drug use and abuse chapter 8

Peak levels of caffeine after taking a dose occur in

15-45 minutes

What proportion of 12-year-old children regularly consume energy drinks

25%

Symptoms of caffeinism have been shown to appear after _____ mg of caffeine has been consumed

250

The half-life of caffeine in the blood ranges from

3-7 hours

What is the minimum daily intake threshold for developing caffeinism

600 milligrams

Wanda has been working nonstop to prepare her senior project for the review committee, drinking coffee to maintain her energy. After a few days, she noticed that her leg muscles were twitching and her ears were ringing. What would be the fewest number of coffees Wanda has had per day to cause these symptoms

8

Heather has decided to do a body "cleanse" for the spring. She has healthy eating habits, so all Heather really did was to stop drinking five or six cups of coffee a day. What is she likely experiencing two days into her cleanse

headache

The most commonly reported symptom of withdrawal from caffeine is

headaches

The __________ does most of the metabolizing of caffeine

liver

Which of the following terms best reflects the role of caffeine on the task performance of an individual

maintienance

Caffeine is primarily excreted from the body as

metabolites

family of chemicals classified as alkaloids

methylxanthine

Withdrawal from caffeine lasts about

one week

loss of bone mass that can be measured by bone mineral density

osteoporosis

belief about caffeine intake that has fallen out of favor

phosphodiesterase theory

Generally, caffeine is considered to be

safe but its use should be moderated

Which term best describes the role of caffeine in an over-the-counter cold medicine

secondary

After consumption, the concentration of caffeine is

similar throughout the body

carbonated, nonalcoholic beverage that is the major source of caffeine for children

soft drink

What is caffeine's primary action

stimulation of CNS activity

very mild central nervous system stimulant that may be found in milk chocolate

theobromine

mild central nervous system stimulant that may be found in tea

theophylline

demeanor characterized with hypermasculine attitudes and excessive risk taking

toxic jock behavior

Because of the infrequency of acute caffeine overexposure and the lack of adverse chronic effects of its use, caffeine is considered a relatively safe drug

true

Consuming an excessive amount of caffeine can produce symptoms such as ringing in the ears and seeing flashes of light

true

Drinking coffee may prevent the development of dementia in some people

true

One effect of caffeine use is mood elevation

true

Street drugs such as cocaine and heroin often contain caffeine as filler

true

If someone is sensitive to the effects of caffeine, which over-the-counter medication should they take for pain

tylenol

Which term best characterizes the use of caffeine globally

universal

Which of the following terms best reflects caffeine's effects on performance

variable

The effects of caffeine are caused by its blockage of receptors for which neurotransmitter

Adenosine

caffeine intoxication

Caffeinism

José is drinking coffee that has the strongest amount of caffeine per ounce. What kind of coffee is he drinking

Espresso

About half the world's population consumes caffeine regularly

False

Caffeine crosses the placenta and poses a danger to the health of a fetus

False

Caffeine has little medical value

False

Caffeine is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier

False

Caffeine metabolism and excretion is slower in people who have used caffeine over a longer period of time

False

Caffeine's long-term effects on children are well understood

False

Individuals who smoke tend to metabolize caffeine more slowly than those who do not smoke

False

Overall, caffeine seems to be a safe drug for everybody

False

So many people use coffee and tea without apparent difficulty that people obviously do not become physically dependent on caffeine

False

There are major subgroup differences in caffeine use in the United States

False

inhibitory neurotransmitter produced by the body

adenosine

most accepted belief that explains caffeine's acute effects

adenosine hypothesis

When can physical dependence on caffeine develop

after three consecutive days of regular use

Coffee consumption may help prevent

all of the above ( liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease)

Individuals who suffer from what disorder should be careful when using caffeine

anxiety

The diuretic effects of caffeine have led to its inclusion in

appetite suppressant medications

The diuretic effects of caffeine have led to its use in what type of medication

appetite suppressants

In terms of caffeine concentration, how do standard energy drinks compare to a cup of brewed coffee

half as much

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the risk of dying from drinking coffee

Coffee drinkers are less likely to die from various diseases

How does caffeine affect human task performance

It increases performance in some areas and decreases it in others.

Caffeine is one of three naturally occurring compounds known as the

Methylxanthines

Which country has the lowest rate of per capita caffeine consumption

Nigeria

Which gene is believed to impact how receptive a person is to the effects of caffeine

PDSS2

gene that modulates coffee consumption

PDSS2

Tea contains ________ as well as caffeine

Theophylline

Caffeine's stimulant effects seem to be reinforcing in humans

True

In dose of caffeine consumed, young children have the highest exposure to caffeine, after adults aged 18 and older

True

There is evidence that people can get intoxicated on caffeine

True

What hypothesis is the most widely accepted explanation of caffeine's acute effects

adenosine

A thousand years ago, residents of a village in what is now Central America would likely be enjoying the benefits of caffeine from ingesting

cacao

central nervous system stimulant that may be found in many types of beverages

caffeine

syndrome whose symptoms include headache and fatigue

caffeine withdrawal

Caffeine has been used in a variety of medications to produce

cerebral stimulation and diuresis only

Which of the following does not slow the process of caffeine metabolism and excretion

cigarette smoking

substance commonly used nonmedically by young children and adults alike

cradle-to-grave drug

Regular intake of coffee seems to have a preventive role for which of the following diseases

dementia

In the past 60 years, consumption of soft drinks in the United States has

doubled

Laura's mother and grandmother both suffered from osteoporosis in their later years. Laura drinks a lot of coffee and recently read about a link between caffeine and the disease. She knows, however, that she cannot give up her coffee drinking. What should Laura do to counteract the risk presented by caffeine

eat more dairy products

beverage that contains large doses of caffeine

energy drink

Megan is ordering beverages to be consumed by attendees at a large event. Based on typical consumption rates in the U.S., which type of beverage should she order the least amount of

energy drinks

Combining Red Bull and alcohol reduces the harmful effects of alcohol on motor performance

false