Drugs, Soc and Behavior
There is a reasonable chance that taking doses of XTC will poison ____neurons.
serotonergic
A drug company wants to market a drug that gets about 20% of cocaine addicts to stop using cocaine for a period of a year or more. The company ______.
should not be allowed to market the drug, because it has not been shown to be better than no treatment
Your lecturer advocates ___.
that women are at grave risk from adverse effects of drinking alcoholic beverages (e.g., increased risk of breast cancer)
When laboratory animals are given doses of morphine (the classic opioid analgesic) at rather small doses, the result is that ______.
the animals drink more alcoholic beverages than they ordinarily do
Which of the following is often prescribed to treat ADHD ?
amphetamine
Which is the definition of binge drinking?
A woman who consumes 4 or more alcoholic drinks on the same occasion on at least one day in the past month
Which of the following religious believe adherents should abstain from alcohol?
A, B, and C
Of the following drugs, which one does it typically take users the longest to quit?
Cigarettes
About 25% of the world's adult population reports having used an illegal drug at least once in the past year.
False
An REM period is characterized by which of the following EEG patterns?
fast waves (high frequency) of weak intensity
Because they are natural, dietary supplements are safe
False
Benzodiazepines are more toxic than barbiturates.
False
If a person uses alcohol along with barbiturates, the GABA receptor remains filled and the effects of the two drugs cancel each other out.
False
If longevity is a measure of the value of a nation's health-care system, it follows that the USA has clearly one of the best health-care systems in the World.
False
In a lecture, it was pointed out that chemists have been unable to develop synthetic drugs for the cannabinoid receptors
False
In context of cocaine use, formication refers to hyper-sexual interest.
False
Viagra has been found to be most effective in women
False
Which fallacy of reasoning is demonstrated in this example? "Many people claim that Mendax Pharmaceutical's new drug isn't effective, but the CEO of the company just gave $100,000 to charity."
Red herring
Which of the following is not true about the adverse effects of cocaine?
Reduced risk of seizure
Which is false about opioid receptors
The two main classes of opioids receptors are endorphins and enkephalins
Which is true about antidepressant drugs?
There are 4 different classes of antidepressant drugs
Ambien use increases the risk of an auto accident (p 183)
True
Amphetamine has a longer duration of action than cocaine
True
Amphetamine is prescribed to children as a medicine to treat ADHD.
True
An individual's risk of drug addiction increases if he or she has a parent or sibling who is dependent on drugs or alcohol
True
Anabolic-androgenic steroids increase the risk of liver cancer
True
Antidepressant medications are sometimes prescribed to treat other conditions, such as eating disorders, PMS, migraine headaches, and sexual compulsions
True
Antihistamines can be used as sleep aids
True
Antitussives are drugs that suppress or prevent coughing
True
Cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia
True
Children and the elderly are less able to metabolize drugs and are, therefore, more sensitive to them than are adults.
True
Children who live in southern states are diagnosed with ADHD at a significantly higher rate than those living in western states
True
China, due to its large population and its propensity to drink beer, is the world's largest consumer of beer?
True
Chronic use of ibuprofen may increase one's risk of heart attack
True
Cocaine blocks re-uptake of dopamine.
True
Cocaine blocks sodium channels in pain pathways.
True
Does MDMA induce "empathic effects."
True
Does high doses of MDMA induce toxic effects on serotonin neurons. (p 138)
True
Drug penalties are harsher if they occur within 1000 feet of a school or college.
True
Naltrexone ______ addictive.
is not
Some countries for example, Switzerland, allow doctors to prescribe Heroin have ______ .
lower mortality rates, less illicit drug use, and higher rates of retention in addiction treatment programs
MDMA increases urination
True
The likelihood of a fatal crash is about 8 times higher for a driver with a BAC over 0.1% than for a sober driver.
True
The liver is the most important organ for the metabolism of drugs.
True
The net effect of addictive opioids is an increase in release dopamine from dopamine producing neurons.
True
The prevailing theory is that schizophrenia is a dopamine surfeit disease.
True
The synthetic cannabinoid Spice binds more fully to brain cannabinoid receptors than does THC and may produce more intense effects
True
The text, says, this or something similar "Unfortunately, acetaminophen (i.e., Tylenol) use also is associated with dampened positive emotions and reduced empathy for others" (p 369)
True
Theobromine, found in chocolate, can be toxic to dogs and cats
True
There are as many as 450 synthesized cannabinoids.
True
True or False, in a lecture it was noted that New York and California's citizens live longer than the citizens of Kentucky and Oklahoma.
True
True or False, in a lecture it was noted that the New England states of the USA tended to live longer than states of the south-east part of the USA (states such as Mississippi, Alabama)?
True
True or false, CBD stands for cannabidiol?
