Drugs for muscle spasm

peripherally acting muscle relaxants

dantrolene(dantrium)

treatments of muscle spasm - therapy

drug therapy, analgesic anti-inflammatory (asprin), centrally acting muscle relaxant(diazepan, tizandine)

causes of muscle spasm

epilepsy, hypocalcemia, pain syndromes, trauma

centrally acting muscle relaxants -adverse effects

generalized CNS depression hepatic toxicity physical dependence

metaxalone, tiazanidine - adverse effects

hepatic toxicity (jaundice, anorexia, abdominal pain)

dantrole adverse effects

hepatic toxicity, muscle weakness, drowsiness, diarrhea, acne-like rash

treatment of spasm -physical measure

immobilization of affected muscle, cold compression, whirlpool baths, physical therapy

muscle spasm is

involuntary contraction of muscle or muscle group

spasticity what is it?

movemoent disorders of CNS origin most causes: MS and cerebral palsy =heightened muscle tone, spasm, loss of dexterity

2 groups that cause skeletal muscle relaxation

one group localized muscle spasm other group for spasticity

Baclofen - thera use

reduces spasticity associated with MS, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, decreases flexor and extensor spasms, suppresses resistance to passive movement no direct effect on skeletal muscle

cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone, tiazanidine - thera use

relief of muscle spasm r/t muscle injury

centrally acting muscle relaxants -thera use

relieve local muscle spasm decrease range of muscle pain no studies to indicate superiority of one drug over another

diazepam adverse effect

sedation

dantrolene thera use

spasticity associated with MS, carebral palsy, spinal cord injury malignant hypethermia

centrally acting muscle relaxants

Diazepam tizanidine

tizanidine- mech of action

MAO inhibitor through agonist action at presynaptic alpha2 receptors

diazepam - mech of action

MAO thru enhancing effects of GABA

dantrolene mech of action

acts directly on skeletal muscles suppresses realease of Ca+ from SR

Bclofen (lioresal) - mechanism

acts in the spinal cord, suppresses hyperactive reflexes, may mimic GABA on spinal neurons

diazepam - mech of action

acts on CNS, mimics GABA

3 drugs for spascitity

baclofen(acts on CNS) diazepam(Acts on CNS) dantrolene(smooth muscles)

centrally acting muscle relaxants

baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone, tiazandine

baclofen - adverse effects

urinary retention, GI symptoms(N/V), CNS depressant, abrupt withdrawal (rhabdomyolysis, altered mental status, multiple organ failure)