Drugs, Soc and Behavior

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There is a reasonable chance that taking doses of XTC will poison ____neurons.

serotonergic

A drug company wants to market a drug that gets about 20% of cocaine addicts to stop using cocaine for a period of a year or more. The company ______.

should not be allowed to market the drug, because it has not been shown to be better than no treatment

Your lecturer advocates ___.

that women are at grave risk from adverse effects of drinking alcoholic beverages (e.g., increased risk of breast cancer)

When laboratory animals are given doses of morphine (the classic opioid analgesic) at rather small doses, the result is that ______.

the animals drink more alcoholic beverages than they ordinarily do

Which of the following is often prescribed to treat ADHD ?

amphetamine

Which is the definition of binge drinking?

A woman who consumes 4 or more alcoholic drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past month

Which of the following religious believe adherents should abstain from alcohol?

A, B, and C

Of the following drugs, which one does it typically take users the longest to quit?

Cigarettes

About 25% of the world's adult population reports having used an illegal drug at least once in the past year.

False

An REM period is characterized by which of the following EEG patterns?

fast waves (high frequency) of weak intensity

Because they are natural, dietary supplements are safe

False

Benzodiazepines are more toxic than barbiturates.

False

If a person uses alcohol along with barbiturates, the GABA receptor remains filled and the effects of the two drugs cancel each other out.

False

If longevity is a measure of the value of a nation's health-care system, it follows that the USA has clearly one of the best health-care systems in the World.

False

In a lecture, it was pointed out that chemists have been unable to develop synthetic drugs for the cannabinoid receptors

False

In context of cocaine use, formication refers to hyper-sexual interest.

False

Viagra has been found to be most effective in women

False

Which fallacy of reasoning is demonstrated in this example? "Many people claim that Mendax Pharmaceutical's new drug isn't effective, but the CEO of the company just gave $100,000 to charity."

Red herring

Which of the following is not true about the adverse effects of cocaine?

Reduced risk of seizure

Which is false about opioid receptors

The two main classes of opioids receptors are endorphins and enkephalins

Which is true about antidepressant drugs?

There are 4 different classes of antidepressant drugs

Ambien use increases the risk of an auto accident (p 183)

True

Amphetamine has a longer duration of action than cocaine

True

Amphetamine is prescribed to children as a medicine to treat ADHD.

True

An individual's risk of drug addiction increases if he or she has a parent or sibling who is dependent on drugs or alcohol

True

Anabolic-androgenic steroids increase the risk of liver cancer

True

Antidepressant medications are sometimes prescribed to treat other conditions, such as eating disorders, PMS, migraine headaches, and sexual compulsions

True

Antihistamines can be used as sleep aids

True

Antitussives are drugs that suppress or prevent coughing

True

Cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia

True

Children and the elderly are less able to metabolize drugs and are, therefore, more sensitive to them than are adults.

True

Children who live in southern states are diagnosed with ADHD at a significantly higher rate than those living in western states

True

China, due to its large population and its propensity to drink beer, is the world's largest consumer of beer?

True

Chronic use of ibuprofen may increase one's risk of heart attack

True

Cocaine blocks re-uptake of dopamine.

True

Cocaine blocks sodium channels in pain pathways.

True

Does MDMA induce "empathic effects."

True

Does high doses of MDMA induce toxic effects on serotonin neurons. (p 138)

True

Drug penalties are harsher if they occur within 1000 feet of a school or college.

True

Naltrexone ______ addictive.

is not

Some countries for example, Switzerland, allow doctors to prescribe Heroin have ______ .

lower mortality rates, less illicit drug use, and higher rates of retention in addiction treatment programs

MDMA increases urination

True

The likelihood of a fatal crash is about 8 times higher for a driver with a BAC over 0.1% than for a sober driver.

True

The liver is the most important organ for the metabolism of drugs.

True

The net effect of addictive opioids is an increase in release dopamine from dopamine producing neurons.

True

The prevailing theory is that schizophrenia is a dopamine surfeit disease.

True

The synthetic cannabinoid Spice binds more fully to brain cannabinoid receptors than does THC and may produce more intense effects

True

The text, says, this or something similar "Unfortunately, acetaminophen (i.e., Tylenol) use also is associated with dampened positive emotions and reduced empathy for others" (p 369)

True

Theobromine, found in chocolate, can be toxic to dogs and cats

True

There are as many as 450 synthesized cannabinoids.

True

True or False, in a lecture it was noted that New York and California's citizens live longer than the citizens of Kentucky and Oklahoma.

True

True or False, in a lecture it was noted that the New England states of the USA tended to live longer than states of the south-east part of the USA (states such as Mississippi, Alabama)?

True

True or false, CBD stands for cannabidiol?

True

True or false, drugs affecting brain functioning usually bind to receptors that are specific to certain neurotransmitters?

True

True or false, nicotine is highly toxic, and it must be precisely controlled to prevent high toxicity

True

True or false, numerous studies of MDMA (ecstasy) in animal studies show that large doses of MDMA are neurotoxic to serotonin neurons?

