Document Analysis Test Review
24. What is spurious signature?
A forgery made by a forger but is not like an established signature
37. What is the McNaughton rule?
Established not guilty by reason of insanity
25. What are some indications of spurious signature?
Evidence of tracing or prior drawing (like a forger's tremor), evenness and tremor, unnatural hesitations, blunt beginnings and endings
what is ink eradicator
bleach
what was not a solvent used when testing various inks
ether
23. What type of forgery method is superior to tracing?
freehand
other chemical can reveal changes in inks/writing?
iodine
a. American Society of Questioned Document Examiners
when document examiners are thoroughly trained, carefully tested, and professionally certified by forensic bodies.
43. During what war did the British counterfeit American money causing it to become worthless?
American Revolution
What society trains, tests, and certifies document analysis
American society of questioned document examiners
16. What types of files does the FBI maintain
Anonymous letter, forgalent check, bank robbery notes
11. Why should endorsements on the backs of checks not be used for a collected standard?
Because someone else could of endorsed the check
17. What are some forger's tricks used to disguise handwriting?
Change the direction of the slant (most common), writing upside down, altering size of writing, printing instead of cursive, and writing with the opposite hand
What about handwriting is individual characteristic?
Characteristics the writer develops
18. What makes digital print class and individual?
Class is type, make, model, and ink used. Individual is wearing of the type, face and faulty alignment
35. What are some criticisms of psychological testing?
Does not address legal issues, might not be accurate for one person, and does not represent psychological functioning at the time of the crime
What are the aspects of the first crime where handwriting was crucial to the case?
Dreyfus affair accused French army office
which bureau is used ot identify an ink and classify its approximate age
FBI ink standards collection
1. What types of documents does a questioned document examiner analyze
Forged checks, "poison pen" letters, ransom notes, disputed legal documents, altered ledgers, counterfeit identification papers
What book did Hagan write? Osborne write
Haygon-Disputed Handwriting Osborn- questioned documents
39. What are the different structures of personality?
Id - unorganized wants and desires, ego- who you strive to be, superego - unconsciousness
40. What is the difference between manifest and latent content?
Manifest is descriptive content and latent is interpretive content
What aspect of the Lindbergh kidnapping involved document analysis?
Ransom note
What is the difference between a requested standard and a collected standard?
Requested - when the investigator asks the suspect to write a statement. Collected - when samples obtained that has the suspects writing on it (ex. Signed checks)
What about handwriting is class characteristic?
The writing system learned
33. What agency keeps 7,000 samples of ink for comparison?
US secret service
29. What form of light causes fluorescence of changes in ink or documents?
UV light
36. How does the Rorschach Test look into a person's way of thinking and their personality traits?
Use interpretation of ink blots
j. Spurious Signature
a made-up signature in the forger's own or a disguised hand
e. Graphology
a pseudoscience that involves the supposed divining of personality from handwriting
which of the following was not used to help reveal your unknown messages from another groups
acetone
what French army officer was arrested, tried, and convicted of sping on the bsis of a forgedlttter that indicated he was a traitor
alfred dreyfus
22. What is a simple way to determine if a document like a will has been forged?
all signatures are exactly alike
what group is responsible for training, testing, and certifying document examiners
american society of questioned document examination
What race of people first considered handwriting an indicator of individuality?
ancient Jews
What identifying characteristics of handwriting include spacing, alignment, formatting, placement, and distinctive punctuations?
arrangement
30. What crimes use infrared light to help determine forgeries?
art
which expert was pivotal to the officer's conviction only for the conviction to be overturned 12 years later
bertillon
what was used to determine if a watermark was present in the samples of paper
bright light
what color does iodine turn when detecting a mechanical erasure
brownish
32. What method is used to separate inks for identification?
chromatography
what method was sued to determine the indentify of the unknown ink spot
chromatography
what process helps to distinguish inks form each other
chromatography
what method was used to help determine which pencil mark was made last
clay
48. What is responsible for the changing of the color from copper to green of the number on U.S. currency?
color shifting ink
what are inks
colored liquids that are composed of a number of substances and solvents
most of the work in the document section of the lab emphasizes what
comparison of materials and writing with known standards
46. What is written on the security thread that runs from top to bottom on U.S. currency?
denotation of the bill
what two boks were written in 1894 and 1910 to supply a scientific approach to document analysis
disputed handwriting and questioned documents
f. Iodine Fuming
enhances indented writing and reveal chemical and other erasures as well as develop latent fingerprints
careful analysis of documents such as wills or checks might indicate what
erasures, abnormal positioning of signatures, use of different handwriting
watermark
examination of a document by transmitted light involves illuminating it from behind, as by placing it on a light box, so that the light passes through the paper ( to see watermark)
i. Mechanical Forgery
forgery done with technology
12. What identifying characteristics of handwriting includes formation of letters, movement of writing, proportion, slant, retrace, angles, straight lines, and curves, connections, and trademarks?
