Document Analysis Test Review

24. What is spurious signature?

A forgery made by a forger but is not like an established signature

37. What is the McNaughton rule?

Established not guilty by reason of insanity

25. What are some indications of spurious signature?

Evidence of tracing or prior drawing (like a forger's tremor), evenness and tremor, unnatural hesitations, blunt beginnings and endings

what is ink eradicator

bleach

what was not a solvent used when testing various inks

ether

23. What type of forgery method is superior to tracing?

freehand

other chemical can reveal changes in inks/writing?

iodine

a. American Society of Questioned Document Examiners

when document examiners are thoroughly trained, carefully tested, and professionally certified by forensic bodies.

43. During what war did the British counterfeit American money causing it to become worthless?

American Revolution

What society trains, tests, and certifies document analysis

American society of questioned document examiners

16. What types of files does the FBI maintain

Anonymous letter, forgalent check, bank robbery notes

11. Why should endorsements on the backs of checks not be used for a collected standard?

Because someone else could of endorsed the check

17. What are some forger's tricks used to disguise handwriting?

Change the direction of the slant (most common), writing upside down, altering size of writing, printing instead of cursive, and writing with the opposite hand

What about handwriting is individual characteristic?

Characteristics the writer develops

18. What makes digital print class and individual?

Class is type, make, model, and ink used. Individual is wearing of the type, face and faulty alignment

35. What are some criticisms of psychological testing?

Does not address legal issues, might not be accurate for one person, and does not represent psychological functioning at the time of the crime

What are the aspects of the first crime where handwriting was crucial to the case?

Dreyfus affair accused French army office

which bureau is used ot identify an ink and classify its approximate age

FBI ink standards collection

1. What types of documents does a questioned document examiner analyze

Forged checks, "poison pen" letters, ransom notes, disputed legal documents, altered ledgers, counterfeit identification papers

What book did Hagan write? Osborne write

Haygon-Disputed Handwriting Osborn- questioned documents

39. What are the different structures of personality?

Id - unorganized wants and desires, ego- who you strive to be, superego - unconsciousness

40. What is the difference between manifest and latent content?

Manifest is descriptive content and latent is interpretive content

What aspect of the Lindbergh kidnapping involved document analysis?

Ransom note

What is the difference between a requested standard and a collected standard?

Requested - when the investigator asks the suspect to write a statement. Collected - when samples obtained that has the suspects writing on it (ex. Signed checks)

What about handwriting is class characteristic?

The writing system learned

33. What agency keeps 7,000 samples of ink for comparison?

US secret service

29. What form of light causes fluorescence of changes in ink or documents?

UV light

36. How does the Rorschach Test look into a person's way of thinking and their personality traits?

Use interpretation of ink blots

j. Spurious Signature

a made-up signature in the forger's own or a disguised hand

e. Graphology

a pseudoscience that involves the supposed divining of personality from handwriting

which of the following was not used to help reveal your unknown messages from another groups

acetone

what French army officer was arrested, tried, and convicted of sping on the bsis of a forgedlttter that indicated he was a traitor

alfred dreyfus

22. What is a simple way to determine if a document like a will has been forged?

all signatures are exactly alike

what group is responsible for training, testing, and certifying document examiners

american society of questioned document examination

What race of people first considered handwriting an indicator of individuality?

ancient Jews

What identifying characteristics of handwriting include spacing, alignment, formatting, placement, and distinctive punctuations?

arrangement

30. What crimes use infrared light to help determine forgeries?

art

which expert was pivotal to the officer's conviction only for the conviction to be overturned 12 years later

bertillon

what was used to determine if a watermark was present in the samples of paper

bright light

what color does iodine turn when detecting a mechanical erasure

brownish

32. What method is used to separate inks for identification?

chromatography

what method was sued to determine the indentify of the unknown ink spot

chromatography

what process helps to distinguish inks form each other

chromatography

what method was used to help determine which pencil mark was made last

clay

48. What is responsible for the changing of the color from copper to green of the number on U.S. currency?

color shifting ink

what are inks

colored liquids that are composed of a number of substances and solvents

most of the work in the document section of the lab emphasizes what

comparison of materials and writing with known standards

46. What is written on the security thread that runs from top to bottom on U.S. currency?

denotation of the bill

what two boks were written in 1894 and 1910 to supply a scientific approach to document analysis

disputed handwriting and questioned documents

f. Iodine Fuming

enhances indented writing and reveal chemical and other erasures as well as develop latent fingerprints

careful analysis of documents such as wills or checks might indicate what

erasures, abnormal positioning of signatures, use of different handwriting

watermark

examination of a document by transmitted light involves illuminating it from behind, as by placing it on a light box, so that the light passes through the paper ( to see watermark)

i. Mechanical Forgery

forgery done with technology

12. What identifying characteristics of handwriting includes formation of letters, movement of writing, proportion, slant, retrace, angles, straight lines, and curves, connections, and trademarks?

