CHEM 31 - Chapter 1 (For Exam #1)

37. Carry out the following conversions: (b) 12.0 kL to megaliters

0.012 ML(1.2 x 10⁻² mL)

H. The recommended dosage for children's Tylenol is 12 mg of medication for every kilogram of bodyweight a. How many grams of Tylenol is required per kilogram of bodyweight?

0.012 g

H. The recommended dosage for children's Tylenol is 12 mg of medication for every kilogram of bodyweight e. If a sample of children's Tylenol has a density of 1.31 g/mL, what volume in liters (L) will have a mass of 20.0 grams?

0.0153 L

42. Calculate the specific heat of copper if it takes 23 cal (96 J) to heat a 5.0 g sample from 25 °C to 75 °C.

0.092 cal/g °C

43. Aspirin has a density of 1.40 g/cm^3. What is the volume in cubic centimeters of a tablet weighing 250. mg?

0.179 cm³

36. Perform the following calculations and express the answer to the correct number of significant figures. (Do NOT forget to include the units) (c) 2.50 g ÷ 8.3 g/cm3

0.30 cm³

C. Convert 32°F to Celcius

0°C

33. How many significant figures are there in each of the following quantities? (d) The diameter of an influenza virus, 0.000 01 mm

1 sig fig

28. How many nanograms are in 1 mg? In 35 pg? (1012 pg or picogram = 1 g) (109 ng = 1 g or 1 ng = 10-9 g) (1000 mg = 1 g)

1 x 10⁶ ng 0.035 ng

29. How many microliters(μL) are in 1 L? In 20. mL? (1000 mL = 1 L) (106 μL = 1L or 1 μL = 10-6 L)

1 x 10⁶ μL 2.0 x 10⁴ μL

32. How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have? (e) 70,000

1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 sig figs

30. Express the following numbers in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures: (d) 0.012 349

1.2349 x 10⁻²

45. Drug dosages are typically prescribed in units of milligrams per kilogram of body weight. A new drug has a recommended dosage of 9.0 mg/ kg. (1 pound = 453.6 grams ) (b) How many 125 mg tablets should a 40 lb child take to receive the recommended dosage?

1.3 tablets

37. Carry out the following conversions: (c) 14.4 μm to kilometers

1.44 x 10⁻⁸ km

37. Carry out the following conversions: (f) 1.5 x 10⁻² km to centimeters

1.5 x 10³ cm

M. Drug dosages are typically prescribed in units of milligrams of drug per kilogram of body weight. A new drug has a recommended dosage of 9.00 mg drug/kg bodyweight. b. How many 125 mg tablets should a 40 lb child take to receive the recommended dosage? Conversion factors for the following problems: (1 kg = 1000 g, 454 g = 1 pound, 1 gallon = 3.7854 liters)

1.5,2 tablets

37. Carry out the following conversions: (e) 174.5 mL to deciliters

1.745 dL

G. Carry out the following mathematical operations and provide the answer using the appropriate number of significant figures. a. 87.965 + 23.20 =

111.17

L. An individual suffering from a high cholesterol level in her blood has 232 mg of cholesterol per 100 mL of blood. If the total blood volume of the individual is 5.2 L, how many grams of total blood cholesterol does the individual contain. Conversion factors for the following problems: (1 kg = 1000 g, 454 g = 1 pound, 1 gallon = 3.7854 liters)

12 g cholesterol

H. The recommended dosage for children's Tylenol is 12 mg of medication for every kilogram of bodyweight d. How many times could one 4.0 oz bottle of Tylenol be used to treat a 51 pound patient with a fever?

13 times

36. Perform the following calculations and express the answer to the correct number of significant figures. (Do NOT forget to include the units) (b) 4.5 m x 3.25 m

15 m²

Carry out the following mathematical operations and provide the answer using the appropriate number of significant figures. b. 524.2 x 3.1415 =

1647

Carry out the following mathematical operations and provide the answer using the appropriate number of significant figures. d. 22.11 - 15.5 + 144 ÷ 12 =

19

32. How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have? (f) 330

2 or 3 sig figs

30. Express the following numbers in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures: (c) 20,000,000,000 (four significant figures)

2.000 x 10¹⁰

H. The recommended dosage for children's Tylenol is 12 mg of medication for every kilogram of bodyweight b. How much Tylenol (in mg) should be administered to a sick child weighing 51 pounds (lbs)?