True

True or false, the author of your textbook claims that nicotine is one of the most addictive substances ever discovered?

True

True or false, the human body makes an endogenous form of THC?

True

True or false, the poppy plant has been cultivated for thousands of years?

True

True or false, the text indicates that the prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until about 26 years of age?

True

True or false, there are data to support that CBD is antioxidant, anti-convulsant, anti-anxiety, antipsychotic and neuroprotective? (p 223, text)

True

True or false, there are data to support that CBD is antioxidant, anti-convulsant, anxiety, antipsychotic and neuroprotective? (p 223, text)

True

True or false, women metabolize nicotine faster than men?

True

True or false, your textbook claims that tobacco-addiction is the single greatest cause of premature death in the World?

True

Uruguay was the first country in the world to legalize and regulate the production, supply, and recreational use of cannabis.

True

When states legalize medical marijuana, their rates of opioid overdose deaths go down

True

XTC is often touted as enhancing empathy.

True

Your textbook has the following quotation by an authority in the area of critical thinking: "Critical thinking is thinking about your thinking while you're thinking in order to make you thinking better"

True

Z drugs such as Ambien bind to the GABA receptor.

True

Which of the following may not occur if you are convicted of a drug offense?

University diploma is invalidated

Which is true about bipolar disorder?

When someone is in the manic phase, they may experience delusions or hallucinations

1) Nicotine is to Tobacco as _____ is to poppy plants 2) Nicotine is to Tobacco as _____ is to alcoholic beverages 3) Nicotine is to Tobacco as _____ is to cocoa plants

1) Morphine 2) Ethanol 3) Cocaine

What percent of Asians (those whose ancestors lived in Asian countries) have genes that code only for the inactive form of the enzyme causing aldehyde to accumulate.

10%

Which of the following age groups has the highest usage of drugs in the United States?

18-20 year olds

During which decades did the U.S. prison population increase the most?

1980s-1990s

Nine months after psychotherapy against cigarette smoking, one can expect that about ___ % of those getting that therapy to be abstinent from nicotine 3 months after therapy ended.

20

Which group tends to have the highest rate of drug use?

American Indian/Alaskan Native

The statement "Marijuana has not been proven to cause neurological damage, therefore it is completely safe" is an example of which fallacy of reasoning?

Appeal to ignorance

Which of the following is true about REM sleep?

Associated with a loss of skeletal muscle tone

Who decides whether a drug should be scheduled under the Controlled Substances Act?

B and D

Which is true about the mechanism of action of nicotine?

B and D are correct

Which of the following is true about acetaminophen?

B and D are correct

Drinking red wine significantly reduced the incidence of breast cancer except when the dose was 2 bottles of wine a day

False

Drugs such as morphine, codeine, and heroin bind to cannabinoid receptors.

False

Drunk drivers are more likely to use peripheral vision.

False

Electroconvulsive therapy is no longer used

False

Ethanol is water-soluble but not at all lipid-soluble

False

Exercise has been shown to worsen the symptoms of ADHD

False

Fentanyl is a stimulant similar to cocaine

False

Gram for gram, cocaine is considered to be one of the least expensive illicit drugs in the world.

False

Humans are the only species that drinks alcoholic beverages?

False

Which is true about Cannabis sativa compared to Cannabis indica?

It is a taller, lighter colored plant

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that alcohol use was popular thousands of years ago?

It is an antibiotic and antiviral that helped cure people of diseases such as the plague

If 2 drugs are taken concurrently and both are metabolized by the CYP450 enzyme system, large amounts of drug A will increase the metabolism of drug B.

False

Individuals who suffer from mental illness are significantly less likely to smoke cigarettes

False

Ingesting opium gives a rapid, more intense and more addictive high than smoking opium.

False

It is best to take pills with grapefruit juice.

False

It is clearly therapeutic to reduce a fever with the earliest onset of even a marginal increase in body temperate (say 101.5 degrees F), hence prevention the progression of disease. (p 367)

False

It is more expensive to treat drug users than to incarcerate them.

False

It is very difficult and expensive to synthesize amphetamine.

False

It takes about 6 months for tolerance to develop to tobacco use

False

Jason and Jonathan are both in 1 st grade, Jason is 6 years old and 1 month and Jonathan is 6 years old and 11 months. Jonathan is more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD

False

Korsafoff's syndrome is associated with depletion of stores of vitamin D.

False

LSD and psilocybin are highly addictive and have a dangerously low therapeutic index.

False

Lithium is one of the safest drugs on the market; its therapeutic index is approximately 750

False

Marijuana decreases heart rate

False

Marijuana scores a "zero" on the addictiveness scale

False

Members of the Native American Church are legally able to use any and all drugs in their religious ceremonies

False

Most diagnoses of depression are based on a blood test that measures a genetic marker in the blood

False

Most nicotine is created synthetically in the lab and no longer comes from the tobacco plant

False

Most of the persons diagnosed with schizophrenia have multiple personalities.

