Drugs for muscle spasm
peripherally acting muscle relaxants
dantrolene(dantrium)
treatments of muscle spasm - therapy
drug therapy, analgesic anti-inflammatory (asprin), centrally acting muscle relaxant(diazepan, tizandine)
causes of muscle spasm
epilepsy, hypocalcemia, pain syndromes, trauma
centrally acting muscle relaxants -adverse effects
generalized CNS depression hepatic toxicity physical dependence
metaxalone, tiazanidine - adverse effects
hepatic toxicity (jaundice, anorexia, abdominal pain)
dantrole adverse effects
hepatic toxicity, muscle weakness, drowsiness, diarrhea, acne-like rash
treatment of spasm -physical measure
immobilization of affected muscle, cold compression, whirlpool baths, physical therapy
muscle spasm is
involuntary contraction of muscle or muscle group
spasticity what is it?
movemoent disorders of CNS origin most causes: MS and cerebral palsy =heightened muscle tone, spasm, loss of dexterity
2 groups that cause skeletal muscle relaxation
one group localized muscle spasm other group for spasticity
Baclofen - thera use
reduces spasticity associated with MS, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, decreases flexor and extensor spasms, suppresses resistance to passive movement no direct effect on skeletal muscle
cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone, tiazanidine - thera use
relief of muscle spasm r/t muscle injury
centrally acting muscle relaxants -thera use
relieve local muscle spasm decrease range of muscle pain no studies to indicate superiority of one drug over another
diazepam adverse effect
sedation
dantrolene thera use
spasticity associated with MS, carebral palsy, spinal cord injury malignant hypethermia
centrally acting muscle relaxants
Diazepam tizanidine
tizanidine- mech of action
MAO inhibitor through agonist action at presynaptic alpha2 receptors
diazepam - mech of action
MAO thru enhancing effects of GABA
dantrolene mech of action
acts directly on skeletal muscles suppresses realease of Ca+ from SR
Bclofen (lioresal) - mechanism
acts in the spinal cord, suppresses hyperactive reflexes, may mimic GABA on spinal neurons
diazepam - mech of action
acts on CNS, mimics GABA
3 drugs for spascitity
baclofen(acts on CNS) diazepam(Acts on CNS) dantrolene(smooth muscles)
centrally acting muscle relaxants
baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone, tiazandine
baclofen - adverse effects
urinary retention, GI symptoms(N/V), CNS depressant, abrupt withdrawal (rhabdomyolysis, altered mental status, multiple organ failure)