DHN212 Chapter 13 Obesity, Energy Balance, and Weight Management

Overfat adults are recommended to engage in more than ___ minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week to achieve clinically significant weight loss.

250

How many calories are in one pound of fat tissue?

3500

Losing as little as _____% of excess body fat can increase HDL cholesterol levels, reduce high blood pressure, and improve glucose tolerance.

5

According to national surveys, the percentage of obese American adults increased by almost ____ % between 1988-1994 and 2011-2012.

50

Jared is an average, healthy 23 year old. Based on this information, _____ of his body's total energy use is for basal metabolism.

50-70%

The amount and location of _____ stores in the body are important predictors of health risk

Adipose

What is hunger?

An uncomfortable feeling that drives a person to consume food

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?

Bioelectrical impedance

Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ____________.

CVD

The body satisfies energy requirements by consuming _____.

Carbohydrates Fat Protein (NOT minerals and vitamins)

Positive energy balance is normal and healthy during?

Childhood, infancy, pregnancy

Which of the following dietary supplements may slightly enhance weight loss?

Chromium picolinate

Factors of energy output include

Digestion, metabolism, physical activity

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to _________.

Eat breakfast daily

What best describes the energy balance equation?

Energy input = Energy output

Skinfold calipers are used to

Estimate fat content Measure fat layer directly under the skin Measure fat layer at multiple sites on the body

True or False : Direct calorimetry measures a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

False

True or False : Ephedra-containing weight-loss supplements are commercially available at drug stores across the United States.

False

What is the satiety?

Feeling of fullness after consuming food

_______ is an aspect of the environment that has a powerful influence on people's food choices.

Food advertising

George is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity. George's physician is likely to recommend a(n) ______ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.

Gastric Sleeve

Individuals with waist circumfrences that above the recommended range are at elevated risk for developing:

HTN, type 2 diabetes, CVD

What is Ghrelin?

Hormone released by stomach that stimulates eating

What is leptin?

Hormone released by the adipose tissue to inhibit hunger

What are the most logical approaches to weight loss?

Increase physical activity, eat less, change problematic eating behaviors

What is dumping syndrome?

Intestinal bloating, nausea, and diarrhea due to consumption of simple carbohydrates following gastric bypass surgery.

What effect will hyperthyroidism have on weight?

Lead to higher than normal metabolic rate, which can result in excessive weight loss

What effect will hypothyroidism have on weight?

Leads to lower than normal metabolic rate, which can result in obesity

Match BMI categories to their classifications

Less than 18 : underweight 18.5 - 24.9 : healthy weight between 25 and 29.9 overweight greater or equal to 30 obesity

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

Measuring the person's waist circumference

What is a skin fold caliper?

Method of determining body fat using a skin fold measurement

What is Bod Pod?

Method of determining body fat using air displacement

What is bioelectric impedance?

Method of determining body fat using low energy electrical currents

What is underwater weighing?

Method of determining body fat using water displacement

In order to lose weight it is necessary to be in _____ energy balance

Negative

_____ energy balance occurs when energy intake is lower than calorie output

Negative

In the United States, _____ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.

Non-Hispanic black Americans

_____ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat.

Obesity

Which of the following is not a typical feature of fad diets?

Physical Activity

The factors that help an individual lose and maintain an appropriate weight include:

Remaining physically active, self-monitoring, regularly eating a healthy diet

What is an appetite?

The psychological desire to eat

The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

Thyroid

A person who has a BMI of 26.2 can have more muscle and bone tissue than another person who has the same BMI.

True

True or False : A weight loss program that guarantees rapid weight loss is unreliable.

True

True or False : Direct calorimetry can be used to measure basal metabolic rate.

True

True or False : Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.

True

True or False : Heart rate monitors can be used to estimate TEE because a linear relationship exists between heart rate and oxygen consumption.

True

True or False : Negative energy balance is achieved when obese individuals become more physically active and restrict their food intake.

True

What health problem is associated with excess weiht

Type 2 diabetes

_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.

Visceral

Which of the following methods is not useful for estimating total energy expenditure?

Waistline measurements

The following tactics can be important parts of long-term weight loss maintenance:

Weight oneself regularly Regular self-monitoring Keeping daily records

What is the BMI equation?

Weight(kg)/Height(m)^2 Weight(lb)/Height(in)^2 x 703

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should _________.

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil

Esther would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in 1 year. According to this information, Esther's physician will need to _________.

determine whether Esther has cancer or another chronic disease.

What is not a reliable treatment for obesity?

diet pills

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weigh-loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program _________.

includes regular physical activity

Increasing your physical activity will _____ your energy expenditure

increase

Android obesity is associated with

increased risk of inflammation increased risk for serious, chronic diseases men with an "apple" body shape

Heart rate monitors can help estimated energy expenditure because typically, as heart rate _____, energy expenditure _____.

increases; increases

Fad diets

limits food selections from a few food groups offer a 'quick fix' to your weight problems rely on testimonials for evidence of effectiveness

Treatment for overweight and obesity should involve healthy, active living with acceptable diet modification that will promote weight ____ and later, weight ____.

loss, maintenance

Principles of behavior _____ are critical components of weight reduction and maintenance.

modification

The category of BMI that is a major health risk is termed _____ obese.

morbidly

Central body obesity is

more common in men symbolic of extra visceral fat stores sometimes described as having an "apple" body shape Android obesity

As a weight management tip, consider keeping ______, low calorie snacks on hand.

nutrient-dense

While sitting at a desk, Lisa talks on her cell phone. Under these conditions, talking on a cell phone is a form of _____ activity.

physical

when energy input is greater than energy output the person is in ____ energy balance.

positive

According to the ______ theory, an individual's body weight is genetically predetermined.

set-point

To gain weight, underweight adults should increase their consumption of all of the following foods EXCEPT ____________.

soft drinks