False

OTC drugs are not approved for sale unless they have no potential interactions with any other drugs

False

One advantage to getting information about drugs from the Internet is that it is certain to be peer reviewed.

False

Only in about 5 countries do citizens live longer than in the United States of America.

False

Prozac is extremely effective in treating PTSD in 75% of patients

False

Psilocybin is the major psychoactive ingredient in peyote

False

Receptors are most commonly located on the axon of a neuron.

False

Sedative/hypnotic drugs increase the amount of time spent in REM sleep.

False

Since alcohol and PCP work at different sites, it is safe to combine alcohol with PCP

False

Since scientists are always objective, their observations are free from bias.

False

Studies prove that vaping smoke of e-cigarettes is the most effective way to quit smoking.

False

Sublingual drugs are administered with a hypodermic needle and injected under the skin.

False

Telescoping is a term used to describe the time it takes to go from starting drinking alcoholic beverages to have serious problems resulting from drinking excessively. True or false, the one bright spot with respect to women drinking is that women do not telescope as quickly as men?

False

The Controlled Substances Act raised the blood alcohol content standard for a DUI from 0.01% to 0.08%.

False

The FDA does not have the authority to regulate the sale and manufacture of e-cigarettes

False

The FDA drug approval process typically takes about 5-7 years.

False

The FDA had no authority over drugs until the passage of the Controlled Substances Act in 1970.

False

The La Guardia Report of 1944 found that marijuana was not addictive, but the Shafer Commission of 1972 found that marijuana was both addictive and dangerous

False

The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 made it illegal to be addicted to marijuana.

False

The Opium Wars were when England went to war against China to try to make China stop smuggling their opium into England.

False

The alcohol beverage industry spends almost a $ 1 billion per year on all media advertising.

False

The average American drinks much more alcohol today than in any time in our history

False

The capillaries of the brain and spinal cord are leakier than the capillaries of the liver.

False

The many of the drugs prescribed for treating major depressive disorder (that has been used for many years) relieves depression shortly after its administration, but its effects wane rapidly.

False

The more punitive a country's drug laws, the less drug use there is in that country.

False

The placenta is a very effective barrier to drug distribution, keeping out almost all drugs from entering the fetus' circulation.

False

The rate of positive drug tests in those applying for welfare is 50% higher than that in the general population

False

The respiratory centers of the brainstem begin to be significantly inhibited with a single alcoholic drink

False

The standard for binge drinking is the same for both girls and boys and for women and men.?

False

The term "spice" is used, in popular culture of drug-use, to indicate drugs such as Ritalin.

False

The terms "dependence" and "addiction" are interchangeable

False

There is no solid evidence that chronic use of marijuana (say rather consistently on a near daily basis for say decades) decreases, on average, cognitive functions such as attention span and memory.

False

Those who relapse repeatedly will never be able to recover from AOD use

False

Tolerance develops to benzodiazepines but not to barbiturates.

False

True or False, Canabis leaves and flowers of tiny, sticky, hairs contain about 40 chemicals, which about 30 are unique to the Canabis plant. (pg. 207, Text)

False

True or False, Cannabis leaves and flowers of tiny, sticky, hairs contain about 40 chemicals, which about 30 are unique to the Canabis plant. (pg. 207, Text)

False

True or false, Studies prove that vaping (using e-cigarettes) is the most effective way to quit smoking cigarettes?

False

True or false, despite extensive research , no one has isolated an endogenous opioid agonist?

False

True or false, does chronic use of opioid antagonists produce itch?

False

True or false, doses of opioid antagonists are used as therapeutic doses for treating diarrhea and suppression of cough.

False

True or false, morphine binds to GABA receptors?

False

True/False, Typically, we only use 50% of our brains?

False

Until the development of the birth control pill, women had no contraceptive options in the United States

False

When a drug is called an antagonist, it means the drug mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter.

False

When cigarette ads were banned in the U.S. broadcast media, the tobacco industry decreased the size of its marketing budget

False

When overdose to benzodiazepines occurs, it is usually due to seizure.

False

When taken with cocaine, alcohol forms a new compound in the body that essentially inactivates cocaine's actions.

False

Which of the following is true about the "Therapeutic Index" (TI)

False

Wines are usually about 12% ethanol, i.e., about 50 proof?

False

Withdrawal from cocaine lasts for 2-3 months and is potentially life threatening.

False

Women have more enzymatic "destruction" of ethanol in their stomachs than men?

False

XTC is a sedative.

False

Your professor disagrees with the Governor of New York State when the Governor is trying to ban the sale of flavored vaping products.

False

Which is true about the use of performance enhancing drugs?

Female high school students who use steroids are less likely to play school-sponsored team sports

Name the short acting opioid agonist that is a major component in the current opioid crises.

Fentanyl

Which of the following is most directly involved with decisions, judgment, and reasoning?

Frontal lobe

One of the following neurotransmitters is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, i.e., causes inhibition of action potentials. Pick it.

GABA

Which one of the following neurotransmitters do benzodiazepines affect?

GABA

Which is true about Viagra?