2.8 x 10^2 mg

38. Express the following quantities in more convenient units by using SI unit prefixes (convenient means no scientific notation is needed, a SI unit is used instead): (d) 2.99 x 10⁸ cm

2.99 mm

38. Express the following quantities in more convenient units by using SI unit prefixes (convenient means no scientific notation is needed, a SI unit is used instead): (b) 2.44 x 10⁻⁴ L

244 μL

41. Aluminum has a specific heat of 0.215 cal/ (g ·°C). When 25.7 cal (108.5 J) of heat is added to 18.4 g of aluminum at 20.0 °C, what is the final temperature of the aluminum?

26.5 °C

A. Convert 0°C to Kelvin.

273 K

D. Convert 32°F to Kelvin

273 K

B. Convert 25°C to Kelvin

298 K

32. How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have? (b) 0.040 0

3 sig figs

32. How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have? (c) 5.02

3 sig figs

36. Perform the following calculations and express the answer to the correct number of significant figures. (Do NOT forget to include the units) (a) 5280 ft/mi x 6.2 mi

3.3 x 10⁴ ft

37. Carry out the following conversions: (a) 3.614 mg to nanograms

3.614 x 10⁶ ng

H. The recommended dosage for children's Tylenol is 12 mg of medication for every kilogram of bodyweight c. An average bottle of Tylenol contains 4.0 oz of liquid. How many milligrams of medication are contained in each bottle if 2.5 mL of the liquid contains 80.0 mg of medication.

3.8 x 10^3 mg

K. What volume of isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) would you use if you needed 25.0 g? The density of isopropyl alcohol is 0.7855 g/ mL at 20 °C.

31.8 mL

E. Your child is running a fever of 103.5 °F. What is this temperature in Celsius and Kelvin.

39.7°C, 312.9 K

32. How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have? (d) 355.5

4 sig figs

33. How many significant figures are there in each of the following quantities? (a) The distance from San Francisco to London, UK, 5,351 miles.

4 sig figs

33. How many significant figures are there in each of the following quantities? (b) The average body temperature of a cat is 101.5 °F.

4 sig figs

33. How many significant figures are there in each of the following quantities? (c) The melting point of gold, 1,948 °F.

4 sig figs

33. How many significant figures are there in each of the following quantities? (e) The circumference of the moon, 6,786 miles.

4 sig figs

F. A body temperature above 107°F can be fatal. What does 107°F correspond to on the Celsius and Kelvin Scale.

42°C, 315 K

Carry out the following mathematical operations and provide the answer using the appropriate number of significant figures. e. 15 + 3(12-2) + 9/3.5 =

48

45. Drug dosages are typically prescribed in units of milligrams per kilogram of body weight. A new drug has a recommended dosage of 9.0 mg/ kg. (1 pound = 453.6 grams ) (a) How many milligrams would a 130 lb woman have to take to obtain this dosage?

5.3 x 10² mg of drug

M. Drug dosages are typically prescribed in units of milligrams of drug per kilogram of body weight. A new drug has a recommended dosage of 9.00 mg drug/kg bodyweight. a. How many milligrams of drug would a 130 lb woman have to take to obtain this dosage? Conversion factors for the following problems: (1 kg = 1000 g, 454 g = 1 pound, 1 gallon = 3.7854 liters)

531 mg of drug

32. How many significant figures does each of the following numbers have? (a) 732,401

6 sig figs

30. Express the following numbers in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures: (e) 654.32

6.5432 x 10²

Carry out the following mathematical operations and provide the answer using the appropriate number of significant figures. c. 6.30 x 103 + 4.12 x 102 =

6.71 x 10^3

37. Carry out the following conversions: (d) 6.03 x 10^-6 cg to nanograms

60.3 ng

39. The speed limit of a Canadian highway is 100. km/ h. (3 sig figs) (1.60934 km = 1 mile, 1000 m = 1 km, 100 cm = 1 m, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in) (a) How many miles per hour is this?

61.6 mph

38. Express the following quantities in more convenient units by using SI unit prefixes (convenient means no scientific notation is needed, a SI unit is used instead): (c) 0.000 000 000 64 g

640 pg

J. What weight of gasoline in pounds are you putting in your car if you fill the tank up with 45 L? (density of gasoline = 0.671 g/mL)

67 pounds

30. Express the following numbers in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures: (b) 0.000 07

7 x 10⁻⁵

N. Approximately 75 mL of blood is pumped by a normal human heart at each beat. Assuming an average pulse of 72 beats per minute, how many milliliters of blood are pumped in one day? Conversion factors for the following problems: (1 kg = 1000 g, 454 g = 1 pound, 1 gallon = 3.7854 liters)

7.8 x 106 mL blood

47. Approximately 75 mL of blood is pumped by a normal human heart at each beat. Assuming an average pulse of 72 beats per minute, how many milliliters of blood are pumped in one day?

