Digestive System: Alimentary Canal
The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the
duodenojejunal flexure
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?
35-40 degree
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?
40-70 degree
What is the average degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?
45 degree
What is the length of the large intestine?
5 feet
Food and fluid should be withheld for how many hours before a stomach examination
8 hours
The following best describes the administration of barium for an esophagram being performed for esophageal varices
Exhale, Swallow the barium, Hold breath out
The patient "prep" for a moring stomach examination is
Food and fluid are withheld after midnight
The wall of the small intestine is composed of how many coats?
four
The following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of the esophagus?
Varices are better filled More complete contrast filling, especially proximal part
What is the length of the average adult small intestine?
22 feet
The small intestine is divided into how many distict portion?
3 Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
How much lower should the IR be positioned when the upright position is used for projections of the stomach?
3-6 inches
How long is the entire alimentrary canal?
30 feet
The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique stomach radiograph ranges from
30 to 60 degree
Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?
A longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side
For which projection of the stomach would a ositioning sponge be used?
AP oblique
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach
AP oblique, LPO
The following are the essential projections for an esopagus series
AP or PA Lateral PA oblique
Which of the following are essential oblique projections of the stomach and duodenum?
AP projection, LPO PA projection, RAO
Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic hemiation?
AP, Trendelenburg position
Which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?
Asthenic
The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the
Cardia antrum
The esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the
Cardiac Orifice
The main functions of the small bowel are
Digestion of food Absorption of food Storage of food
The shortest portion of the small bowel is the
Duodenum
The widest portion of the small bowel is the
Duodenum
The stomach wall is composed of how many layers?
Four
Which drug may be given to the patient before a double contrast examination of the stomach to relax the GI tract?
Glucagon
The opening inside the duodenum where pancreatic enzymes and bile enter is called the
Greater duodenal papilla
The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct usually unite to form the
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the stomach will depend on the body habitus. The greatest degree of rotation would be used for which body habitus?
Hypersthenic
Which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?
Hypersthenic
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the
Ileum
At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum?
L1 / L2
At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum?
L1 / L2
Which projection of the stomach demonstrated its anterior and posterior surfaces?
Lateral
The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the
Mesentery
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus?
PA RAO
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?
PA oblique, RAO
The opening between the stomach and the small intestine is termed the
Pyloric Orifice
The muscular opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the
Pyloric Sphincter
What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus?
Recumbent
The folds of the thick inner lining of the stomach are termed the
Rugae
The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include
Single Contrast Double Contrast
The following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of the stomach?
Small lesions are not obscured The mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized
The PA projection of the stomach best demonstrate the
Stomach contour and duodenal bulb
Functions of the stomach
Storage of food Food is chemically broken down
For all projections of the esophagus, the top of the IR is positioned at
The level of the mouth
The planes is centered to the grid for the lateral projection of the esophagus
midcoronal plane