True
True or false, drugs affecting brain functioning usually bind to receptors that are specific to certain neurotransmitters?
True
True or false, nicotine is highly toxic, and it must be precisely controlled to prevent high toxicity
True
True or false, numerous studies of MDMA (ecstasy) in animal studies show that large doses of MDMA are neurotoxic to serotonin neurons?
True
True or false, the author of your textbook claims that nicotine is one of the most addictive substances ever discovered?
True
True or false, the human body makes an endogenous form of THC?
True
True or false, the poppy plant has been cultivated for thousands of years?
True
True or false, the text indicates that the prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until about 26 years of age?
True
True or false, there are data to support that CBD is antioxidant, anti-convulsant, anti-anxiety, antipsychotic and neuroprotective? (p 223, text)
True
True or false, there are data to support that CBD is antioxidant, anti-convulsant, anxiety, antipsychotic and neuroprotective? (p 223, text)
True
True or false, women metabolize nicotine faster than men?
True
True or false, your textbook claims that tobacco-addiction is the single greatest cause of premature death in the World?
True
Uruguay was the first country in the world to legalize and regulate the production, supply, and recreational use of cannabis.
True
When states legalize medical marijuana, their rates of opioid overdose deaths go down
True
XTC is often touted as enhancing empathy.
True
Your textbook has the following quotation by an authority in the area of critical thinking: "Critical thinking is thinking about your thinking while you're thinking in order to make you thinking better"
True
Z drugs such as Ambien bind to the GABA receptor.
True
Which of the following may not occur if you are convicted of a drug offense?
University diploma is invalidated
Which is true about bipolar disorder?
When someone is in the manic phase, they may experience delusions or hallucinations
1) Nicotine is to Tobacco as _____ is to poppy plants 2) Nicotine is to Tobacco as _____ is to alcoholic beverages 3) Nicotine is to Tobacco as _____ is to cocoa plants
1) Morphine 2) Ethanol 3) Cocaine
What percent of Asians (those whose ancestors lived in Asian countries) have genes that code only for the inactive form of the enzyme causing aldehyde to accumulate.
10%
Which of the following age groups has the highest usage of drugs in the United States?
18-20 year olds
During which decades did the U.S. prison population increase the most?
1980s-1990s
Nine months after psychotherapy against cigarette smoking, one can expect that about ___ % of those getting that therapy to be abstinent from nicotine 3 months after therapy ended.
20
Which group tends to have the highest rate of drug use?
American Indian/Alaskan Native
The statement "Marijuana has not been proven to cause neurological damage, therefore it is completely safe" is an example of which fallacy of reasoning?
Appeal to ignorance
Which of the following is true about REM sleep?
Associated with a loss of skeletal muscle tone
Who decides whether a drug should be scheduled under the Controlled Substances Act?
B and D
Which is true about the mechanism of action of nicotine?
B and D are correct
Which of the following is true about acetaminophen?
B and D are correct
Drinking red wine significantly reduced the incidence of breast cancer except when the dose was 2 bottles of wine a day
False
Drugs such as morphine, codeine, and heroin bind to cannabinoid receptors.
False
Drunk drivers are more likely to use peripheral vision.
False
Electroconvulsive therapy is no longer used
False
Ethanol is water-soluble but not at all lipid-soluble
False
Exercise has been shown to worsen the symptoms of ADHD
False
Fentanyl is a stimulant similar to cocaine
False
Gram for gram, cocaine is considered to be one of the least expensive illicit drugs in the world.
False
Humans are the only species that drinks alcoholic beverages?
False
Which is true about Cannabis sativa compared to Cannabis indica?
It is a taller, lighter colored plant
Which of the following is not one of the reasons that alcohol use was popular thousands of years ago?
It is an antibiotic and antiviral that helped cure people of diseases such as the plague
If 2 drugs are taken concurrently and both are metabolized by the CYP450 enzyme system, large amounts of drug A will increase the metabolism of drug B.
False
Individuals who suffer from mental illness are significantly less likely to smoke cigarettes
False
Ingesting opium gives a rapid, more intense and more addictive high than smoking opium.
False
It is best to take pills with grapefruit juice.
False
It is clearly therapeutic to reduce a fever with the earliest onset of even a marginal increase in body temperate (say 101.5 degrees F), hence prevention the progression of disease. (p 367)
False
It is more expensive to treat drug users than to incarcerate them.
False
It is very difficult and expensive to synthesize amphetamine.
False
It takes about 6 months for tolerance to develop to tobacco use
False
Jason and Jonathan are both in 1 st grade, Jason is 6 years old and 1 month and Jonathan is 6 years old and 11 months. Jonathan is more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD
False
Korsafoff's syndrome is associated with depletion of stores of vitamin D.
