Discrimination and Disparity

Example of contextual discrimination

Certain regions, particular crimes or special victim-offender relationship

Systematic discrimination

Discrimination at all stages of criminal justice system at all times and at all places

Contextual discrimination

Discrimination found in particular contexts or circumstances

Individual Acts of Discrimination

Discrimination that results from the acts of particular individuals but is not characteristic of entire agencies or the criminal justice system as a whole

Examples of disparity

Employment selection, education, bail, jury selection, sentencing, mass incarceration

Disparity

Involves a difference but not one that does not necessarily involve discrimination. Result may have implication of discrimination but difference in numbers.

Discrimination

Involves difference in outcomes based on different treatment of individuals or groups with out reference to behavior, qualification, or some other legal factor

Institutional discrimination

Racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes that are the result of the application of rapidly neutral factors, such as prior criminal record, employment status and demeanor

unconscious bias

assumptions or stereotypes that are a result of their upbringing or deeply embedded in America culture related to race, ethnicity, gender, orientation and crime

pure justice

no racial or ethnic deicrimination at all