It is one of the 20 most commonly prescribed drugs in the United States

Which is true about MDMA?

It is structurally similar to dopamine and norepinephrine

Which is true about adenosine?

It lowers heart rate

Which is true about LSD?

It mostly works by affecting serotonin

Which of the following is true of Implanon/ Nexplanon?

It must be inserted and removed by a health-care professional

What is the difference between khat and cat?

Khat is cathinone; cat is methcathinone. Methcathinone is more lipid soluble and more potent

Which of the following is false about opioids such as morphine or heroin?

Local anesthetic

Which of the following is not one of the criteria listed in the DSM for substance abuse disorder?

Loss of all social interactions

Which of the following is not a withdrawal symptom associated with chronic use of tobacco products?

Loss of appetite

Which psychological disorder is characterized by overwhelming sadness, feelings of worthlessness and a loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities?

Major depressive disorder

Which is true about the prevalence of cocaine use?

Males are more likely to use than females

Which of the following has the lowest number of deaths attributed to its use?

Marijuana

Chronic users of marijuana develop tolerance to all of the below except:

Memory effects

Which is false about laxatives?

Metamucil is a nerve agent which increases the firing of the nerves that run to the intestines

Which of the following is true about AOD prevention programs on college campuses?

Minimum legal drinking age laws may be the most effective way to reduce alcohol use on college campuses

Which of the following is a type of opioid receptor?

Mu

Morphine is to Methadone as Naloxone is to ___.

Naltrexone

Morphine is to Methadone as Naloxone is to _____.

Naltrexone

Pick the odd one.

Naltrexone

Which opioid is a long-lasting opioid antagonist?

Naltrexone

Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Neglect of personal hygiene

Which is not a reason that explains why tobacco is so addictive?

Nicotine has a very long half-life, so it stays in the system for months

We have data on drug-related deaths in the USA (drug overdoses). Those data are different now than a decade ago. Currently, the kind of drug causing the most death is ____.

Opiods

The first pass effect occurs with which of the following routes of administration?

Oral

Which is the most common route of administration for sedative/hypnotics?

Oral

The term "endorphin " refers to ___.

peptide manufactured in the brain that has opioid-like effects

"I had a bad reaction to the Pill, so birth control pills should be taken off the market" is an example of a hasty generalization.

True

5% of American adults, and 10% of Americans between the ages of 12 and 17, report using opioid drugs for non-medical purposes.

True

A drug that is smoked gets to the brain faster than one that is injected.

True

A forfeiture laws states that the government can confiscate anything in one's possession at the time of a drug arrest.

True

A larger, more bitter placebo pill would give a more effective placebo response than a smaller tasteless one.

True

A neuron can decreases the number of its receptors in response to an increased amount of neurotransmitter.

True

A placebo is a pharmacologically inert substance that can sometimes elicit a significant therapeutic response.

True

About 30% of the population of the USA does not drink alcoholic beverages (or perhaps, very, very rarely).

True

About half of all Americans will meet the criteria for a mental health disorder during their lifetime

True

Acetaldehyde is a product of the metabolism of ethanol?

True

Acetaminophen is used more frequently than aspirin

True

Adenosine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter

True

All else being equal, the same amount of ethanol will make a woman more intoxicated than a man.?

True

As a user moves towards dependency, drug use may become a big part of his or her social identity

True

Beer is made from fermented grains

True

Budweiser, the classic American beer company is now owned by a company headquartered in Europe?

True

Buprenorphine is safer and more effective than methadone

True

Drug tolerance refers to a phenomenon whereby chronic use of a drug can decrease the drug's effects

True

Drugs that reduce anxiety are called anxiolytics.

True

Ethanol induces dopamine release from DA neurons by blocking GABA's inhibitory effects on dopaminergic neurons. (p 288).

True

F rom both the animal-lab and epidemiological studies, frequent intake of alcoholic beverages during adolescence increase the diagnoses of alcoholism (alcohol use disorder) during womanhood.

True

Females use prescription sedative/hypnotics more than males.

True

Fentanyl is highly lipid-soluble, and so it has a rapid onset and short duration of action.

True

First generation antipsychotics block dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and histamine receptors

True

From both the animal-lab and epidemiological studies, frequent intake of alcoholic beverages during adolescence increase the diagnoses of alcoholism (alcohol use disorder) during womanhood.

True

Generally, the more cannabidiol a strain of cannabis has, the less THC

True

Glutamate is an amino acid and it is also the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.

True

Heroin use has increased significantly over the past years.

True

High school girls use alcohol and inhalants at a higher rate than do high school boys.

True

Ice is to methamphetamine as crack is to cocaine

True

If a heroin addict takes the same dose of heroin, by the same route of administration every day, but one day takes the same amount in a new environment, he or she can die of an overdose.

True

If the same trend that is currently being tabulated continues, there is apt to be more women-alcoholics than men-alcoholics in the USA?

True

If you lend a drug-dealing friend your cell phone, and he uses it to make a drug deal, you may be charged with drug conspiracy.

