Dinardo: Chapter 14 - Question/Answer

Who were Copperheads?

"peace democrats". They were the opposition party that either said let the South go or no we need the South back. Common argument was that the war was a waste of money

Why doesn't Lincoln follow the Radical Republicans' advice about slavery?

- He doesn't want to lose the border-states - African Americans would be competing for jobs with the whites - If they fought over slavery, the war would be prolonged

What were the challenges Lincoln had to face in the first year of the Civil War?

11 states seceded, policies criticized, not doing well on the battle field, and almost had a war with England

When was the Morrill Tariff?

1861

How long did the Civil War last?

1861-1865 (four years)

What was the Trent Affair?

2 Confederate diplomats were captured in Cuba on route to England

What really gave the North an advantage during the Battle of Antietam?

A Union officer found Lee's battle plans, so Union was always ahead of Confederacy.

What did the Copperheads want?

A negotiated peace with the South recognizing an independent Confederacy.

What did the Trent Affair cause?

A possible war with Britain (2 wars for Union simultaneously)

What was the Anaconda Plan?

A strategy to win the Civil War

What were the Morill Land Grants?

Beginning of state colleges. Federal government gave federal land so that states could establish colleges and spread education

In 1862, what role does the blockade have?

Can the South get through the blockade and use cotton to get money and European help?

What did the Anaconda Plan suggest?

Capture Richmond, blockade coastline, and control the Mississippi River.

What was the goal of the Anaconda Plan?

Conduct a quick war with little destruction

Why were Copperheads called Copperheads?

Copperheads: we wear pennies to show who we are Lincoln: snakes, dangerous

Although it seems like the North have more advantages in the beginning of the Civil War, what does the South have?

Cotton cultivation that would aid in getting allies during the war (especially England), and they have experienced military

What are quaker cannons?

Decoy cannons that the North used.

What was the Emancipation Proclamation supposed to do?

Free all slaves in the states then at war with the Union

How did Lincoln justify his arrest of criticizers with the Constitution?

He used Article 1, section 9 which forbade suspension of the habeus corpus except when "in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public safety may require it"

What was Robert Lee's intention for Maryland?

He wanted a victory in this border state to convince it to secede

Who was John Merryman?

He was a Southern sympathizer that got arrested and whose case went to Supreme Court

What was useless about McClellan?

He was always doing drills and thought he was outnumbered, and never actually fought.

Why were people hesitant to make Winfield Scott the military leader?

He's too old. His military career started in 1812.

What did Lincoln tell the South about the Emancipation Proclamation?

If you stop fighting now, you can keep your slaves. But once I announce the EP, there's no going back

What was the Homestead Act?

Individuals got free/super cheap land. If they stayed on it for 5 years, they could improve it yay

What did the greenbacks lead to?

Inflation.

What were Lincoln's early decisions?

Keep slave-holding border states loyal, pledge by his Republican view, and preserve the Union.

What does the discovery of Lee's battle plans lead to?

Lee is forced to retreat when he is unable to break through the Union lines.

What would explain the goal of the Anaconda Plan?

Little destruction because if the country's going to be put back together, it can't be ruined.

Who takes command after the Battle of Bull Run?

McClellan

What was awesome about the Peninsular Campaign?

McClellan actually decided to fight!

What happens after Lee retreats during the Battle of Antietam?

McClellan allows Lee to retreat without pursuing him.

What was the Supreme Court ruling of the Merryman Case?

Merryman was to be released

Where were the Copperheads most popular?

Midwest

What were the border slave-holding states?

Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware.

What were greenbacks?

Money that is not backed by either gold or silver, but the confidence that the people have in the government

Why were greenbacks created?

Money was taken off of gold and silver standards

What was the Morrill Tariff?

Protection for Northern manufacturing

What was the effect that the Union defeat at the 2nd Battle of Bull Run have on England?

The members of Parliament were considering recognition of the Confederacy

What role does public opinion play in shaping foreign policy?

The public opinion determines the reelection.

What is the habeus corpus?

The right to trial and know the charges made against you

Why did Robert E. Lee refuse to lead the Union in the Civil War?

There was no sense of nationalism during the Civil War, so Lee chose his state before his country

What did the South try to do during the Battle of Antietam?

They attempted an invasion of the North

What happened to the slaves in the border states?

They were free by the 13th amendment

What did Lincoln say the South was risking by having the Civil War?

They were risking their slaves

Who was "Stonewall" Jackson?

Thomas Jackson who was able to bog down the Union army for 2 months with smaller force

What was McClellan's goal for the Penninsular Campaign?

To capture Richmond and end the war

Why would Winfield Scott suggest taking control of the Mississippi River?

To disrupt food supply, and food was primarily grown west of the Mississippi.

What is Lincoln's objective in 1862?

The South is gone, take advantage of that

What was the Merrimac v Monitor?

The South took the Merrimac (originally from the Union) and put a metal coat in it to go through the blockade, but the north had one too so.

What was the diplomatic crisis in 1861?

The Trent Affair

Why does it take four years for the North to defeat the South?

Each side had a unique set of advantages and challenges that explained the unpredictability of the course of the war.

What economic factors might have caused the British to support the Confederate states?