7.8 x 10⁶ mL of blood/day

I. Chloroform, once used as an anesthetic agent, has a density of 1.474 g/mL. What volume would you use if you needed 12.37 g.

8.392 mL

36. Perform the following calculations and express the answer to the correct number of significant figures. (Do NOT forget to include the units) (d) 4.70 cm x 6.8 cm x 2.540 cm

81 cm³

38. Express the following quantities in more convenient units by using SI unit prefixes (convenient means no scientific notation is needed, a SI unit is used instead): (a) 8.97 x 10⁴ g

89.7 kg

30. Express the following numbers in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures: (a) 9457

9.547 x 10³

39. The speed limit of a Canadian highway is 100. km/ h. (3 sig figs) (1.60934 km = 1 mile, 1000 m = 1 km, 100 cm = 1 m, 1 in = 2.54 cm, 1 ft = 12 in) (b) How many feet per second?

91.1 ft/sec

O. Your car's gas tank holds 70.4 liters of gas and is on third full (assume 2 sig figs). Your car gets 16 miles/gallon. You see a sign saying, "next gas 100 miles". Your often-wrong brother, who is driving, is sure you'll make it without running out of gas. Your not so sure but you are a chemistry student and do some quick figuring: (1.00 gallon = 3.7854 liters) Calculate how many miles your car will travel on one third of a tank of gas. Conversion factors for the following problems: (1 kg = 1000 g, 454 g = 1 pound, 1 gallon = 3.7854 liters)

99 miles

8. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?

A physical change does NOT alter the identity of a substance (such as ice melting, or sugar dissolving in water). A chemical change does change the identity of a substance (like paper burning);A physical change doesn't change the chemical composition of a substance, but a chemical change does.

24. What is the difference between a physical quantity and a number?

A physical quantity is a property that can be measured such as the mass, volume, or temperature. A number on its own is not very useful unless it is paired with a unit.

17. What are the symbols for the following elements? (e) Arsenic

As

10. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (b) Frying eggs

Chemical change

10. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (c) Burning a candle

Chemical change

10. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (e) Leaves changing color

Chemical change

10. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (f) Fruit ripening

Chemical change

9. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (b) Decomposing water by passing an electric current through it

Chemical change

9. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (c) Exploding of potassium metal when placed in water

Chemical change

14. Which of these terms, (i), homogeneous mixture, (ii) heterogeneous mixture, (iii) element, (iv) chemical compound, applies to the following substances (c) Distilled Water

Chemical compound

14. Which of these terms, (i), homogeneous mixture, (ii) heterogeneous mixture, (iii) element, (iv) chemical compound, applies to the following substances (f) Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)

Chemical compound

22. Write the formula for: (a) ibuprofen: 13 carbons, 18 hydrogens, and 2 oxygens.

C₁₃H₁₈O₂

22. Write the formula for: (b) Flonase: 25 carbons, 31 hydrogens, 3 fluorines, 5 oxygens, 1 sulfur

C₂⁵H₃₁F₃O₅S

14. Which of these terms, (i), homogeneous mixture, (ii) heterogeneous mixture, (iii) element, (iv) chemical compound, applies to the following substances (h) Silicon

Element

15. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), often used in solutions to cleanse cuts and scrapes, breaks down to yield water (H2O) and oxygen(O2): 2H2O2 (aq) → 2H2O (l) + O2 (g) (b) Which of the substances are chemical compounds, and which are elements?

Elements: oxygen (O₂) Chemical compounds: hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and water (H₂O)

16. When sodium metal (Na) is placed in water (H2O), hydrogen gas (H2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are formed. Na (s) + H2O (l) → H2 (g) + NaOH (aq) (b) Which of the substances are chemical compounds, and which are elements?