True

If you were to block the reuptake of a neurotransmitter, it would increase that neurotransmitter's effects at the postsynaptic neuron.

True

In Uruguay, drug use or possession for personal consumption is not criminalized

True

In a lecture, a graph was shown how much harm (turmoil and disease) was caused by chronic intake of a variety of addictive substances as judged by experts on the topic. True of false, addiction to alcoholic beverages was ranked as the most deleterious addiction, i.e., caused the most harm: and more harm than addiction to heroin and cocaine.

True

In a lecture, a graph was shown that indicated that persons who had benzodiazepines prescribed for them as anti-anxiety or anti-insomnia drugs had shorter life-spans that persons with a history of taking benzodiazepines.

True

In lectures, the professor, discussed the success rate of psychotropic drugs as medicines for anxiety, depression and insomnia. The conclusion was drawn that, at best , the prescribed drugs were only marginally successful in curing the listed problems.

True

In some counties of the United States, it is illegal to possess alcohol.

True

In some states, pharmacists or other health care providers can refuse to fill a prescription for birth control pills if they do not personally believe in the use of contraceptives

True

In terms of pharmacokinetics, first-order kinetics refers to the rate of a drug's metabolism is proportional to the concentration of the drug.

True

In the 18th century Britain went to war with China in order to force them to buy opium. (p 143)

True

In the United States, more people drink alcohol than use all illicit drugs combined.

True

In those with schizophrenia, dopamine is hyperactive in the mesolimbic pathway and underactive in the mesocortical pathway

True

Ingesting opium gives a rapid, more intense and more addictive high than smoking opium.

True

Injecting opioids is more addictive than ingesting them.

True

Instead of being stored in vesicles, endocannabinoids are rapidly synthesized when needed

True

It is a hasty generalization when people trust in their own personal experiences more than data and evidence.

True

It is a scientifically derived fact that women can easily be poisoned by regularly drinking alcoholic beverages.

True

It is clearly more reasonable, from a social perspective, that children learn to drink alcoholic beverages at an age such as 13 to 15 years old; thereby allowing them to get knowledge about drinking and how much to drink, rather than drinking when first becomes legal to drink?

True

Ketamine was used as a surgical anesthetic on the battlefields in Vietnam

True

Korsakoff's syndrome is highly related to an insufficient amount of B vitamin in circulation.

True

Less alcohol dehydrogenase is produced in the morning than at night

True

Long term heavy alcoholic beverage consumption can and often does decreases brain tissues

True

Loss of sleep and decreased appetite are common side effects of Ritalin

True

MDMA increases levels of oxytocin

True

MDMA may permanently damage serotonin neurons

True

Many benzodiazepines end with the suffice "-epam" or "-olam."

True

Marijuana decreases heart rate

True

Marijuana is an effective treatment for chronic pain in adults

True

Marijuana today generally has a significantly higher THC content than the marijuana that was available in the 1960s and 1970s

True

Melatonin is classified as a dietary supplement, and as such is not regulated by the FDA

True

More Americans are dependent on marijuana than on prescription pain medications

True

More boys than girls are diagnosed with ADHD

True

Most experts agree alcoholism is the most serious of our drug problems, i.e., causing more trouble and mayhem than other drug-problems?

True

Most songs that contain references to alcohol or drug use portrayed positive consequences more than negative consequences.

True

Naturally occurring drugs, such as marijuana or peyote, cannot be patented.

True

Non-narcotic analgesics can alleviate a rise in body temperature (fever). (p 367)

True

On its own, cocaine is not particularly well absorbed into the bloodstream when taken orally, because it constricts the blood vessels of the mouth and is broken down in the acidic stomach.

True

Once heroin reaches the brain, it is converted back into morphine.

True

One in eight women in the USA is apt to develop breast cancer?

True

One reason binge drinking is so dangerous is because alcohol exhibits zero order kinetics instead of first order kinetics

True

Opioid pain relievers are responsible for more deaths than from heroin and cocaine combined.

True

Opioids cause constipation.

True

Opium was a common ingredient in many patent medicines in the 19 th century.

True

Patients prescribed any hypnotic are more likely to die earlier than those never using hypnotics.

True

Peer influences and role models are among the most powerful factors influencing whether a person begins using and abusing drugs

True

People with schizophrenia may have reduced volumes in their frontal lobes

True

Perhaps as few as 5 or 6 drinks (usual amounts in bottled beer or a glass of wine) a drinking session on a near daily basis is likely to result in significant brain damage.

True

Physical, emotional, and sexual abuse as a child can raise the probability of developing depression later in life

True

Pseudoephedrine can be used to produce methamphetamine.

True

Repeated use of amphetamine over days or weeks can lead to a psychotic state that resembles schizophrenia

True

Rum is distilled from molasses

True

Serotonin is generally considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter throughout the brain and body.

True

Some of the synthesized synthetic cannabinoids have been declared illegal drugs in the USA.

True

Students with drug charges are prohibited from receiving federal aid and student loans for colleges and universities.

