DNA Profiling
What is the complement to the DNA strand below: 5'-ATGCCAT-3'
3'-TACGGTA-5'
At what temperature does the anneal step of PCR occur?
50-65 C
At what temperature does the extension step of PCR occur?
72 C
At what temperature does the denature step of PCR occur?
94 - 96 C
Base pairing rules?
A-T , G-C
Which part of the cell is not broken down by the palmolive in the strawberry DNA extraction lab?
Cytomembrane
The process of collecting DNA from the nucleus of a cell is called?
DNA extraction
Why do the fragments of DNA in gel electrophoresis travel away from the negative electrode?
DNA is negatively charged so attracted to the positive end of the unit
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
Deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
Cytosine pairs with
Guanine
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
Hydrogen bond
DNA fingerprinting works because?
No two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
Nucleus
Which 2 scientists are accredited with correctly deducing the double helix model of DNA?
Watson and Crick
What is the purpose of the water bath in the human DNA extraction lab?
activate the EDTA
What is the term used to describe the phenomena that at the end of the double helix, one strand is 5' and the other is 3'?
anti-parrallel
From where does taq polymerase come?
bacteria that live in hydrothermal vents/hot springs
What is the function of DNase?
breaks apart DNA
What is the purpose of palm olive in the strawberry DNA extraction lab?
breaks down parts of the cell
What shape is bacterial DNA?
circular
In DNA electrophoresis, the largest DNA fragment will appear?
closest to the starting wells
What type of bond connects the deoxyribose (sugar group) to the phosphate group?
covalent
In preparation for an electrophoresis procedure, enzymes are added to DNA in order to?
cut the DNA into fragments
Guanine bonds with?
cytosine
What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
The shape of an entire DNA molecule is?
double helix
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
double helix
What preciptates the DNA?
ethanol
There are 2 hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine?
false
What is the function of the gel in gel electrophoresis?
filter the DNA as it moves through the system
Where is bacterial DNA located?
floating in the cell
The pieces of DNA that are seen in the DNA fingerprint are called?
fragments
What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?
hydrogen
The two strands of DNA are held together by?
hydrogen bonds
What type of bond connects nitrogenous bases?
hydrogen bonds
What is the purpose of EDTA in the human DNA extraction lab?
inactivates DNase
What is the purpose of meat tenderizer in the strawberry DNA lab?
inactivates DNase
What is the primary purpose of using restriction enzymes in gel electrophoresis?
it allows the strands of DNA to be cut into various lengths for testing
Why is DNA important?
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
What type of charge does DNA have?
negative
During gel electrophoresis, DNA moves from the _____ end to the ____ end.
negative, positive
What is the purpose of NaCl in DNA extraction?
neutralizes DNA
Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate, and?
nitrogenous base
What part of the DNA molecule makes up the rungs of the ladder?
nitrogenous base
What is the monomer of DNA?
nucleotide
The molecules that are considered the building blocks of DNA?
nucleotides
Where is DNA located in the cell?
nucleous
What is the term used when a solid is formed in solution?
percipitate
What does PCR stand for?
polymerase chain reaction
The bottom of the gel electrophoresis is what charge?
positive
Once DNA has been extracted from the nucleus of a cell, it is exposed to _______ ________ that act like biochemical scissors to cut the DNA.
restriction enzymes
What is the purpose of gel electrophoreis?
separates DNA based on size
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis?
separates DNA based on size
This technique used to analyze DNA involves the?
separation of DNA fragments based on the size
Which parts of the nucleotide are connected by a covalent bond?
sugar group and phosphate group
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
Why does PCR require a specific type of polymerase?
taq polymerase can withstand the range of temperatures in PCR without denaturing
What happens during the anneal step of PCR?
the primers attach to the target DNA region
What is the purpose of the extension step of PCR?
to allow polymerase to create the complementary strands of DNA
What is the function of a primer?
to identify the particular region of DNA to be copied by PCR
Which is not a function of buffer in gel electrophoresis?
to keep the fragmented DNA from annealing back together
What is the purpose of PCR?
to produce millions of copies of a specific region of DNA
In PCR why is the DNA heated?
to split the DNA strand
there are 3 hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine?
true