DNA/RNA terms
mRNA
carries the information from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
the two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA molecule are
deoxyribose, and phosphate
true or false? according to the principle of base pairing, hydrogen bonds could only form between adenine and cytosine
false
these amino acids are found
floating freely in the cytosol, in the cytoplasm
double stranded
found in DNA
remains in the nucleus
found in DNA
thymine
found in DNA
adenine
found in DNA and RNA
cytosine
found in DNA and RNA
guanine
found in DNA and RNA
moves out of the nucleus
found in RNA
single stranded
found in RNA
uracil
found in RNA
phosphate
found in both DNA and RNA
the type of sugar found in DNA
glucose
the nitrogen bases are held together in the center of the molecule by
hydrogen bonds
the RNA is then sent to the cytoplasm in the form of
mRNA
tRNA
reads the message and binds to the specific DNA to make the protein
the letters RNA stand for
ribonucleic acid
rRNA
Is the most abundant form of RNA and makes up ribosomes
what is the primary function of DNA
It is to determine the inherited traits of every organism, to store information needed to build protein
a combination of three
Nitrogen BASES is used as a code for each AMINO ACID
each codon calls for
ONE AMINO ACID
the term DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA looks like a ladder twisted into a shape known as a
double helix
the process in which DNA builds an exact replicate of itself is known as
replication
the three parts of a nucleotide are
sugar backbone, phosphate, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
in RNA, adenine always pairs with the nitrogen base known as
uracil
if the sequence on the right hand of the DNA molecule was TAGGCTCA, the complimentary side would have a sequence of
ATCCGAGT
true to false? all amino acids are specifed by only one codon
false
DNA is composed of smaller subunits known as
nucleotides
translation
occurs in the ribosome in the cytoplasm, DNA in the nucleus tells the ribosomes which proteins to make and how to make them
proteins are made in the cytoplasm by cellular structures called
ribosomes
they are transported to the ribosomes by
tRNA
the process of making a strand of RNA from a strand of DNA Is called
transcription
the sequence of nucleotides in a mRNA is
TRANSLATED, into a sequence of tRNA
three ways that DNA is different from RNA
1) it forms a single strand sugar-phosphate chain 2) the sugar in it's nucleotides is ribose 3) the base thymine is replaced by the base uracil
when replication is complete, two
EXACT copies of the DNA molecule have been produced and the cell is ready to begin MITOSIS
DNA transcribes
RNA
ribose present
RNA
which nitrogen bases always pair with one another
A-T, C-G
A group of 3 nitrogen bases form a
CODON
this group of three bases is called a
CODON
deoxyribose
DNA
why is it so important that the DNA molecule be able to make copies of itself
DNA must copy itself in order to have enough DNA for the cell to divide
during replication, the 2 nucleotides chains
SEPERATE
each chain serves as a
TEMPLATE for a new nucleotide chain
each codon is the code for one particular
AMINO ACID there are 64 different combinations
who are the two scientists that discovered the structure of the DNA molecule
Watson and Crick
proteins are composed of smaller units called
amino acids of which there are 20 different kinds, the functionality of the protein depends on its unique SHAPE which is determined by its amino acid sequence
the molecules that meet across the middle. forming the steps of the ladder, are known as
bases
