DMS 250 Neck (leticlacar)

Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto's disease (muscle cramps)

You are performing a thyroid US on a young woman with hypothyroidism. You detect a moderately enlarged, hypo echoic thyroid with a coarsened parenchymal echo texture. Which of the following conditions is most likely present, considering this history and findings?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

During transverse imaging of the thyroid, you detect a hypoechoic, round nodule posterior and medial to the thyroid. How can you determine if this is the esophagus or a nodule?

Have the patient swallow while scanning the area

You have been asked to identify a parathyroid adenoma. What is the typical sonographic appearance of this structure?

Homogeneous, hypoechoic, solid oval-shaped nodule

Which of the following statements about the carotid artery is TRUE?

The ICA terminates at the Circle of Willis

Which of the following describes the correct patient positioning for sonographic evaluation of the thyroid?

The patient is supine with the neck hyperextended by a pad underneath the scapulae

The first indication of thyroid gland failure is linked with a decrease in:

Thyrotropin aka TSH

Including iodide in your diet is required for the normal production of:

Thyroxine

Which of the following is the hormone that's most abundantly produced by the thyroid?

Thyroxine

You have been requested to perform a thyroid US on a patient with a palpable nodule in the left neck. Which of the following transducers would provide the most optimal scan?

10.0 MHz linear array

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than

10mm

A patient has been referred for a thyroid US to locate a parathyroid adenoma. How many parathyroid glands are present in most people?

4

How many parathyroid glands are found in the majority of the population?

4

Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found w/in the adult?

4

The normal length of an adult thyroid lobe is approximately:

4.0cm

Which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?

A hypoechoic, oblong structure w/ a distinct echogenic hilum

Which of the following symptoms is most likely related to hypercalcemia (too much calcium)?

Abdominal pain (Gallstones) (The body will create GB/KID stones)

A homogenous mass is identified within the inferior portion of a thyroid lobe. A prominent hypoechoic ring surrounds this mass. These sonographic findings are most consistent with which of the following neoplasms?

Adenoma (hypoechoic-ring halo)

Which of the following is the most common etiology of hyperparathyroidism?

Adenoma of a parathyroid gland

On the left side of the neck, the common carotid arises from what artery?

Aortic arch

Clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism include all of the following:

Arthritis, Muscle cramps, Weight gain Skin dryness

The vertebral arteries join at the base of the skull to form the:

Basilar artery

The majority of the thyroid nodules identified on US are:

Benign

A patient presents with a superficial neck mass located near the angle of the jaw. On US, the mass demonstrates a few swirling echoes within an anechoic mass. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for a:

Branchial cleft cyst

Parathyroid glands control the release & absorption of which nutrient?

Calcium

A solitary hypoechoic thyroid nodule demonstrating irregular borders and microcalcifications is most suspicious for:

Carcinoma

Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule?

Cold nodule

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as

Colloid

During transverse insonation of the thyroid gland, you detect two large vessels just lateral to the thyroid. What is the most medial vessel?

Common carotid artery

Inflammation of the thyroid gland secondary to a viral infection is most commonly associated with which of the following conditions?

De Quervain syndrome

You are performing a thyroid US on a patient with a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. What is the sonographic appearance of this condition?

Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid with heterogeneous echo texture

Clinical findings associated with Grave's disease (hyper) may include all of the following:

Dyspnea, Dysphagia, Exophthalmos, Palpable neck mass

Pronounced swelling of the neck is most often caused by a(n):

Enlarging thyroid gland

What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass b/c of its relationship to the trachea & the post aspect of the left thyroid gland?

Esophagus

A cystic hygroma (around baby's neck) is most likely related to which of the following abnormalities?

Inadequate drainage of lymph fluid

The thyroid gland utilizes which of the following to produce its hormones?

Iodine

Which of the following muscles is located posterior to the thyroid lobes?

Longus colli

Which of the following muscles is most often affected by a whiplash injury?

Longus colli

Primary carcinoma of the thyroid gland is known to extend to all of the following structures:

Lung, Bone, Larynx, Lymph nodes

Which of the following is considered a function of the parathyroid gland?

Maintain homeostasis of blood calcium concentrations

Examination techniques used in thyroid imaging include all of the following:

Multiple imaging focal zones, 7MHz or higher linear transducer, Hyperextension of the patient's neck, Low PRF in Doppler imaging

Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

Superior thyroid artery

Serial evaluation of a multi nodular goiter should include measurements of the overall length, height, and width of a thyroid lobe along with measurements of the length, height, and width of:

The largest nodule(s)

Which of the following is true regarding thyroid nodules?

The overwhelming majority of thyroid nodules are benign, Thyroid nodules are very common, Nodules with significant cystic components are usually benign, Nodules may be hyperechoic or hypoechoic to the thyroid

A patient presents with a palpable anterior neck mass. The patient denies any recent surgery or fever. A nonvascular complex mass is identified extending from the superior portion of the isthmus to the patient's chin. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for:

Thyroglossal cyst

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as

Thyroglossal duct cysts

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a

brachial cleft cyst

All of the following are diagnostic findings of benign thyroid nodules except

cold nodule

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than " " is indicative of thyroid enlargement

10 mm

The superior thyroid artery is a branch of what artery?

