Discrimination and Disparity
Example of contextual discrimination
Certain regions, particular crimes or special victim-offender relationship
Systematic discrimination
Discrimination at all stages of criminal justice system at all times and at all places
Contextual discrimination
Discrimination found in particular contexts or circumstances
Individual Acts of Discrimination
Discrimination that results from the acts of particular individuals but is not characteristic of entire agencies or the criminal justice system as a whole
Examples of disparity
Employment selection, education, bail, jury selection, sentencing, mass incarceration
Disparity
Involves a difference but not one that does not necessarily involve discrimination. Result may have implication of discrimination but difference in numbers.
Discrimination
Involves difference in outcomes based on different treatment of individuals or groups with out reference to behavior, qualification, or some other legal factor
Institutional discrimination
Racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes that are the result of the application of rapidly neutral factors, such as prior criminal record, employment status and demeanor
unconscious bias
assumptions or stereotypes that are a result of their upbringing or deeply embedded in America culture related to race, ethnicity, gender, orientation and crime
pure justice
no racial or ethnic deicrimination at all