False
LSD and psilocybin are highly addictive and have a dangerously low therapeutic index.
False
Lithium is one of the safest drugs on the market; its therapeutic index is approximately 750
False
Marijuana decreases heart rate
False
Marijuana scores a "zero" on the addictiveness scale
False
Members of the Native American Church are legally able to use any and all drugs in their religious ceremonies
False
Most diagnoses of depression are based on a blood test that measures a genetic marker in the blood
False
Most nicotine is created synthetically in the lab and no longer comes from the tobacco plant
False
Most of the persons diagnosed with schizophrenia have multiple personalities.
False
OTC drugs are not approved for sale unless they have no potential interactions with any other drugs
False
One advantage to getting information about drugs from the Internet is that it is certain to be peer reviewed.
False
Only in about 5 countries do citizens live longer than in the United States of America.
False
Prozac is extremely effective in treating PTSD in 75% of patients
False
Psilocybin is the major psychoactive ingredient in peyote
False
Receptors are most commonly located on the axon of a neuron.
False
Sedative/hypnotic drugs increase the amount of time spent in REM sleep.
False
Since alcohol and PCP work at different sites, it is safe to combine alcohol with PCP
False
Since scientists are always objective, their observations are free from bias.
False
Studies prove that vaping smoke of e-cigarettes is the most effective way to quit smoking.
False
Sublingual drugs are administered with a hypodermic needle and injected under the skin.
False
Telescoping is a term used to describe the time it takes to go from starting drinking alcoholic beverages to have serious problems resulting from drinking excessively. True or false, the one bright spot with respect to women drinking is that women do not telescope as quickly as men?
False
The Controlled Substances Act raised the blood alcohol content standard for a DUI from 0.01% to 0.08%.
False
The FDA does not have the authority to regulate the sale and manufacture of e-cigarettes
False
The FDA drug approval process typically takes about 5-7 years.
False
The FDA had no authority over drugs until the passage of the Controlled Substances Act in 1970.
False
The La Guardia Report of 1944 found that marijuana was not addictive, but the Shafer Commission of 1972 found that marijuana was both addictive and dangerous
False
The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 made it illegal to be addicted to marijuana.
False
The Opium Wars were when England went to war against China to try to make China stop smuggling their opium into England.
False
The alcohol beverage industry spends almost a $ 1 billion per year on all media advertising.
False
The average American drinks much more alcohol today than in any time in our history
False
The capillaries of the brain and spinal cord are leakier than the capillaries of the liver.
False
The many of the drugs prescribed for treating major depressive disorder (that has been used for many years) relieves depression shortly after its administration, but its effects wane rapidly.
False
The more punitive a country's drug laws, the less drug use there is in that country.
False
The placenta is a very effective barrier to drug distribution, keeping out almost all drugs from entering the fetus' circulation.
False
The rate of positive drug tests in those applying for welfare is 50% higher than that in the general population
False
The respiratory centers of the brainstem begin to be significantly inhibited with a single alcoholic drink
False
The standard for binge drinking is the same for both girls and boys and for women and men.?
False
The term "spice" is used, in popular culture of drug-use, to indicate drugs such as Ritalin.
False
The terms "dependence" and "addiction" are interchangeable
False
There is no solid evidence that chronic use of marijuana (say rather consistently on a near daily basis for say decades) decreases, on average, cognitive functions such as attention span and memory.
False
Those who relapse repeatedly will never be able to recover from AOD use
False
Tolerance develops to benzodiazepines but not to barbiturates.
False
True or False, Canabis leaves and flowers of tiny, sticky, hairs contain about 40 chemicals, which about 30 are unique to the Canabis plant. (pg. 207, Text)
False
True or False, Cannabis leaves and flowers of tiny, sticky, hairs contain about 40 chemicals, which about 30 are unique to the Canabis plant. (pg. 207, Text)
False
True or false, Studies prove that vaping (using e-cigarettes) is the most effective way to quit smoking cigarettes?
False
True or false, despite extensive research , no one has isolated an endogenous opioid agonist?
False
True or false, does chronic use of opioid antagonists produce itch?
False
True or false, doses of opioid antagonists are used as therapeutic doses for treating diarrhea and suppression of cough.
False
True or false, morphine binds to GABA receptors?
False
True/False, Typically, we only use 50% of our brains?
False
Until the development of the birth control pill, women had no contraceptive options in the United States
False
When a drug is called an antagonist, it means the drug mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter.
False
When cigarette ads were banned in the U.S. broadcast media, the tobacco industry decreased the size of its marketing budget
False
When overdose to benzodiazepines occurs, it is usually due to seizure.
False
When taken with cocaine, alcohol forms a new compound in the body that essentially inactivates cocaine's actions.
