Drug Abuse & Justice Final
A person who is sensitive to the effects of caffeine would be advised to take which of the following medications for a sinus headache?
Tylenol
What is the main drawback to the medical use of cannabis and THC synthetics?
a variety of regulatory barriers
How is nicotine primarily eliminated from the body?
urine
Earliest use of psilocybe mushrooms was by what group?
Aztec and Mayan people
How does dessert wine differ from regular red wine?
Higher alcohol content
Opium is considered the prototype for which of the following drug responses?
addiction
Opiates act on the brain's receptors for which of the following neurotransmitters?
endorphins
José is drinking coffee that has the strongest amount of caffeine per ounce. What kind of coffee is he drinking?
espresso
Freebase cocaine is made by mixing street cocaine with what other drug?.
ether
From a public health point of view, what is the definition of "heavy" drinking?
experiencing negative consequences of drinking
Salvia is inactive when taken how?
orally
Because alcohol affects performance on tasks that require psychomotor skills, several groups have recommended that the legal level of intoxication be uniform across the United States at what BAC?
0.05%
At what BAC does an individual typically experience major impairment in gross motor functions like standing and walking?
0.15
The distribution half-life of nicotine is how long?
10-20 minutes
A blood alcohol concentration number is based on the amount of alcohol in what unit of blood?
100 milliliters
A beverage that is 60% alcohol by volume is what proof?
120
Fermented beverages have an alcohol content no higher than what percentage?
15%
After an individual consumes caffeine, how long does it take for caffeine levels to peak?
15-45 minutes
During which time period would you first see widespread use of hallucinogenic drugs?
1960s
If you went back in time, in which year would you see the most people smoking in the United States?
1963
The principal psychoactive agent in cannabis was isolated in what year?
1964
The Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, which required warning labels to be placed on cigarette packages, originally took effect in what year?
1966
LSD use in the United States began to decline in the 1970s and did not increase again until when?
1990s
How many of the 60 species of the genus Nicotiana can be used for human consumption?
2
For how many years was tobacco thought to have medical value?
350
How long is a dose of Ritalin effective in a child who has ADHD?
4 hours
NIDA's 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that about what percentage of Americans have used marijuana at least once?
44%
About how many Americans suffer premature deaths related to smoking every year?
480,000
How many ounces of table wine is considered to be a standard drink?
5
In the United States, 20 ounces of a beverage that is 25% ethanol contains how many ounces of alcohol?
5
A longitudinal research study found that the death rate for heroin addicts is at least how many times higher than the death rate for the general population?
50
Based on research, after how many days did rhesus monkeys' self-administration of heroin begin to show a sharp increase?
50
How soon will a regular heroin user begin to show signs of withdrawal following their last dose?
8 hours
Estimates are that what percentage of the world's population regularly consumes products containing caffeine?
90%
The earliest known use of marijuana for its pharmacological properties occurred in 2800 b.c. in what country?
China
How has the rate of prescriptions for stimulants to treat ADHD changed since 1990?
It has increased five-fold.
How does caffeine affect human task performance?
It increases performance in some areas and decreases it in others
How does the United States' consumption of caffeine compare to the world average?
It is more than twice as much.
What drug is regularly used in veterinary medicine?
Ketamine
Most of the cocaine that enters the United States comes from where?
Latin America
All night parties or raves have become associated with which of the following drugs?
MDMA
What drug was designed for treatment of severe pain and involves a time-release of high doses of painkiller?
Opana
In the early years after the Europeans were first introduced to tobacco use, which country held a monopoly on the world market?
Spain
Research on the use of nicotine replacement therapies leads to what conclusion?
There are no demonstrable differences in effectiveness among different nicotine replacement therapies.
