DHN CH 9 SB
Vitamin ___ is necessary for the metabolism of the minerals calcium and phosphorus, and the production and maintenance of healthy bones
D
What vitamin deficiency will result in blood that does not clot effectively
Vitamin K
What vitamin is found in plant and animal food sources that can also be synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract
Vitamin K
Which fat soluble vitamin is involved in the production of active blood clotting factors
Vitamin K
Long term studies ____ in showing that high intakes of vitamin E consistently reduced the risk of chronic disease
failed
Which of the following is true about free radicals?
- it is a substance with an unpaired electron - it removes electrons from more stable molecules - it's highly reactive
Which roles does vitamin d play in the body
- maintains phosphorus levels in the blood - maintenance of bones - production of bones - assists with absorption of calcium
Choose the functions of vitamin E
- protects cell membranes from being damaged by free radicals - maintains immune system function - maintains nervous tissue
Plant oils, such as sunflower, safflower, canola, and olive oils, as well as margarine and salad dressing, are rich food sources of ______.
Vitamin E
Which fat soluble vitamin serves as a major antioxidant in the body
Vitamin E
Why is it not necessary to consume 100% off every vitamin each day
- bacteria in your lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins - your body can synthesize vitamin d - body cells can store vitamins to some extent
What role does vitamin A play in the body
- cell growth - formation of epithelial cells - cell production
Choose the best way to preserve the content of water soluble vitamins in food
- consuming fruits and vegetables with their skins - cooking vegetables in small amounts of water - cooking fruits and vegetables in their skins
Function of Vitamin D
Bone health
The yellow orange pigment in fruits and vegetables are called
Carotenoids
Which of the following is found only in plants
Carotenoids
Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids contain ___ which hides the yellow orange pigment
Chlorophyll
Several studies have displayed a relationship with vitamin K intake and ___ risk of osteoporosis
Decreased
Clinical studies have provided support for taking vitamin a or beta carotene supplements to reduce the risk of CVD
False
Vitamin e supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of chronic disease
False
Which of the following is true about vitamin K
Green leafy vegetables are good food sources
Vitamin K deficiency may develop in individuals on long term antibiotic therapy because such therapy can ___ the number of bacteria in the colon that synthesize the vitamin naturally
Reduce
Which of the following are considered basic roles of vitamins
Regulates body processes, involved in cell division and development
Which foods are a good source of vitamin E
Sunflower seeds and plant oils
How do vitamins participate in energy protection
They participate in the chemical reactions that produce energy
Cooking vegetables in small amounts of water, cutting produce into large pieces, and cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins are all effective ways to reduce the loss of ___ that easily leach out of food and dissolve in cooking water
Water soluble vitamins
Where is most of the vitamin A in the body stored
liver
The bioavailability of vitamins can be effected by
- food processing - food preparation - GI transit time
Which of the following are major food sources of vitamin K
- green leafy vegetables - margarine and salad dressing - soybean and canola oils
Vitamin K deficiency can commonly develop in people who
- have a condition that impairs fat absorption - have cystic fibrosis - have liver disease
Adults who may be at higher risk for osteomalacia include those who
- have covered skin for religious reasons - are home bound
What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin
- signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from diet - the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health - the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods
Where does the healthy body store vitamin E
- skeletal muscle - liver - body fat
Choose the true statements about vitamin D
- vitamin D is not considered an essential nutrient - calciferol comes from plant and animal sources - vitamin d is considered a hormone
What are some signs and symptoms of rickets
-Muscle pain -Soft bones -Misshapen bones
What increases a persons risk for a vitamin toxicity
-taking a megadose of a vitamin -consuming large amounts of vitamin-fortified foods
How many calories are provided from 60 mg of vitamin C
0
According to a nationwide survey approximately ___ of American adults had low blood levels of vitamin D
50%
Certain acne medications like accutane containing high levels of vitamin __ should not be prescribed during pregnancy due to the risk for harm to the fetus
A
Vitamin ___ participated in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth
A
Which statement is more accurate
A nutritionally adequate diet can supply vitamins that last days or years
Function of folate
Blood formation
Who is least at risk for developing vitamin A deficiency
children who like vegetables
Function of Vitamin E
antioxidant defense
What describes the degree of potency of a vitamin?
biological activity
What is the primary function of vitamin K
blood clotting
Dark green fridges and vegetables that contain carotenoids are not yellow orange in color because of the presence of
chlorophyll
Which of the following foods would not be a good source of vitamin D
cucumbers
When an atom or molecule loses an electron
oxidation
What is highly reactive and removes electrons from more stable molecules such as proteins, fatty acids, and DNA
free radical
Clinical studies ___ provided support for taking vitamin A or beta carotene supplements to reduce the risk of CVD
have not
Several long-term studies have shown a(n) _______ relationship between vitamin K intake and the risk for osteoporosis.
inverse
When an atom or molecule ____ one or more electrons, it has been oxidized
loses
Most vitamins are ___ bioavailable from natural food sources rather than from supplements alone
more
The adult form of Vitamin D deficiency is called
osteomalacia
What is the name of a substance that removes electrons from atoms or molecules
oxidant
Vitamin D comes from both plant and animal food sources, the ___ form of vitamin D is called ergocalciferol
plant
An oxidant ___________ electrons from atoms or molecules
removes
The ___ ___ is the primary site of vitamin absorption
small intestine
What is the primary site of vitamin absorption
small intestine
Vitamin is a term created from ___ meaning necessary for life and ___ meaning containing nitrogen
vita, amine
What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body
vitamin
Vitamin E protects the polyunsaturated fatty acids that are located in cell membranes from being damaged by ___ ___
Free radicals
Factors associated with low vitamin D status include
- drinking milk less than once a week - screen time more than 4 hours daily - excess body fat
What are some common foods fortified with vitamin D
- milk - ready to eat cereal - orange juice
Which groups of people are most at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency
- older adults - preschoolers who don't eat vegetables - people with fat malabsorption
Why is a vitamin E deficiency rare
Because the healthy body stored the vitamin in body fat, skeletal muscle, and the liver
____ ____ is a condition that results in the overproduction of mucus that negatively affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, and sexual organs
Cystic fibrosis
Function of vitamin A
Immune function
About 10% of the body's supply of menaquinone (vitamin K2) is supplied by
Intestinal bacteria
Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to
Retinol binding protein
Children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of ___ a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
I'm general vitamins that occur naturally and synthetic vitamins have similar biological activities
True
If left untreated children with cystic fibrosis usually experience delayed growth and malnutrition
True
The term vitamin gets its meaning from
Vita - necessary for life , amine - a nitrogen containing substance
Excessive intake or exposure to which vitamin may be particularly harmful to a developing fetus
Vitamin A
Choose the vitamins that are fat soluble
Vitamin A, D, E, K
Function of thiamin
energy metabolism
