DNA/RNA terms

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mRNA

carries the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

the two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA molecule are

deoxyribose, and phosphate

true or false? according to the principle of base pairing, hydrogen bonds could only form between adenine and cytosine

false

these amino acids are found

floating freely in the cytosol, in the cytoplasm

double stranded

found in DNA

remains in the nucleus

found in DNA

thymine

found in DNA

adenine

found in DNA and RNA

cytosine

found in DNA and RNA

guanine

found in DNA and RNA

moves out of the nucleus

found in RNA

single stranded

found in RNA

uracil

found in RNA

phosphate

found in both DNA and RNA

the type of sugar found in DNA

glucose

the nitrogen bases are held together in the center of the molecule by

hydrogen bonds

the RNA is then sent to the cytoplasm in the form of

mRNA

tRNA

reads the message and binds to the specific DNA to make the protein

the letters RNA stand for

ribonucleic acid

rRNA

Is the most abundant form of RNA and makes up ribosomes

what is the primary function of DNA

It is to determine the inherited traits of every organism, to store information needed to build protein

a combination of three

Nitrogen BASES is used as a code for each AMINO ACID

each codon calls for

ONE AMINO ACID

the term DNA stands for

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a

double helix

the process in which DNA builds an exact replicate of itself is known as

replication

the three parts of a nucleotide are

sugar backbone, phosphate, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

in RNA, adenine always pairs with the nitrogen base known as

uracil

if the sequence on the right hand of the DNA molecule was TAGGCTCA, the complimentary side would have a sequence of

ATCCGAGT

true to false? all amino acids are specifed by only one codon

false

DNA is composed of smaller subunits known as

nucleotides

translation

occurs in the ribosome in the cytoplasm, DNA in the nucleus tells the ribosomes which proteins to make and how to make them

proteins are made in the cytoplasm by cellular structures called

ribosomes

they are transported to the ribosomes by

tRNA

the process of making a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA Is called

transcription

the sequence of nucleotides in a mRNA is

TRANSLATED, into a sequence of tRNA

three ways that DNA is different from RNA

1) it forms a single strand sugar-phosphate chain 2) the sugar in it's nucleotides is ribose 3) the base thymine is replaced by the base uracil

when replication is complete, two

EXACT copies of the DNA molecule have been produced and the cell is ready to begin MITOSIS

DNA transcribes

RNA

ribose present

RNA

which nitrogen bases always pair with one another

A-T, C-G

A group of 3 nitrogen bases form a

CODON

this group of three bases is called a

CODON

deoxyribose

DNA

why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself

DNA must copy itself in order to have enough DNA for the cell to divide

during replication, the 2 nucleotides chains

SEPERATE

each chain serves as a

TEMPLATE for a new nucleotide chain

each codon is the code for one particular

AMINO ACID there are 64 different combinations

who are the two scientists that discovered the structure of the DNA molecule

Watson and Crick

proteins are composed of smaller units called

amino acids of which there are 20 different kinds, the functionality of the protein depends on its unique SHAPE which is determined by its amino acid sequence

the molecules that meet across the middle. forming the steps of the ladder, are known as

bases


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