The peak heart rate following smoking marijuana is reached when?
about 20 minutes after smoking
Individuals who suffer from what disorder should be careful when using caffeine?
anxiety
Combinations of heroin and what other drug would result in synergy?
benzodiazepine
Based on a 2025 United Nations survey, what percentage of people worldwide use marijuana?
between 2.7 and 4.9%
How many cigarettes smoked in succession will cause a smoker to feel satiated based on neural receptor response?
between two and three cigarettes
A medication intended to increase respiratory stimulation in premature infants would be most likely to include what substance?
caffeine
High levels of nicotine are maintained longer when ingested via which of the following?
chewing tobacco
"Crack" is an injectable form of what substance?
cocaine
The formication syndrome is associated with the use of amphetamines and what other drug??
cocaine
The physiological and behavioral effects of amphetamines are most similar to those of what?
cocaine
A toxic compound called cocaethylene forms when a person takes which of the following drugs in combination?
cocaine and alcohol
In the United States, caffeine is most often consumed in what form?
coffee
According to the study conducted by Marks & Kelly, which of the following is most likely to still be at close to peak level 2 hours after consumption?
cola
An early use for heroin was as a treatment for what ailment?
coughs
How do high doses of marijuana affect a person's sleep?
decrease in REM sleep
Cocaine and amphetamines both cause what reaction in the body?
decreased appetite
How does caffeine affect eye-hand coordination?
decreases
The abstinence syndrome produced upon cocaine withdrawal consists of which of the following symptoms?
depression
What drug is often used as a cough suppressant?
dextromethorphan
In what kind of tolerance must a person consume increasing quantities of alcohol in order to maintain a certain BAC?
dispositional
Caffeine has been used in a variety of medications to produce what?
diuresis
The depression that follows heavy use of cocaine is thought to be related to what factor?
dopamine depletion
Marijuana's effects on psychomotor activity and performance appear to be related to what?
dosage
A sudden reoccurrence of a hallucinogenic experience is called what?
flashback
Most opiate withdrawal symptoms are best characterized as what?
flu-like in nature
PCP is thought to act by influencing receptors for what neurotransmitter?
glutamate
Based on current research findings showing limited effectiveness of cannabis, which of the following medical uses of marijuana warrants additional study?
improving symptoms of PTSD
Alcohol inhibits the secretion of antidiuretic hormone, causing what result?
increased urination
Korsakoff's syndrome
is caused primarily by alcohol abuse.
The concept of tobacco as therapeutic agent took a serious blow when Posselt and Reimann did what?
isolated nicotine
The stimulants known as "bath salts" are synthetic analogues of a compound found in what plant?
khat
The finding that experienced users are more sensitive to cannabis effects than novice smokers is probably due to what factor?
learning
Over 90% of the alcohol absorbed is metabolized in what part of the body?
liver
A recent study indicates that an ingredient in coffee appears to protect against what ailment?
liver cirrhosis
Caffeine is primarily excreted from the body in what form?
metabolites
Children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often treated with what drug?
methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Caffeine is one of three naturally occurring compounds known as what?
methylxanthines
The long-term effects of stimulant use involve depletion of what?
monoamines
Marijuana cigarettes contain how much tar as compared to tobacco cigarettes?
more tar than tobacco cigarettes
For which of the following conditions does current medical research support administration of marijuana?
multiple sclerosis
A heroin overdose can be treated with what substance?
naloxone
Research has clearly shown that marijuana use can result in irreversible, long-term damage to how many systems in the body?
none
Opiate drugs cause which of the following effects?
pain relief
The use of what substance in cold medications is now strictly regulated as a result of the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act?
pseudoephedrine
What substance has been found to reduce anxiety and depression in advanced cancer patients?
psilocybin
Almost all marijuana smokers eventually enter a stage of what?
relaxation
Endorphin release is produced by what?
sedentary behaviors
The major medical use for opiate drugs is the treatment of what problem?
severe pain
The substance known as AMP in the 1980s and now also known as "dank" is made how?
soaking marijuana in embalming fluid and then drying it
Fermentation begins when what substance is dissolved in water and exposed to air?
sugar
People who see sounds as colors have what condition?
synesthesia
Ayahuasca is thought by some native South American tribes to produce what effect?
telepathic effects
Opium was first used by what people?
the Sumerians and Assyrians
How long does it take to develop the first signs of nicotine tolerance?
the first time smoking
Nicotine is most readily absorbed from what part of the body?
the lungs
Alcohol works as a peripheral dilator, causing what result?
the skin to feel warm and turn red