True

THC and its metabolites have long half-lives and may remain in the body for many days or even weeks after use

True

The CDC estimates that secondhand smoke is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States behind active smoking and alcohol

True

The USA has about 5% of the World's population. True or false, the USA consumes about 65% of the world's supply of illicit drugs?

True

The United States consumes 85% of the world's medically prescribed amphetamines.

True

The United States has more prisoners per capita than any other industrialized nation on earth.

True

The United States is one of the world's largest consumers of cocaine.

True

The area of the brain that is most involved in rational decision-making and planning in not fully developed until well into a person's twenties.

True

The average professional NBA player's salary is more than 100 times the average annual salary of a secretary

True

The best way to avoid drug abuse and addiction is to prevent someone from starting rather than trying to get them to stop

True

The blood brain barrier keeps most large, water-soluble substances out of the brain.

True

The following statement (or very similar one) was made in your text: The rate of increase in diagnosis of ADHD has been so large, across recent decades, that it can't solely be due to neurological changes.

True

The human body makes an endogenous form of THC. (p 197)

True

There is some rather strong evidence that use of smoked marijuana exacerbates schizophrenic symptoms.

True

Those who are age 21-25 have the highest rates of binge drinking

True

True or False, Asian and Black groups (identified socially) are the groups that use the least amount of use of illegal stimulants. (p 107, text)

True

True or False, Most marijuana laws only mention Cannabis sativa? (pg. 206, Text)

True

True or False, Spice, also called K2, is commercially available, but is labeled as "not for human consumption?" (pg 209, text)

True

True or False, THC levels in sold marijuana products have increased almost yearly from 2001 to 2013? (pg 208, Text)

True

True or False, The Dept. of Agriculture has research to indicate that fiber hemp grown during 4-6 months, has the same amount of paper as 4-5 acres as 20 year-old trees?

True

True or False, according to data presented in a class-meeting that over 50 other nations' citizens live longer than citizens of the USA?

True

True or False, in the introductory lecture it was presented that, in 1994, it was found that Adverse Drug Reactions was the 4th leading cause of death and that currently Accidents (or unintended injuries) are the 3rd leading cause of death and Accidents include adverse drug reactions?

True

True or false, OxyContin is an opioid analgesic?

True

True or false, amphetamine doses are a common medicine for the treatment attention deficit-hyperactive syndrome among children? (p 109, text)

True

True or false, are there as many as three endogenous opioids?

True

True or false, do opioid agonists when used as pain-killers induce constipation?

True

True or false, does the text say "During prenatal brain development, a fetus creates about 250 neurons a minute?"

True

True or false, dopaminergic cells of the brain play a significant role in the reinforcing effects of alcoholic beverages?

True

When a drug is called an agonist, it means the drug mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter.

True

When cocaine HCl is separated from acid—when you free the base—it crosses the BBB easier.

True

With chronic use, the liver becomes able to metabolize opioids faster.

True

Withdrawal from chronic heavy alcohol use is more dangerous than withdrawal from long-term heroin use.

True

Withdrawal from chronic intake of alcoholic beverages can be fatal?

True

Withdrawal from sedative/hypnotics can cause insomnia.

True

Withdrawal symptoms are typically opposite to those of the direct effects of the drug.

True

Withdrawal symptoms to stimulants, e.g., cocaine, include depression.

True

Which is true about tolerance to hallucinogenic drugs?

Users of one hallucinogenic drug also become tolerant to the effects of other hallucinogenic drugs

Recreational use of which of the following is not a schedule I drug?

Valium

Which is true about vaporizing marijuana?

Vaping marijuana does not get hot enough to burn the plant material

Which is true about the mechanism of action of sedative/hypnotics?

When benzodiazepines bind to the GABA receptor, they allow more chloride to enter the cell

Which of the following factors do not influence the penalties for drug trafficking?

Whether the person has a proven biological predisposition for addiction

Which is true about the demographics of depression?

Women are more likely to be diagnosed with major depression than men are

One of the following will abate alcohol withdrawal symptoms sufficiently to be considered a medicine for the withdrawal. Pick it.

benzodiazepine

Using high doses of amphetamines for multiple days ___. (p 109, text)

can induce a depletion of neuronal stores of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, hence leaving the drug-user with neural circuits involving these neurotransmitters less functional

pick the odd one.

heroin

Which of the following anatomical structure is highly associated with memory?

hippocampus

One of the following is more closely associated with modern theories of addictions than the others. Pick the one that could reasonably be more associated with modern theory than the others.

indulgence and gluttony

Compared to morphine, methadone

is longer-lasting

Nicotine is to Tobacco as ___ is to poppy plants.

morphine

Which of the following is the drug of choice to treat opioid-induced respiratory depression?

naloxone

There was a time in Finland when the taxes on alcoholic beverages were substantially reduced. One of the following was a consequence of that. Pick it.

rate of alcohol beverage intake increased significantly, particularly for women living alone.