England depended on cotton and North was competition to England (industrial rivalry)

What does Lincoln do after the Confederates are paraded through the streets?

He releases them and sent a congratulatory letter to England about finally recognizing the freedom of the seas

Who devised the Anaconda Plan?

General Winfield Scott

What did Lincoln do after the Battle of Antietam, regarding McClellan?

He fired McClellan for good

What does Lincoln do to make sure other states won't secede?

He gives away "goodies".

Why did it seem obvious for Robert E. Lee to guide the Union into the Civil War?

He had family ties from an ancestor having the idea of independence and having a wife who was a descendant of Martha Washington.

Why should McClellan have won against the South in the Penninsular Campaign?

He had more troops than the South, but the South's generals were able to wear him down

What does Lincoln pass after the Battle of Antietam?

He issues the Emancipation Proclamation

What does Lincoln do in 1861 in the North, regarding the citizens and him?

He ordered the arrest of anyone suspected of "subversive acts of speech"

How did Lincoln use his Republican views in making his early decisions of the Civil War?

He pledged not to interfere with slavery where it already existed. He didn't think that the Constitution gave him power to ban pre-existing slavery

How would Lincoln try to keep the border slave-holding states loyal?

He put them under martial (military) law since there was considerable Southern sympathy in these regions.

What did the Battle of Bull Run mean to Lincoln?

He realized that the war would not be an easy Southern defeat.

What effect did the Emancipation Proclamation have on the goal of the war?

It changed it from preservation of the Union to abolishing slavery

What did Lincoln's little trick after the Battle of Antietam do to the South?

It got the British Parliamentary to not recognize the Confederacy and thus prevented them from getting the needed recognition from a foreign power

Why is Maryland a concern to Lincoln during the earlier stages of the Civil War?

It is close to the the capital (DC)

What was the result of the Merrimac v Monitor?

It was a 2 day battle that ended in stalemate

Why were Confederates sent to England?

It was a Southern attempt to get diplomatic recognition from England.

What happened at the Battle of Bull Run (significance)?

It was a Union defeat 25 miles away from Washington, which showed the vulnerability of the nation's capital

Why is the Battle of Antietam so important?

It was a draw, but Lincoln claimed the Union won and everyone believed him

Who won the Battle of Antietam?

It was supposed to be an east victory, but led to a draw

Why would Winfield Scott suggest the capture of Richmond to win the war?

It was the capital of Confederacy, which would be a psychological strike to the Confederates

Why would the South want English recognition?

It would be a huge advantage because England could give the South all the materials they do not have

Why did the South want a victory in the North?

It would get England's attention

Why would Winfield Scott suggest blockading the coastline to win the war?

It would prevent cotton shipments, which would decrease the chances of foreign countries aiding the Confederates

What was the fault in greenbacks?

Its value fluctuated with success/failures of the Union Army on battlefield

What was Lincoln's reaction to Taney's ruling of the Merryman Case similar to?

Jackson ignoring a court decision

What did the South obtain in 1862 that was supposed to be helpful?

New technology such as submarines.

Did McClellan's goal for the Penninsular Campaign work?

No

What do Radical Republicans say to Lincoln after the Penninsular Campaign?

No one wanted this war, but we got one so why don't we take this opportunity to abolish slavery once and for all

What was Lincoln's reaction to the Roger Taney's ruling?

No, he ignored his ruling

What effect did Lincoln's early actions in the Civil War have on Northerners?

Northerners started to think that Southerners had a point: the government is too powerful

Why was the Pacific Railroad Act able to be passed?

Now that the South was gone, the North could make a northern route w/o protest

What did Lincoln's actions early in the Civil War start to do?

People were getting to be angry since Lincoln was violating rights, which made him seem like a monarch.

What is the misconception of the goal of the war?

Seen as a war over abolition, but it was really over the preservation of the Union

When was the Battle of Antietam?

September 17th, 1862. 23,000 casualties

So if the Emancipation Proclamation didn't work on the Confederates, how were the slaves freed?

The Union army goes through the South and conquer/subdue part of the South, emancipating slaves

What was Lincoln's actions (of silencing anyone that criticized him) similar to?

The Alien and Sedition Acts

What was public opinion in Britain concerning the issue of slavery?

The British working class supported the abolition of slavery (Uncle Tom's Cabin)

Who won the Battle of Bull Run?

The Confederates

At the start of the Civil War, which side seems like they will win?

The North

Who did the Morrill Tariff benefit?

The North, it was a tax on imported manufactured goods

Who was Lincoln's final general?

Ulysses S. Grant

What was the Pacific Railroad Act?

Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific railroad that bound the nation together

Why did England threaten war on the Union?

Union people boarded their ship and took their guests

What was pretty stupid about the subs that the South used?

When they shot down an enemy ship, the whirlpool would suck the subs in as well.

Why was the Emancipation ineffective?

Why would the Confederates listen to the Union if they are no longer one nation?

Who were the first two possible military leaders of the Civil War?

Winfield Scott and Robert E. Lee

Did President Lincoln violate civil liberties during the Civil War or were his actions justified?

Yes he violated the citizens' right of free speech by imprisoning anyone that criticized him