External carotid a

Indications for a thyroid ultrasound examination may include all of the following:

Fatigue, Dysphagia, Palpitations, Palpable neck mass

You are performing an US exam on a patient with parathyroid hyperplasia. How many glands are usually involved in this condition?

Four

A 30 yr old pt presents w/ a hx of weight loss, hair loss, & hyperthyroidism. You note that the pt has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Grave's disease

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Grave's disease

Which ab is ass w/ the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?

Grave's disease

Multilocular nodules are demonstrated on a sonogram of a thyroid gland. This is most consistent with which of the following conditions?

Graves disease

You are performing a thyroid study on a patient with an enlarged gland. Color Doppler shows markedly increased vascularity of both lobes. Which of the following is most likely?

Graves disease

Which of the following conditions is considered a predisposing factor for developing a thyroid malignancy?

Hashimoto disease

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto thyroiditis

What is the role of color and spectral Doppler in evaluating thyroid nodules?

Neither color nor spectral Doppler have been shown to be sensitive in determining if a thyroid nodule is benign or malignant

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may include all of the following:

Nervousness, Weight loss, Exophthalmos, Increased heart rate

You are performing an US exam to rule out the presence of parathyroid adenoma. Hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by enlargement of how many parathyroid glands?

One

Which of the following arteries arises first from the internal carotid artery?

Ophthalmic artery

Development of which of the following conditions is linked to hyperthyroidism?

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

Papillary

You are performing a thyroid sonogram on a patient with a nodule suspicious for malignancy. What is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

Papillary carcinoma

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a predisposing factor for development of which of the following neoplasms?

Parathyroid adenoma

Hypercalcemia is ass w/ which of the following?

Parathyroid adenoma

Pancreatitis, hypertension, and hypercalcemia are clinical findings associated with which of the following neoplasms?

Parathyroid adenoma

You are performing a thyroid US on a patient with increased serum calcium levels. What pathology are you searching for?

Parathyroid adenoma

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?

Platysma & Sternocledomastoid

A parathyroid mass may be suspected when an abnormality is located:

Posterior to a thyroid lobe

A congenital anomaly associated with an additional thyroid lobe arising from the isthmus is termed a(n):

Pyramidal lobe

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as

Pyramidal lobe

What muscle is seen as thin, hypoechoic bands immediately anterior to each thyroid lobe?

Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid

You have identified the thyrocervical trunk in a patient with a hypervascular thyroid nodule. The thyrocervical trunk arises from what artery?

Subclavian artery

Which of the following veins empties directly into the internal jugular vein?

Superior thyroid Vein

What is the 1st branch of the external carotid a?

Superior thyroid a

A thyroglossal cyst is located between which of the following structures?

Thyroid isthmus and tongue

A patient presents with a history of hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism, dysphagia, and leukocytosis. A sonogram demonstrates an enlarged hypervascular thyroid gland. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for which of the following conditions?

Thyroiditis

In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces

Too FEW thyroid hormones

Tissue metabolism is regulated by which of the following hormones?

Triiodothyronine aka T3

Which of the following vascular structures receives blood from the posterior brain and empties into the brachiocephalic vein?

Vertebral vein

During sonographic imaging of the thyroid, you detect several cervical lymph nodes. Which of the following is true regarding these lymph nodes?

Visualization of inflammatory lymph nodes in the neck is common, Most normal cervical lymph nodes have an oblong or oval shape, The greatest dimension in normal cervical lymph nodes is the longitudinal axis, Most inflammatory lymph nodes exhibit an echogenic hilum

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

Endocrine

The majority of blood supplied to the brain is through the:

Internal carotid arteries

Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobe?

Internal carotid artery

During transverse insonation of the thyroid gland, you detect two large vessels just lateral to the thyroid. What is the most lateral vessel?

Internal jugular vein

Which muscles are located post to each thyroid lobe?

Longus coli

What muscle is located posterior to each lobe of the thyroid?

Longus colli

Secretion of thyroid hormones is stimulated by which of the following structures?

Pituitary gland

Which of the following muscles is located lateral to the thyroid lobes just beneath the subcutaneous tissue in the neck?

Platysma

While performing a thyroid US, you detect a lymph node suspicious for malignancy. Which of the following sonographic features is consistent with nodal malignancy in the neck?

Rounded lymph node instead of oval Heterogeneous echo texture Intranodal calcification Absence of an echogenic hilum

Which muscles are located ant to the thyroid gland?

Strap Muscles

Which vessel is seen to course through the transverse foramina of the cervical spine?

Vertebral

All of the following are sonographic findings of an ab lymph node except:

echogenic hilum