form

wha is pencil "lead" made from

graphite and clay with kaolin

what do most of the examiners methods fall under the heading of

handwriting and typewriting comparison

how does one develop messages lef be organic liquids such as milk or lemon juice

heat the paper gently to clear the sugars

how can the watermark hlep a document examiner

help establish exact age of document and location of store selling the paper

what is an example of an ink that will oxidize in air to change oclor

iron gallontannate

who apparently took the first step toward the development of the science of handwriting comparison by recognizing the individuality that is inherent in handwriting

jews

31. What type of technology reveals subtleties in ink when other methods don't work

laser

21. What type of tracing uses backlighting to illuminate the signature?

light- box

what kidnapping was Bruno Hauptman convicted of wefre his handwriting on a ransom note was a key piece of evidence

lindbergh

13. What identifying characteristics of handwriting include shading, pen position, pen pressure, speed and rhythm, beginning/ending strokes, and continuity

line quality

what are the two types of erasures

mechanical and chemical

g. Light-Box

method used for tracing forgery. In this method, the original signature is placed under the sheet used for the forgery, while backlighting renders the writing visible through the overlying paper.

what makes pencil lead softer? harder?

more carbon or graphite there is the softer it is. the more clay the harder it is

15. When analyzing a document, should the document in question be first compared to the examplar?

no

50. Can you be reimbursed for finding a counterfeit bill?

no

what pencil was sued to make the unknown mark in the "determining teh softness of pencil marks" section of your lab

number one

which type of pencil created the softest mark

number one

d. Exemplar

older term used to designate standard writing that is offered in evidence or obtained on request for comparison purposes.

what was the identify of teh unknown black dot in the "analyzing black ink pens" section of your lab

papermate

38. What field has the FBI developed to aid in locating missing persons or help identify a criminal's characteristics?

personality profiling

28. What should be done when preparing document evidence for testimony?

photographs enlarged for testifying

what does document examination include

physical and chemical analysis of writing materials

what is handwriting the product of

physical movement of the hand and subconscious activity of the mind directing the hand

26. What type of mechanical placement uses optical systems like scanning?

projections

what is graphology

pseudoscience that involves the suppposed divining of presonality from handwriting

45. What are found woven through U.S. currency?

red and blue fibers

44. What branch of the government is responsible for making our currency safe and catching counterfeiters?

secret service

c. Forger's Tremor

shaky handwriting, usually coupled with other signs of forgery.

27. What type of mechanical placements uses tapelifting a signature with transparent tape?

signature splitting

what does a forgery made by tracing another person's name lack

smoothness of lines

b. Chromatography

the current standard forensic procedure for identifying inks

k. Trace-over

the faint outline of a genuine signature is transferred onto a sheet of paper placed underneath it by means of heavy pressure or the use of transfer paper.

What department did a study of twin's handwriting?

the postal service

h. Macroscopy

the scrutiny of things visible to the naked eye or with an ordinary magnifying glass

20. Which type of tracing creates an indentation by tracing over an existing signature?

trace over

19. What is the most amateurish means of forgery?

tracing

what is a watermark

translucent mark in the paper

different types of paper will exhibit definite properties

true

the amke and model of a machine can be identified by the FBI

true

water can be used as an invisible ink

true

what type of light can detect an erasure done by bleech

ultra violent light

what was used to read the flair ink word eradicated during the erasure experiemtn

ultra violent light

trademarks

very distinctive noncopybook features such as a plus sign used for "and " or the filling in of the space on a check between the written amount and the printed word "dollars" with a wavy line or a series of dots

47. What appears to the right side of the portrait when exposed to light?

water mark

49. What is the best way to tell if a coin is counterfeit?

weight

41. Can you later be deemed competent to stand trial if you were previously deemed incompetent?

yes