DIT CH 2 Midterm
A
A nutrition anecdote is not the same as a testimonial. Which of the following descriptions is an example of a testimonial? A: In a TV commercial, a famous football player claims that a popular energy drink has helped improve his energy levels. B: A friend says that she started taking chromium supplements after reading a magazine article about how the mineral speeds up weight loss. C: Your physician tells you to take a multivitamin daily, because you've been sick. D: Your roommate mentions that taking a creatine supplement daily helps him to build muscle faster while working out.
consider findings as observation and redesign study with control group
A nutrition researcher adds 30 mg of the mineral iron to the daily diet of 50 4-week-old laboratory mice. After ten weeks, the scientist takes blood samples from each mouse. According to his findings, the mice developed abnormal red blood cells. Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell him? - consider findings as observation and redesign study with control group - prepare research article for submission - should report findings to other scientist - call for a press conference to report findings
.org
A nationally-recognized, not for profit, health association provides information about choosing healthful foods for diabetes management.
C
A researcher observes that first-grade children who only eat foods sweetened with honey seem to behave the same as first-grade children who eat foods sweetened with cane sugar. After making the observation, the researcher decides to conduct a study to explore whether eating honey has any affect on school-age children's behavior. The researcher wants to follow the basic steps of the scientific method. Now that he's made the observation, his next step will be to A: analyze info about dietary practices B: form at least 2 basic conclusions C: develop question based on observations D: ask a group of peer reviews for help to design single-blind study
medical history survey
A scientist would like to collect information concerning the health of a large group of older adults. To obtain this information, the scientist conducts a
Testimonial
Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing an herbal product for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n)
have scientist review and react before publishing
Articles that appear in the Journal of the American Medical Association are reliable sources of health information because the editors - have scientist review and react before publishing - know authors have already published in other journals - trained to recognize and reject articles with questionable findings - only publish articles written by scientists funded by health-related associations
C
Having a control group enables researchers to A: avoid using harmful interventions when testing members of the experimental group. B: test possible questions for future research efforts. C: compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group. D: provide specific treatments to participants of the group.
treatment, control, placebos
To study this possibility, the scientist uses two groups of people who are over 75 years of age and have mild memory loss. The ________ group receives 100 pills that contain fish oil. The _____ group receives similar pills that don't contain any active ingredients. These fake pills are called ______.
Federal Trade Commission
You recently watched an infomercial at an Internet website in which an actor promoted a new weight loss product. The actor stated that you'll lose weight almost instantly by consuming the product, because it contains a secret herbal formula that's both safe and effective. The promoter also said that you can continue to eat all of your usual foods and still lose weight, while taking the herbal formula. You're concerned that people might waste their money on this product. Which agency should you contact to file a complaint about the website?
testimonial
a person endorsement of a product
scientific
a scientist presents the following ______ questions: "Does taking supplements improve memory?"
first amendment
allows ppl to provide nutrition info thats not true
4, 1, 3, 5, 2
1. L guesses that her abdominal upsets are caused by inability to digest lactose 2. L tells physician about experiment and he agrees that she's probably lactose intolerant 3. L does a 1 week trial and elimiantes all milk and milk products from diet and records when stomach hurts 4. L notes that stomach hurts after drinks milk and she wonders why 5. L reviews her records and determines that when she didn't have milk , she did not have abdominal discomfort.
.com
A commercial website contains ads for gluten-free food products and supplements that are targeted for people who have intestinal problems.
A
A group of researchers wants to conduct a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that affect the development of obesity. Which of the following activities is likely to be the first step of their research efforts? A: observing practice of obese B: submitting article about experimental design c: analyze data d: reporting result on TV
disclaimer
A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n)
results are questionable b/c no control group
A medical researcher asked 50 people with painful, arthritic knees to rub a cream that contained vitamin E on their knees for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, she asked the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. All 50 subjects reported improvement in their knee pain. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? - researcher shouldn't report her finds until use single-blind study - results about benefits of using Vit E cream for knee pain are questionable b/c no control group - researcher should find peer-review group - results of study prove cream helps relieve pain
anecdote
Derek consumes a protein-rich drink before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the drink to his diet. His report about the positive effects of the special drink is an example of a(an)
scare tactic
During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they're not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n)
anecdote
Emily has brittle fingernails that crack and split easily. Emily's mother advises her daughter to take gelatin pills 3 times/day, because she's heard the practice strengthens fingernails. The mother's nutrition-related advice about the benefit of taking gelatin pills is an example of a(an)
B, D
Identify all of the characteristics that are usually associated with reliable sources of nutrition information. A: Advertisements for dietary supplements or weight-loss books B: Information about the articles' authors, including their sources of funding Information about the articles' authors, including their sources of funding C: Colorful, attractive covers with pictures D: Longer, more scientific articles Longer, more scientific articles E: Difficult to read articles, because they include many scientific terms
Food and Drug Administration
Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the
articles dont undergo peer review before publishing
Men's Journal and Family Circle may be unreliable sources of nutrition information, because - general public subscribe to them - RD are hired to write articles in these journals - articles generally dont undergo peer review before being published
federal trade commission
Mitch recently tried a hair-restoring product that he purchased from an Internet website. The package's label displayed the following claim: "Rubbing a tablespoon of 'NutraTerraMino' on your scalp each day will cure the hair loss associated with the aging process." After a month of using "NutraTerraMino" daily, he stopped because the product made his hair fall out. Based on this information, Mitch should file a complaint with the
placebo effect
Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a new protein-containing product on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he's in the experimental group, because he's certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he didn't receive the new source of protein. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he's certain his muscle mass increased while he consumed the product. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of
.edu in address
Which of the following statements is true? - internet is generally reliable source of nutrition info - in general, personal websites are reliable sources - US law require promotes of nutrition-related products to publish info that honest - nutrition departments at websites with .edu in their address
B
Which of the following statements is true? A: single-blind study, both researchers and humans dont know groups B before beginning research, usually develop question to guide study C experimental study doesnt need control group D in US, nutrition scientist often conduct studies on humans before animals
dietsnomore4u.com
Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? - eatright.org -dietsnomore4u.com -purdue.edu -choosemyplate.gov
scare tactic
inspire mistrust in medical professional
observation
people report that taking fish oil supplements improves their memory. this is an example of
anecdote
report of personal experiences
RD who counsels patients in a hospital clinic
Luisa is overweight and has a condition called pre-diabetes. She would like to locate a nutrition and diet expert to help her lose weight. She should seek a _____, because this person is a college-trained health care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods, nutrition, and dietetics. - doc who calls herself a nutrition expert - RD who counsels patients in a hospital clinic - nutritionalist who publishes online books about natural ways to cure diabetes - nutritionist who has a mail-order college degree
.gov
The Department of Health and Human Services promotes a campaign to increase calcium consumption among pre-teen girls.
