Disorder of Blood Flow

Which of the following are characteristic signs of acute arterial embolism?

pallor, pulselessness, pain

Which client would the nurse recognize as needing to be assessed for orthostatic hypotension?

An 80-year-old client who has experienced two falls while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom

A client taking an antihypertensive drug for several months comes to the physician's office with a dry, persistent cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs?

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?

vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)

An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest concern for an older adult taking this class of drug?

hypotension

The nurse knows that which food is excluded from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet?

steak

Which blood vessel layer is composed primarily of smooth muscle cells?

Tunica media

Which client should most likely be assessed for orthostatic hypotension?

an older adult client who has experienced two falls since admission while ambulate to the bathroom

The nurse suspects a client has stage 2 systolic hypertension. What systolic pressure would confirm the nurse's suspicion?

140 mm HG or higher

A client has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive arterial disease. Which client statement indicates she understands how to manage this disease?

I should have my LDL monitored

The nurse knows that the primary long-term regulation of blood pressure is exerted by which body system?

the kidneys

A client is pregnant for the first time and is considered to be at high risk for preeclampsia. The care team should prioritize which intervention?

vigilant BP monitoring

A 29-year-old woman who considers herself active and health conscious is surprised to have been diagnosed with preeclampsia-eclampsia in her second trimester. What should her care provider teach her about this change in her health status?

we dont really understand why some women get high BP when they're pregnant

A health care provider was asked by a client, "Why do my hands turn blue when I drive my car in the winter without gloves?" What is the best response?

your arteries in your hands/ fingers are going into spasm, which decrease circulating oxygen

A nurse is providing care for a client with a history of severe atherosclerosis. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate and assess in the client? Select all that apply

- cognitive deficits due to ischemia or thrombosis - aneurysm formation due to the weakening of blood vessel walls

Which clients are at risk for venous thrombosis? Select all that apply.

- oral contraceptives - who had total hip replacement surgery - bed rest after an acute myocardial infarction

A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educate the client? Select all that apply.

- weight reduction if overweight - smoking cessation - dietary measures to reduce LDL levels

Which statements are true concerning atherosclerosis? Select all that apply.

-Age is considered a risk factor. - A family history of the disorder is generally present. - It is a leading cause of death in the United States. - Symptoms appear when the condition is in its advanced stage

A pregnant female client is at risk for the development of preeclampsia-eclampsia. Select the most important data to assess.

BP 160/100 mm Hg and proteinuria during the 30th week of pregnancy

hich of the following facilitates the clearance of cholesterol from the periphery (including atheromatous plaques) and transports it to the liver where it may be excreted?

HDL

A client has been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The nurse is planning care and recognizes that the client is most at risk for:

Pulmonary embolism

A female client tells the health care provider that she has recently been experiencing episodes of changes occurring in the color of her fingertips, especially when she experiences cold temperatures. She further states that the tips become pale, turn a bluish color, and then become reddened. The client is most likely experiencing:

Raynaud phenomenon

A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for hypertension. The nurse knows that ACE inhibitors are contraindicated by which clinical condition?

Renal artery stenosis

he nurse is preparing to auscultate a client's blood pressure. Which information obtained from the client would indicate that the nurse should wait 30 minutes prior to obtaining a reading?

The client just smoked a cigarette

An older adult client newly diagnosed with systolic hypertension asks her health care provider why this happens. Which response is most accurate?

With age, your arteries lose their elasticity and are replaced with collagen, which makes your arteries stiffer."

which client is at greatest risk of orthostatic hypotension

a 66 year old postoperative client on bed rest

While working triage in the emergency department, which client report should alert the nurse to imminent danger and, thus, that client should be seen first?

a client holding the abdomen and reporting a tearing & ripping feeling inside

A nurse is planning a community education program on hypertension. Which parameter should be included to explain the regulation of arterial blood pressure?

cardiac output & systemic vascular resistance

When trying to educate a client about the release of free radicals and the role they play in formation of atherosclerosis, which statement is most accurate?

activated cells that release free radical oxidize LDL, which is harmful to the lining of your blood vessels

A client with a diagnosis of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes has seen a gradual increase in her blood pressure over the past several months, culminating in a diagnosis of secondary hypertension. Which factor has most likely resulted in the client's increased blood pressure?

activation of renin-angiotensin- aldosterone mechanism

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a postsurgical client. A major goal is to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement?

apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities

Which vascular changes can occur in older adults because of the increase in blood pressure during the aging process?

decreased elasticity in arterial connective tissue

an older adult client is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. for which clinical manifestation should the nurse assess

dizziness & fainting

A client has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which lab result would the practitioner expect?

elevation of triglycerides

An older adult client's blood pressure (BP) is 120/80 mm Hg when in a lying position. When the nurse retakes the client's BP in a sitting position, the BP is 92/60 mm Hg. Which intervention is appropriate for the nurse to implement?

encouraging the client to maintain hydration throughout the day

What should the nurse teach the client with peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication about exercise?

exercise can increase blood vessel growth & help to decrease symptoms

The nurse is teaching a class on reduction of cardiovascular disease. Which action/activity demonstrates an intervention that is cognizant of the modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia?

going for a brisk walk with a friend and talking to him about continuing to exercise regularly

Which intervention by the client will decrease overall cardiovascular risk?

higher levels of fitness and exercise

Atherosclerosis begins in an insidious manner with symptoms becoming apparent as long as 20 to 40 years after the onset of the disease. Although an exact etiology of the disease has not been identified, epidemiologic studies have shown that there are predisposing risk factors to this disease. What is the major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?

hypercholesterolemia

Persons with hypertension secondary to hyperaldosteronism may be treated with which medication?

potassium -sparing diuretics

which goal is a priority for a nurse caring for a client diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension?

preventing falls

The client's ultrasound shows a thrombus in the venous sinus in the soleus muscle. The nurse explains that early treatment is important to prevent:

pulmonary embolism