DHN CH 9 SB

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Vitamin ___ is necessary for the metabolism of the minerals calcium and phosphorus, and the production and maintenance of healthy bones

D

What vitamin deficiency will result in blood that does not clot effectively

Vitamin K

What vitamin is found in plant and animal food sources that can also be synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract

Vitamin K

Which fat soluble vitamin is involved in the production of active blood clotting factors

Vitamin K

Long term studies ____ in showing that high intakes of vitamin E consistently reduced the risk of chronic disease

failed

Which of the following is true about free radicals?

- it is a substance with an unpaired electron - it removes electrons from more stable molecules - it's highly reactive

Which roles does vitamin d play in the body

- maintains phosphorus levels in the blood - maintenance of bones - production of bones - assists with absorption of calcium

Choose the functions of vitamin E

- protects cell membranes from being damaged by free radicals - maintains immune system function - maintains nervous tissue

Plant oils, such as sunflower, safflower, canola, and olive oils, as well as margarine and salad dressing, are rich food sources of ______.

Vitamin E

Which fat soluble vitamin serves as a major antioxidant in the body

Vitamin E

Why is it not necessary to consume 100% off every vitamin each day

- bacteria in your lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins - your body can synthesize vitamin d - body cells can store vitamins to some extent

What role does vitamin A play in the body

- cell growth - formation of epithelial cells - cell production

Choose the best way to preserve the content of water soluble vitamins in food

- consuming fruits and vegetables with their skins - cooking vegetables in small amounts of water - cooking fruits and vegetables in their skins

Function of Vitamin D

Bone health

The yellow orange pigment in fruits and vegetables are called

Carotenoids

Which of the following is found only in plants

Carotenoids

Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids contain ___ which hides the yellow orange pigment

Chlorophyll

Several studies have displayed a relationship with vitamin K intake and ___ risk of osteoporosis

Decreased

Clinical studies have provided support for taking vitamin a or beta carotene supplements to reduce the risk of CVD

False

Vitamin e supplementation has been shown to reduce the risk of chronic disease

False

Which of the following is true about vitamin K

Green leafy vegetables are good food sources

Vitamin K deficiency may develop in individuals on long term antibiotic therapy because such therapy can ___ the number of bacteria in the colon that synthesize the vitamin naturally

Reduce

Which of the following are considered basic roles of vitamins

Regulates body processes, involved in cell division and development

Which foods are a good source of vitamin E

Sunflower seeds and plant oils

How do vitamins participate in energy protection

They participate in the chemical reactions that produce energy

Cooking vegetables in small amounts of water, cutting produce into large pieces, and cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins are all effective ways to reduce the loss of ___ that easily leach out of food and dissolve in cooking water

Water soluble vitamins

Where is most of the vitamin A in the body stored

liver

The bioavailability of vitamins can be effected by

- food processing - food preparation - GI transit time

Which of the following are major food sources of vitamin K

- green leafy vegetables - margarine and salad dressing - soybean and canola oils

Vitamin K deficiency can commonly develop in people who

- have a condition that impairs fat absorption - have cystic fibrosis - have liver disease

Adults who may be at higher risk for osteomalacia include those who

- have covered skin for religious reasons - are home bound

What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin

- signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from diet - the body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health - the nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods

Where does the healthy body store vitamin E

- skeletal muscle - liver - body fat

Choose the true statements about vitamin D

- vitamin D is not considered an essential nutrient - calciferol comes from plant and animal sources - vitamin d is considered a hormone

What are some signs and symptoms of rickets

-Muscle pain -Soft bones -Misshapen bones

What increases a persons risk for a vitamin toxicity

-taking a megadose of a vitamin -consuming large amounts of vitamin-fortified foods

How many calories are provided from 60 mg of vitamin C

0

According to a nationwide survey approximately ___ of American adults had low blood levels of vitamin D

50%

Certain acne medications like accutane containing high levels of vitamin __ should not be prescribed during pregnancy due to the risk for harm to the fetus

A

Vitamin ___ participated in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth

A

Which statement is more accurate

A nutritionally adequate diet can supply vitamins that last days or years

Function of folate

Blood formation

Who is least at risk for developing vitamin A deficiency

children who like vegetables

Function of Vitamin E

antioxidant defense

What describes the degree of potency of a vitamin?

biological activity

What is the primary function of vitamin K

blood clotting

Dark green fridges and vegetables that contain carotenoids are not yellow orange in color because of the presence of

chlorophyll

Which of the following foods would not be a good source of vitamin D

cucumbers

When an atom or molecule loses an electron

oxidation

What is highly reactive and removes electrons from more stable molecules such as proteins, fatty acids, and DNA

free radical

Clinical studies ___ provided support for taking vitamin A or beta carotene supplements to reduce the risk of CVD

have not

Several long-term studies have shown a(n) _______ relationship between vitamin K intake and the risk for osteoporosis.

inverse

When an atom or molecule ____ one or more electrons, it has been oxidized

loses

Most vitamins are ___ bioavailable from natural food sources rather than from supplements alone

more

The adult form of Vitamin D deficiency is called

osteomalacia

What is the name of a substance that removes electrons from atoms or molecules

oxidant

Vitamin D comes from both plant and animal food sources, the ___ form of vitamin D is called ergocalciferol

plant

An oxidant ___________ electrons from atoms or molecules

removes

The ___ ___ is the primary site of vitamin absorption

small intestine

What is the primary site of vitamin absorption

small intestine

Vitamin is a term created from ___ meaning necessary for life and ___ meaning containing nitrogen

vita, amine

What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body

vitamin

Vitamin E protects the polyunsaturated fatty acids that are located in cell membranes from being damaged by ___ ___

Free radicals

Factors associated with low vitamin D status include

- drinking milk less than once a week - screen time more than 4 hours daily - excess body fat

What are some common foods fortified with vitamin D

- milk - ready to eat cereal - orange juice

Which groups of people are most at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency

- older adults - preschoolers who don't eat vegetables - people with fat malabsorption

Why is a vitamin E deficiency rare

Because the healthy body stored the vitamin in body fat, skeletal muscle, and the liver

____ ____ is a condition that results in the overproduction of mucus that negatively affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, and sexual organs

Cystic fibrosis

Function of vitamin A

Immune function

About 10% of the body's supply of menaquinone (vitamin K2) is supplied by

Intestinal bacteria

Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to

Retinol binding protein

Children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of ___ a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency

Rickets

I'm general vitamins that occur naturally and synthetic vitamins have similar biological activities

True

If left untreated children with cystic fibrosis usually experience delayed growth and malnutrition

True

The term vitamin gets its meaning from

Vita - necessary for life , amine - a nitrogen containing substance

Excessive intake or exposure to which vitamin may be particularly harmful to a developing fetus

Vitamin A

Choose the vitamins that are fat soluble

Vitamin A, D, E, K

Function of thiamin

energy metabolism


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