findings are not meaningful b/c of study design
A scientist conducts a study to determine the effects of the mineral cadmium on the weight of mice. She adds 5 mcg of the mineral to the daily diet of 100 4-week-old laboratory mice. Every week, the researcher records the weight of each mouse. At the end of the study, the scientist notes that 3 mice died, 40 mice lost weight, 40 mice gained weight, and the remaining 17 mice didn't gain or lose weight during the 12-week period. Based on this information, what would you tell the researcher about her findings? - findings are not meaningful b/c of study design - findings are interesting and provide proof - findings are noteworthy and important - findings are biased
FTC
In the United States, which agency investigates complaints about false or misleading health-related claims that appear in food advertisements?
A
which is true: A: A person who uses a drink that contains vinegar as a cure for patients with lung cancer is practicing quackery. Correct B: According to scientific research, anecdotes that describe how nutrients benefit health are reliable sources of information. C: In the United States, people can include "RDN" after their name, even if they aren't qualified to use the credential. D: disclaimer on a product's label provides proof that the product is likely to live up to the manufacturer's claims.
quackery
A person claims his newly invented device treats cancer without surgery, medication, or other forms of conventional medical therapy. However, people who have used the device report that it wasn't helpful, and it may have harmed them. According to this information, the inventor's claims and his device are
placebos
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are
placebos
Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin D on the human body. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin D to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain the vitamin or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain vitamin D are
FTC
The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the - center for disease control and prevention CDC - federal trade commissions FTC - EPA - Agricultural research services ARS
subjects, double-blind
The people who are the _______ of the study and the scientist in charge of the research don't know which group is getting the fish oil-containing pills. This kind of study is called a(an) ______ study.
paid testimonial
The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw appears in television commercials in which he endorses "AminoProFix" for building muscle mass quickly and safely. His support of the product is an example of a(an)
A, D, E
Which of the following statements is an anecdote? (Check all that apply.) A: Your best friend tells you to take a fish oil supplement each day, because it cleared up her skin blemishes, so it should make your skin look better, too. Your best friend tells you to take a fish oil supplement each day, because it cleared up her skin blemishes, so it should make your skin look better, too. B: Your nutrition instructor recommends that women who are likely to become pregnant should take a prenatal vitamin supplement each day, because the practice can reduce the risk of certain birth defects. Your nutrition instructor recommends that women who are likely to become pregnant should take a prenatal vitamin supplement each day, because the practice can reduce the risk of certain birth defects. C: A physician tells your mother to take a supplement that contains 2000 IU of vitamin D daily, because blood tests indicate she is vitamin-D deficient. A physician tells your mother to take a supplement that contains 2000 IU of vitamin D daily, because blood tests indicate she is vitamin-D deficient. D: Your best friend advises you to drink coconut milk, because it helped him stop losing his hair. Your best friend advises you to drink coconut milk, because it helped him stop losing his hair. E: Your blood pressure is elevated, so your sister recommends that you take a garlic pill daily, because her high blood pressure declined after she started taking the herbal supplement.
D
Which of the following statements is untrustworthy or misleading because it contains a "red flag" of unreliable nutrition-related information? A: People who have questions about medical conditions should seek answers from practitioners who have had the proper training and licensing. B People who have complaints about false or misleading health claims should report them to the Federal Trade Commission. C People who have concerns about health-related products or treatments should be skeptical to avoid being cheated out of their money. D: People who have cancer should take vitamin C pills because the pills have been clinically proven to cure cancer.
A
Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? A: optimalhealthandnutrition4ever.com/tips B: ksu.edu/foodandnutritiondepartment C: eatright.org/informationforpublic D: choosemyplate.gov/fruits
.edu
what url does this go with? A nationally accredited university publishes highlights of a recent study about the effects of beef intake on risk of heart disease.
a, b, d
which indicate research bias? A: A drug company that makes dietary supplements funds a study that indicated the health benefits of taking megadoses of vitamin C on a daily basis. B: An organization representing dairy farmers provides a monetary grant to a researcher who will study whether drinking three cups of milk per day promotes weight loss. C: A university research team with no ties to the poultry industry is studying whether individuals who eat chicken that has been injected with salt have higher blood pressure levels than people who eat chicken that has not been injected with salt. D: A soft drink producers' trade group funds a study to determine whether the removal of soft drink machines from schools negatively affects the number of extracurricular activities that are offered by administrators in those schools.
A
which is true: A Promoters of nutrition misinformation often take advantage of the general public's mistrust of scientists. Correct B In general, commercial (*.com) Internet websites are reliable sources of scientifically-based nutrition information. C The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of consumers to be protected from health misinformation. D Testimonials for weight loss supplements are usually based on scientific evidence.