end of a fatty acid molecule is the acid portion of the molecule. Most fatty acids in food are water soluble.

A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms

Which of the following statements is true? A saturated fat has a triple bond between two carbons in the hydrocarbon chain. The omega end of a fatty acid molecule contains the acid group. Fatty acids contain nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon. A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.

A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain

Which of the following chemical pathways of glucose catabolism produces the highest amount of ATP molecules? Electron chain transport Glycolysis Fermentation Citric acid cycle

ETC

___________ contains riboflavin and can pick up 2 hydrogen ions and 2 electrons

FAD

___________ is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules. Glycogenolysis Ketogenesis Glycolysis Glucogenesis

Glycogenolysis

During glucose catabolism, pyruvate is produced during which of the following metabolic pathways? Electron transport chain Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Cytochrome C

Gylcolysis

______________ is the formation of ketone bodies in liver cells from the excess of Acetyl CoA produced. Ketoacidosis Ketone diet Beta-oxidation Ketogenesis

Ketogenisis

which lipoprotein has highest percent of cholesterol

LDL

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has _____________. PKU amino acid toxicity syndrome cystic fibrosis IBD

PKU

A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol, which acts as a backbone for their attachment. True False

True

An access of carb consumption is in correlation with the quantity of body fat deposits True or False

True

Any excess of protein intake is converted into fatty acids. True False

True

Our body is capable of withstanding short-term fasting, maintains normal activities, and providing the necessary energy needed, thanks to the glycogen stored in the liver and muscles. True False

True

The higher the number of carbon atoms in a fatty acid, the higher the number of Acetyl CoA produced via beta-oxidation. True False

True

A large quantity of ATP molecules is produced during

aerobic metabolism when adequate O2 is present in the cell

the ability to metabolize alcohol is dependent on the activity of the __________

aldehyde dehydrogenase

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid? Oleic acid Alpha-linolenic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid

alpha linolenic (and linoleic)

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed _____ as a result. cirrhosis fibrosis anaphylaxis torticollis

anaphylaxis

Proteins _____________. have phosphorus in their chemical structures are comprised of amino acids are stored as glycogen in the body provide 7 kcal/g

are comprised of amino acids

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should _____. smoke no more than a pack of cigarettes daily gain some body weight become more physically active consume more saturated fat

become more physically active

the liver uses cholesterol to make _________

bile

A _____ remains when the amino group of an amino acid is removed. ribonucleotide dipeptide fragment fatty acid carbon skeleton

carbon skeleton

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses? Carrots and celery Fish and shellfish Peanuts and other nuts Wheat and shellfish

carrots and celery

The metabolic reaction that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones is called __________. anabolism thermodynamic catabolism kinetic energy

catabolism

what food is a rich source of poly unsaturated fats

corn oil

Gluconeogenesis is under the control of which of the following hormones? Cortisol Insulin None of these choices are correct Epinephrine

cortisol

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons? Wine Crab Blueberries Sunflower seeds

crab

In the body, lipids _____. contribute to proper body hydration are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals help maintain cell membranes

help maintain cell membranes

the body uses cholesterol to make _______

hormones

All the following hormones promote catabolic pathways EXCEPT ____________. cortisol insulin glucagon epinephrine

insulin

which does not have gluten rye millet semolina flour graham

millet

Bernard has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week. As a result of the illness, he has a fever and has lost his appetite. Based on this information, his body is in ____ nitrogen balance. negative positive deactivated facilitated

negative

Plant-based diets may not supply enough ____ to meet a child's needs. vitamin C protein fiber sodium

protein

You would like to bake a special pudding for a friend who has celiac disease. The original pudding recipe is made with eggs, flour, milk, sugar, vanilla, and butter. To make pudding that is safe for your friend to consume, you plan to substitute _____ for the ____ in the recipe. apple juice; milk honey; sugar corn oil; butter tapioca; flour

tapioca; flour

energy is defined as

the capacity to perform work

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? Female sex Type 2 diabetes Higher than average intakes of calcium Asian ancestry

type II diabetes

the _____ gland produces the primary hormone that control metabolic rate

thyroid

the primary function of adipocytes is __________

triglyceride storage

As a result of the Human Genome Project, scientists discovered that people's food choices can affect their genes' expression. True False

true

Consuming a high-protein diet may lead to high urine urea nitrogen. True False

true

High-protein diets are associated with high urinary losses of calcium. True False

true

the use of proteins for energy is dependent on the amount of ____________

vitamin B6

Lily is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ____% of her total energy intake. 20 to 45 10 to 35 30 to 55 40 to 65

10 to 35

____________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria. Ketogenesis Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Beta-oxidation

beta-oxidation

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat? Chicken Fish Eggs Cheese

cheese

which of the following food naturally contains cholesterol chicken sunflower seeds peanuts brocholi

chicken

Bryce is an pescavegetarian. Which of the following foods does he refuse to eat? Fruit salad Chicken salad Egg salad Tuna salad

chicken salad

Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because he has _____. high blood levels of HDL cholesterol a family history of cystic fibrosis chronic high blood pressure Asian ancestry

chronic high BP

___________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage. Metabolic syndrome BAC Cirrhosis of the liver Type 2 diabetes

cirrhosis of the liver

_____ is an omega fatty acid

docosahexaenoic

Secondary structure refers to the structure of protein comprised of two or more polypeptide chains arranged together in a unique manner. True False

false

The Human Genome Project was established to to identify the amino acids in human protein. True False

false

An amino acid does not contain a(n) _____________. carbon skeleton acid group amino group fatty acid group

fatty acid group

____________ is a chemical pathway that enable muscles cells and liver to store glucose as gylcogen glycogenisis gluconeogenisis lipogenisis glycolysis

glycogenisis

During glucose catabolism, pyruvate is produced during which of the following metabolic pathways? Citric acid cycle Cytochrome C Glycolysis Electron transport chain

glycolysis

John's blood test results indicate a high cholesterol level. Which of the following would the doctor recommend to him? Increase his egg yolk intake Take broad spectrum antibiotic Prescribe an antiviral treatment Increase his legumes and nuts intake

increase his legume and nut intake

fatty acid synthesis is called ______

lipogenisis

The ____ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans. liver pancreas pituitary gland small intestine

liver

Although Jerome and Joseph are the same age, weight and height; Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph. This is an example of _____________. nutrigenomics nutrigenetics nutrifanatics nutripronomics

nutrigenetics

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal protein? Peanut butter on crackers Slice of American cheese ½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots

peanut butter on crackers

Lecithin is a type of _____. phospholipid sterol triglyceride fatty acid

phospholipid

Glucogenic amino acids, through metabolic pathways, are broken down into pyruvate or intermediates of the citric acid cycle. True False

true