A man arrives at the emergency room with needle tracts on his arm and respiratory depression that is dangerous. He is given a large dose of naloxone, but that seems to do little to lift the respiratory depression. Such actions __.

rule out overdoses of opioids as a reason for the respiratory depression

Approximately how much does the average U.S. household spend on OTC products per year?

$330

Nine months after psychotherapy for alcoholism, one can expect that about _______% of those getting that therapy to be abstinent from alcohol (or to be drinking only occasionally and then only a moderate amount).

20

Which of the following age group has the highest rate of current alcohol use? (B) (easy)

21 - 29

What percentage of the population of the United States uses tobacco?

24%

Approximately what percent of the population in the U.S. are considered to have substance dependence or abuse?

8%

Which of the following is associated with long-term use of opioids?

A and C

Which is true about alcohol use among college students?

A and C are true

Which of the following is the most common side effect of oral contraceptives?

A change in skin pigmentation

An antagonist is

A drug which binds to a receptor without producing an effect except to block other substances from the receptor

Which is true about current drug laws in the United States?

A person may be charged with "intent to distribute" if the possessor has large amounts of drug, drug paraphernalia, packaging material, large amounts of money, or communications from customers

Which of the following is true about the crime of drug possession?

A person may be charged with drug possession if they have a bong or syringe, even if the paraphernalia has never been used

Which of these school-based prevention programs is the most effective in preventing drug use and abuse?

A structured, interactive, long-term program that provides information and life skills

Which of the following is true about alcohol?

Acetaldehyde is toxic, and may cause vomiting

According to the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, which of the following is in order of overall harm, from most harmful to least harmful?

Alcohol, heroin, cocaine, marijuana, LSD

Which of the following factors increase a person's risk of relapse?

All of the above

Which of the following does NOT affect the metabolism of drugs?

All of the above affect the metabolism of drugs

Dr. Kinsey is studying the effect of marijuana on cognition. He wants to see the relationship between marijuana and the ability to solve math problems. One hundred and fifty male volunteer participants come to the laboratory. Half of them smoke a joint. The other half smoke a clove cigarette. Participants don't know which they are smoking. Twenty minutes later, they are brought into a room and take a math test. Which of the following is correct?

All of the above are false

Which is true about Gardasil?

All of the above are false

Which is true about secondhand smoke?

All of the above are false

Which of the following is not increased in those with untreated ADHD?

All of the above are increased

Which is true about anabolic-androgenic steroid use?

All of the above are true

Which is not one of the ways amphetamine increase levels of dopamine in the synapse?

Binds directly to postsynaptic receptors

Which is false about drug laws and race?

Blacks account for about 14% of those in state prison for drug crimes

Which of the following is false about tricyclic antidepressants?

Block reuptake of acetylcholine

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which cocaine exerts its effects

Blocks reuptake of acetylcholine

Which of these drugs is not typically used to help people deal with opioid addiction?

Bupropion

Which is false about caffeine?

Caffeine is found in about 5 different species of plants

Which is true about the actions of anabolic-androgenic steroids in women?

Causes enlargement of the clitoris

The best way to separate fact from fiction regarding information about a drug that has been reported in the popular press is to

Check out the primary source

Which of these is the name for the liver damage that occurs in chronic heavy drinkers?

Cirrhosis

Nicotine is to tobacco as ____ is to coca plants.

Cocaine

Pick the odd one

Cocaine

Which is true about the demographics of drug use in the United States?

Compared to other races, people of Asian descent report the lowest rates of illicit drug use

Dr. Tyler is studying the effect of Ritalin on test scores. He gives 50 college seniors Ritalin for one year and measures their test scores over the course of the year. What is missing from Dr. Tyler's experimental design?

Control groups

Which is true about the cold virus?

Cough and cold medications may actually delay healing

Which of the following is false about opioids such as morphine or heroin?

Cough suppressant

Which of the following is not a potential medical benefit of caffeine, coffee, tea, or chocolate?

Curing Parkinson's disease

Cocaine increases the activity of GABA in the brain.

False

D rinking sufficient amounts of coffee will allow a drunk to sober-up faster?

False

Depression is a purely psychological condition with no physiological abnormalities

False

Which of the following is the generic name of the drug?

Diazepam

Which is true about dietary supplements?

Dietary supplements don't have to label the active ingredient or potential adverse effects

If there is such a thing, which of the following neurotransmitters is clearly associated with the feeling of pleasure or the feeling of doing something that is good?

Dopamine

There is one neurotransmitter and one neuroanatomical system associated with that neurotransmitter that is more related to the development of addictions to many, if not all, drug-addictions. That neurotransmitter is _____.

Dopamine

Which of the following is not a characteristic seen in fetal alcohol syndrome?

Dwarfism

In addition to pain relief, morphine is effective against ___.

Dysentery

Which of the following is an endogenous substance?

Endorphin

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with harm reduction policies?

Enforcing mandatory minimum sentences

Which of the following is false regarding reproductive hormones?

Estrogen feeds back to the pituitary to increase the secretion of FSH and LH

Nicotine is to tobacco as ____ is to alcoholic beverages.

