Digestion Final Exam
What are the three regions of the small intestine?
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
What is the difference between a bolus and chyme?
Bolus: food that has been chewed in the mouth, mixed with saliva and swallowed. Chyme: Bolus that has been churned with HCL in the stomach and is released into the small intestine.
What is the purpose of bicarbonate ions?
Neutralize acidic chyme coming from stomach
What organ secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine?
Pancreas
How is the pancreas connected the small intestine?
Pancreatic duct unites with commonbile duct before entering duodenum
What is the function of gall bladder?
Stores & concentrates bile.
How does the gall bladder connected to the small intestine
The liver cells secrete the bile into small canals that lead to the common bile duct. Another duct branches off and leads to the gallbladder. The common bile duct ends at the small intestine. The bile produced by the liver flows directly into the small intestine.
Why are the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder considered part of the digestive system?
The liver digests food by producing bile to break down fats. The pancreas produces enzymes to help break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The gall bladder stores the bile that is produced by the liver.
What is intrinsic factor
a component that aids in absorption of vitamin b12
What makes the stomach secrete gastric juice?
acetylcholine is released from smelling food this stimulates stomach cells to release the hormone, gastrin that increases secretion
What is the "tube" called in which food moves?
alimentary canal
What is the purpose of proteases?
break down proteins into amino acids
What is the purpose of nuclease?
breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides
What is the purpose of pancreatic lipase?
breaks down triglycerides into glycogen and fatty acids
What are the functions of the liver?
carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, storage, blood filtering, detoxification, secretion
what is digested in the small intestine
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
What are the two sphincters of the stomach?
cardiac sphincter and pyloric sphincter
What are the parts of the large intestine or colon?
cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
What does chemical digestion mean?
change in molecular structure through the use of enzymes
What does the term "mechanical digestion" mean?
change in physical form (big to small)
What is the purpose of pancreatic amylase?
complete carbohydrate digestion
What are the two functions of the small intestine
digestion and absorption
Bile helps the small intestine to digest/absorb what molecule?
fatty acids
What are the regions of the stomach?
fundus, body, pylorus
How are the liver and gallbladder related?
gallbladder stores and releases bile. liver produces bile that helps digest fats in the food you eat.
What is the purpose of gastric pits in the stomach
gastric pits communicate with stomach and transport gastric cell secretion
When someone has heartburn or acid reflux, what is happening?
inflammation of the esophageal mucosa due to reflux of gastric juice back in esophagus.
What is saliva's role in digestion?
lubricates food and allows food to glide through alimentary canal
What is the peritoneum?
membrane that lines the inside of abdominal cavity
where and what digests lipids
mouth, bile
how does food move through the digestion system?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, anus
composition of saliva
mucus, serous, amylase
How does the function of the pancreas relate to the function of the small intestine?
pancreatic cells produce pancreatic juice which passes nito the duodenum, via the pancreatic duct.
What is the function of mucus in the digestive system?
protects mucosal lining of stomach
What is the function of mucus of the large intestine?
protects the intestinal wall from acid
The liver filters blood that comes from the small intestine, for what purpose?
removes bacteria and damaged red blood cells. parts of damaged blood cells are become part of bile
What is the function of rugae?
ridges to increase surface area of the stomach
What liver function helps aid digestion
secretion of bile
Where and what digests carbohydrates
small intestine, amylase
What is an ulcer?
sore that exposes underlying tissue in stomach caused by bacteria
Where and what digests proteins
stomach, pepsin
What is mesentery?
thin tissue that supports the internal organs
Describe the role the uvula, tongue, and epiglottis have in swallowing.
tongue initiates swallowing, uvula helps close off nasal cavity from oral cavity, epiglottis closes off trachea.
What is the main function of the large intestine?
water absorption
What is peristalsis?
wave-like muscle contractions