form
wha is pencil "lead" made from
graphite and clay with kaolin
what do most of the examiners methods fall under the heading of
handwriting and typewriting comparison
how does one develop messages lef be organic liquids such as milk or lemon juice
heat the paper gently to clear the sugars
how can the watermark hlep a document examiner
help establish exact age of document and location of store selling the paper
what is an example of an ink that will oxidize in air to change oclor
iron gallontannate
who apparently took the first step toward the development of the science of handwriting comparison by recognizing the individuality that is inherent in handwriting
jews
31. What type of technology reveals subtleties in ink when other methods don't work
laser
21. What type of tracing uses backlighting to illuminate the signature?
light- box
what kidnapping was Bruno Hauptman convicted of wefre his handwriting on a ransom note was a key piece of evidence
lindbergh
13. What identifying characteristics of handwriting include shading, pen position, pen pressure, speed and rhythm, beginning/ending strokes, and continuity
line quality
what are the two types of erasures
mechanical and chemical
g. Light-Box
method used for tracing forgery. In this method, the original signature is placed under the sheet used for the forgery, while backlighting renders the writing visible through the overlying paper.
what makes pencil lead softer? harder?
more carbon or graphite there is the softer it is. the more clay the harder it is
15. When analyzing a document, should the document in question be first compared to the examplar?
no
50. Can you be reimbursed for finding a counterfeit bill?
no
what pencil was sued to make the unknown mark in the "determining teh softness of pencil marks" section of your lab
number one
which type of pencil created the softest mark
number one
d. Exemplar
older term used to designate standard writing that is offered in evidence or obtained on request for comparison purposes.
what was the identify of teh unknown black dot in the "analyzing black ink pens" section of your lab
papermate
38. What field has the FBI developed to aid in locating missing persons or help identify a criminal's characteristics?
personality profiling
28. What should be done when preparing document evidence for testimony?
photographs enlarged for testifying
what does document examination include
physical and chemical analysis of writing materials
what is handwriting the product of
physical movement of the hand and subconscious activity of the mind directing the hand
26. What type of mechanical placement uses optical systems like scanning?
projections
what is graphology
pseudoscience that involves the suppposed divining of presonality from handwriting
45. What are found woven through U.S. currency?
red and blue fibers
44. What branch of the government is responsible for making our currency safe and catching counterfeiters?
secret service
c. Forger's Tremor
shaky handwriting, usually coupled with other signs of forgery.
27. What type of mechanical placements uses tapelifting a signature with transparent tape?
signature splitting
what does a forgery made by tracing another person's name lack
smoothness of lines
b. Chromatography
the current standard forensic procedure for identifying inks
k. Trace-over
the faint outline of a genuine signature is transferred onto a sheet of paper placed underneath it by means of heavy pressure or the use of transfer paper.
What department did a study of twin's handwriting?
the postal service
h. Macroscopy
the scrutiny of things visible to the naked eye or with an ordinary magnifying glass
20. Which type of tracing creates an indentation by tracing over an existing signature?
trace over
19. What is the most amateurish means of forgery?
tracing
what is a watermark
translucent mark in the paper
different types of paper will exhibit definite properties
true
the amke and model of a machine can be identified by the FBI
true
water can be used as an invisible ink
true
what type of light can detect an erasure done by bleech
ultra violent light
what was used to read the flair ink word eradicated during the erasure experiemtn
ultra violent light
trademarks
very distinctive noncopybook features such as a plus sign used for "and " or the filling in of the space on a check between the written amount and the printed word "dollars" with a wavy line or a series of dots
47. What appears to the right side of the portrait when exposed to light?
water mark
49. What is the best way to tell if a coin is counterfeit?
weight
41. Can you later be deemed competent to stand trial if you were previously deemed incompetent?
yes