DHN212 Chapter 13 Obesity, Energy Balance, and Weight Management
Overfat adults are recommended to engage in more than ___ minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week to achieve clinically significant weight loss.
250
How many calories are in one pound of fat tissue?
3500
Losing as little as _____% of excess body fat can increase HDL cholesterol levels, reduce high blood pressure, and improve glucose tolerance.
5
According to national surveys, the percentage of obese American adults increased by almost ____ % between 1988-1994 and 2011-2012.
50
Jared is an average, healthy 23 year old. Based on this information, _____ of his body's total energy use is for basal metabolism.
50-70%
The amount and location of _____ stores in the body are important predictors of health risk
Adipose
What is hunger?
An uncomfortable feeling that drives a person to consume food
Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?
Bioelectrical impedance
Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ____________.
CVD
The body satisfies energy requirements by consuming _____.
Carbohydrates Fat Protein (NOT minerals and vitamins)
Positive energy balance is normal and healthy during?
Childhood, infancy, pregnancy
Which of the following dietary supplements may slightly enhance weight loss?
Chromium picolinate
Factors of energy output include
Digestion, metabolism, physical activity
In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to _________.
Eat breakfast daily
What best describes the energy balance equation?
Energy input = Energy output
Skinfold calipers are used to
Estimate fat content Measure fat layer directly under the skin Measure fat layer at multiple sites on the body
True or False : Direct calorimetry measures a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.
False
True or False : Ephedra-containing weight-loss supplements are commercially available at drug stores across the United States.
False
What is the satiety?
Feeling of fullness after consuming food
_______ is an aspect of the environment that has a powerful influence on people's food choices.
Food advertising
George is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity. George's physician is likely to recommend a(n) ______ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it.
Gastric Sleeve
Individuals with waist circumfrences that above the recommended range are at elevated risk for developing:
HTN, type 2 diabetes, CVD
What is Ghrelin?
Hormone released by stomach that stimulates eating
What is leptin?
Hormone released by the adipose tissue to inhibit hunger
What are the most logical approaches to weight loss?
Increase physical activity, eat less, change problematic eating behaviors
What is dumping syndrome?
Intestinal bloating, nausea, and diarrhea due to consumption of simple carbohydrates following gastric bypass surgery.
What effect will hyperthyroidism have on weight?
Lead to higher than normal metabolic rate, which can result in excessive weight loss
What effect will hypothyroidism have on weight?
Leads to lower than normal metabolic rate, which can result in obesity
Match BMI categories to their classifications
Less than 18 : underweight 18.5 - 24.9 : healthy weight between 25 and 29.9 overweight greater or equal to 30 obesity
Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?
Measuring the person's waist circumference
What is a skin fold caliper?
Method of determining body fat using a skin fold measurement
What is Bod Pod?
Method of determining body fat using air displacement
What is bioelectric impedance?
Method of determining body fat using low energy electrical currents
What is underwater weighing?
Method of determining body fat using water displacement
In order to lose weight it is necessary to be in _____ energy balance
Negative
_____ energy balance occurs when energy intake is lower than calorie output
Negative
In the United States, _____ are more likely to be overweight or obese than other adults.
Non-Hispanic black Americans
_____ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat.
Obesity
Which of the following is not a typical feature of fad diets?
Physical Activity
The factors that help an individual lose and maintain an appropriate weight include:
Remaining physically active, self-monitoring, regularly eating a healthy diet
What is an appetite?
The psychological desire to eat
The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.
Thyroid
A person who has a BMI of 26.2 can have more muscle and bone tissue than another person who has the same BMI.
True
True or False : A weight loss program that guarantees rapid weight loss is unreliable.
True
True or False : Direct calorimetry can be used to measure basal metabolic rate.
True
True or False : Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.
True
True or False : Heart rate monitors can be used to estimate TEE because a linear relationship exists between heart rate and oxygen consumption.
True
True or False : Negative energy balance is achieved when obese individuals become more physically active and restrict their food intake.
True
What health problem is associated with excess weiht
Type 2 diabetes
_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs.
Visceral
Which of the following methods is not useful for estimating total energy expenditure?
Waistline measurements
The following tactics can be important parts of long-term weight loss maintenance:
Weight oneself regularly Regular self-monitoring Keeping daily records
What is the BMI equation?
Weight(kg)/Height(m)^2 Weight(lb)/Height(in)^2 x 703
Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should _________.
add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil
Esther would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in 1 year. According to this information, Esther's physician will need to _________.
determine whether Esther has cancer or another chronic disease.
What is not a reliable treatment for obesity?
diet pills
Erin is following a safe and medically sound weigh-loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program _________.
includes regular physical activity
Increasing your physical activity will _____ your energy expenditure
increase
Android obesity is associated with
increased risk of inflammation increased risk for serious, chronic diseases men with an "apple" body shape
Heart rate monitors can help estimated energy expenditure because typically, as heart rate _____, energy expenditure _____.
increases; increases
Fad diets
limits food selections from a few food groups offer a 'quick fix' to your weight problems rely on testimonials for evidence of effectiveness
Treatment for overweight and obesity should involve healthy, active living with acceptable diet modification that will promote weight ____ and later, weight ____.
loss, maintenance
Principles of behavior _____ are critical components of weight reduction and maintenance.
modification
The category of BMI that is a major health risk is termed _____ obese.
morbidly
Central body obesity is
more common in men symbolic of extra visceral fat stores sometimes described as having an "apple" body shape Android obesity
As a weight management tip, consider keeping ______, low calorie snacks on hand.
nutrient-dense
While sitting at a desk, Lisa talks on her cell phone. Under these conditions, talking on a cell phone is a form of _____ activity.
physical
when energy input is greater than energy output the person is in ____ energy balance.
positive
According to the ______ theory, an individual's body weight is genetically predetermined.
set-point
To gain weight, underweight adults should increase their consumption of all of the following foods EXCEPT ____________.
soft drinks