Ethanol

A _________ is a term used to describe an argument that doesn't address the facts and instead focuses on irrelevant and unrelated matters

Fallacy of relevance

"Drug trafficking" refers to driving while intoxicated.

False

A drug that causes pain is called an "agonist."

False

A drug with a therapeutic index of 5 is safer than a drug with a therapeutic index of 500.

False

A short-acting benzodiazepines would best treat anxiety, while a longer-acting benzodiazepine would be better for insomnia.

False

After prohibition ended, organized crime's involvement in drugs diminished enormously.

False

Although alcoholic beverages can cause such as fetal alcohol intake and damage to the liver, hardly anyone who drinks has cancer. And that is touted by the alcoholic beverage companies when they say drinking is healthy

False

American farmers of places like Kentucky during the early days of the colonies were the first to have developed the process of distillation allowing a high concentration of ethanol in alcoholic beverages?

False

Any elevation in body temperature over 98.6 degrees is dangerous and should be treated with NSAIDs

False

Barbiturates are addictive but benzodiazepines are not.

False

Cannabis sativa has a higher cannabidiol to THC ratio

False

Cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia

False

Carrie Nation is a modern, popular singer who drank herself to death?

False

Which of the following does not relate to pharmacokinetics?

How well a drug binds to a receptor

What is the "observer effect?"

If participants know they're being observed, they may alter their behavior

Which route of administration gets a drug to the brain fastest?

Inhalation

Mendax Pharmaceuticals is trying out their new antidepressant. One group of participants took the new drug, another group received a placebo, and a third had a weekly meeting with a therapist. Midway through the trial, the therapist had to drop out, and was replaced by a new therapist. Because of this, the experiment may not be ____

Internally valid

Compared to morphine, methadone

Is longer-lasting

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main dopaminergic pathways in the brain?

Pontocerebellar pathway that helps control sleep and appetite

Which is true about hormonal contraception?

Progestins thicken the cervical mucus

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of NSAIDs?

Promotes blood clotting

Which is true about drug dependence?

Psychological dependence can be more powerful than physical dependence

Which of these is one of the effects that tobacco has on the heart?

Raises blood pressure

Which is true about the Controlled Substances Act?

Repealed, replaced, and consolidated all previous federal drug laws

How is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder usually diagnosed?

Reports from family and teachers

Which of the following is not seen with opioid withdrawal?

Respiratory depression

Which is true about drugs used to treat ADHD?

Ritalin is a brand of methylphenidate

Which of the following is not an example of a Z drug?

Rozerem

More cigarettes are consumed in ____ than any other country.

Russian Federation

Which is false about treatments for schizophrenia?

Second generation antipsychotics are about 3 times more effective than first generation antipsychotics

Which of the following treatment options for substance abuse has the greatest number of people?

Self-help groups

Which of the following best describes "panic disorder"?

Severe attacks of anxiety for no apparent reason. The sufferer may feel as though they are having a heart attack.

Of the following routes of administration, which of the following choices is in order from fastest onset of action to slowest?

Smoked, injected, snorted, oral

Which is true about caffeine consumption around the world?

Some of the countries of Northern Europe have the highest caffeine consumption in the world

Opiod Receptors are to Heroin as Cannabinoid receptors are to _________.

THC

Opioid Receptors are to Heroin as Cannabinoid receptors are to _________.

THC

Which is false about drugs derived from natural sources?

THC is more chemically complex than marijuana

Which is true?

The FDA limits soft drinks to 71 mg of caffeine per 12 ounce drink

Which is true about alcohol use in the 19th century in the United States?

The early 19th century was a time of the heaviest drinking in the country's history

Which of the following is the current knowledge on whether MDMA is neurotoxic in human users? (p 139, text)

The effects of using MDMA as a recreational drug are highly controversial.

Which is true about the causes of major depressive disorder?

The hippocampus of someone with long-term clinical depression is smaller compared to someone without depression

Which of the following might best explain the surge in heroin use over the past decade?

The increased use of prescription pain medications

Which of the following is not a psychological trait associated with depression?

They believe that negative events will last a short time and are relatively insignificant

What is the name of the Harvard professor who, in the 1960s, encouraged the use of hallucinogens and gave LSD to his students?

Timothy Leary

Which is correct about the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs?

Tricyclic antidepressants block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine and also block the effects of acetylcholine and histamine

In class, it was stated that perhaps the best example of intervention designed to prevent problems associated with addictions were those associated with ____.

cigarette smoking

Nicotine is to tobacco as ____ is to coca plants.

cocaine

Dextromethorphan is a drug designed for _________ .

cough

In addition to pain relief, morphine is effective against ___.

dysentery

Nicotine is to tobacco as ____ is to alcoholic beverages.

ethanol

With regard to the training of therapists and councilors for drug abuse treatment, research has discovered that ___.

the variable of training of therapists and councilors does not account for any significant portion of the variance of indices of successful outcomes of treatment

The recommendation of nearly all health professionals is that pregnant women drink no more than __ drinks (alcoholic beverages) a day.

zero


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