Elements: sodium (Na) and hydrogen gas (H₂) Chemical Compounds: water (H₂O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

14. Which of these terms, (i), homogeneous mixture, (ii) heterogeneous mixture, (iii) element, (iv) chemical compound, applies to the following substances (b) soil

Heterogeneous mixture

14. Which of these terms, (i), homogeneous mixture, (ii) heterogeneous mixture, (iii) element, (iv) chemical compound, applies to the following substances (d) Bag of M&M's

Heterogeneous mixture

14. Which of these terms, (i), homogeneous mixture, (ii) heterogeneous mixture, (iii) element, (iv) chemical compound, applies to the following substances (g) pepperoni pizza

Heterogeneous mixture

14. Which of these terms, (i), homogeneous mixture, (ii) heterogeneous mixture, (iii) element, (iv) chemical compound, applies to the following substances (a) Gasoline

Homogeneous mixture

14. Which of these terms, (i), homogeneous mixture, (ii) heterogeneous mixture, (iii) element, (iv) chemical compound, applies to the following substances (e) Blood

Homogeneous mixture

15. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), often used in solutions to cleanse cuts and scrapes, breaks down to yield water (H2O) and oxygen(O2): 2H2O2 (aq) → 2H2O (l) + O2 (g) (c) What is the state of each substance, solid, liquid, gas, or dissolved in water?

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is dissolved in water Water (H₂O) is a liquid Oxygen (O₂) is a gas

12. Name two changes of state and describe what causes each to occur

Ice melting, water boiling, both due to an increase in the temperature)

25. What are the units used in the metric system to measure mass, volume, length, and temperature?

Mass - Gram(g) Volume - Liter(L) Length - Meter(m) Temperature - Celsius degree(°C)

25. What are the units used in the SI system to measure mass, volume, length, and temperature?

Mass - Kilogram (kg) Volume - Cubic meter (m³) Length - Meter(m) Temperature - Kelvin(K)

13. Classify each of the following as a mixture or a pure substance. (a) Pea soup

Mixture

13. Classify each of the following as a mixture or a pure substance. (c) Urine

Mixture

13. Classify each of the following as a mixture or a pure substance. (d) A multivitamin

Mixture

13. Classify each of the following as a mixture or a pure substance. (e) sea water

Mixture

18. Supply the missing names or symbols for the elements in the spaces provided: (f) __________ Manganese

Mn

10. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (a) Making lemonade (lemons + water + sugar)

Physical change

10. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (d) Whipping cream

Physical change

9. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (a) Boiling water

Physical change

9. Which of the following is a physical change and which is a chemical change? (d) Breaking of glass

Physical change

13. Classify each of the following as a mixture or a pure substance. (b) The contents of a propane tank

Pure substance

13. Classify each of the following as a mixture or a pure substance. (f) Lead

Pure substance

15. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), often used in solutions to cleanse cuts and scrapes, breaks down to yield water (H2O) and oxygen(O2): 2H2O2 (aq) → 2H2O (l) + O2 (g) (a) Identify the reactants and products

Reactants: hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) Products: water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂)

16. When sodium metal (Na) is placed in water (H2O), hydrogen gas (H2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are formed. Na (s) + H2O (l) → H2 (g) + NaOH (aq) (a) Identify the reactants and products

Reactants: sodium metal (Na) and water (H₂O) Products: hydrogen gas (H₂) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

16. When sodium metal (Na) is placed in water (H2O), hydrogen gas (H2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are formed. Na (s) + H2O (l) → H2 (g) + NaOH (aq) (c) What is the state of each substance, solid, liquid, gas, or dissolved in water?

Sodium metal (Na) is a solid Water (H₂O) is a liquid Hydrogen gas is a gas Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is dissolved in water

11. Name and describe the three states of matter

Solid: A substance that has a definite shape and volume. Liquid: A substance that has a definite volume but assumes the shape of its container. Gas: A substance that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

27. Write the symbol for the following units: (b) centimeter

cm

26. Give the full name of the following units: (a) cc

cubic centimeter;cm³

26. Give the full name of the following units: (f) m³

cubic meter (or meters cubed)

27. Write the symbol for the following units: (e) deciliter

dL

26. Give the full name of the following units: (b) dm

decimeter

23. (b) Would you consider the atmosphere to be a heterogeneous or a homogeneous mixture?

homogeneous mixture

27. Write the symbol for the following units: (f) kilometer

km

27. Write the symbol for the following units: (c) milligram

mg

26. Give the full name of the following units: (e) mg

milligram

26. Give the full name of the following units: (c) mm

millimeter

26. Give the full name of the following units: (d) nL

nanoliter

27. Write the symbol for the following units: (a) nanogram

ng

27. Write the symbol for the following units: (d) microliter

μL