False
Which of the following is true about the "Therapeutic Index" (TI)
False
Wines are usually about 12% ethanol, i.e., about 50 proof?
False
Withdrawal from cocaine lasts for 2-3 months and is potentially life threatening.
False
Women have more enzymatic "destruction" of ethanol in their stomachs than men?
False
XTC is a sedative.
False
Your professor disagrees with the Governor of New York State when the Governor is trying to ban the sale of flavored vaping products.
False
Which is true about the use of performance enhancing drugs?
Female high school students who use steroids are less likely to play school-sponsored team sports
Name the short acting opioid agonist that is a major component in the current opioid crises.
Fentanyl
Which of the following is most directly involved with decisions, judgment, and reasoning?
Frontal lobe
One of the following neurotransmitters is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, i.e., causes inhibition of action potentials. Pick it.
GABA
Which one of the following neurotransmitters do benzodiazepines affect?
GABA
Which is true about Viagra?
It is one of the 20 most commonly prescribed drugs in the United States
Which is true about MDMA?
It is structurally similar to dopamine and norepinephrine
Which is true about adenosine?
It lowers heart rate
Which is true about LSD?
It mostly works by affecting serotonin
Which of the following is true of Implanon/ Nexplanon?
It must be inserted and removed by a health-care professional
What is the difference between khat and cat?
Khat is cathinone; cat is methcathinone. Methcathinone is more lipid soluble and more potent
Which of the following is false about opioids such as morphine or heroin?
Local anesthetic
Which of the following is not one of the criteria listed in the DSM for substance abuse disorder?
Loss of all social interactions
Which of the following is not a withdrawal symptom associated with chronic use of tobacco products?
Loss of appetite
Which psychological disorder is characterized by overwhelming sadness, feelings of worthlessness and a loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities?
Major depressive disorder
Which is true about the prevalence of cocaine use?
Males are more likely to use than females
Which of the following has the lowest number of deaths attributed to its use?
Marijuana
Chronic users of marijuana develop tolerance to all of the below except:
Memory effects
Which is false about laxatives?
Metamucil is a nerve agent which increases the firing of the nerves that run to the intestines
Which of the following is true about AOD prevention programs on college campuses?
Minimum legal drinking age laws may be the most effective way to reduce alcohol use on college campuses
Which of the following is a type of opioid receptor?
Mu
Morphine is to Methadone as Naloxone is to ___.
Naltrexone
Morphine is to Methadone as Naloxone is to _____.
Naltrexone
Pick the odd one.
Naltrexone
Which opioid is a long-lasting opioid antagonist?
Naltrexone
Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Neglect of personal hygiene
Which is not a reason that explains why tobacco is so addictive?
Nicotine has a very long half-life, so it stays in the system for months
We have data on drug-related deaths in the USA (drug overdoses). Those data are different now than a decade ago. Currently, the kind of drug causing the most death is ____.
Opiods
The first pass effect occurs with which of the following routes of administration?
Oral
Which is the most common route of administration for sedative/hypnotics?
Oral
The term "endorphin " refers to ___.
peptide manufactured in the brain that has opioid-like effects
"I had a bad reaction to the Pill, so birth control pills should be taken off the market" is an example of a hasty generalization.
True
5% of American adults, and 10% of Americans between the ages of 12 and 17, report using opioid drugs for non-medical purposes.
True
A drug that is smoked gets to the brain faster than one that is injected.
True
A forfeiture laws states that the government can confiscate anything in one's possession at the time of a drug arrest.
True
A larger, more bitter placebo pill would give a more effective placebo response than a smaller tasteless one.
True
A neuron can decreases the number of its receptors in response to an increased amount of neurotransmitter.
True
A placebo is a pharmacologically inert substance that can sometimes elicit a significant therapeutic response.
True
About 30% of the population of the USA does not drink alcoholic beverages (or perhaps, very, very rarely).
True
About half of all Americans will meet the criteria for a mental health disorder during their lifetime
True
Acetaldehyde is a product of the metabolism of ethanol?
True
Acetaminophen is used more frequently than aspirin
True
Adenosine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter
True
All else being equal, the same amount of ethanol will make a woman more intoxicated than a man.?
True
As a user moves towards dependency, drug use may become a big part of his or her social identity
True
Beer is made from fermented grains
True
Budweiser, the classic American beer company is now owned by a company headquartered in Europe?
True
Buprenorphine is safer and more effective than methadone
True
Drug tolerance refers to a phenomenon whereby chronic use of a drug can decrease the drug's effects
True
Drugs that reduce anxiety are called anxiolytics.
True
Ethanol induces dopamine release from DA neurons by blocking GABA's inhibitory effects on dopaminergic neurons. (p 288).
True
F rom both the animal-lab and epidemiological studies, frequent intake of alcoholic beverages during adolescence increase the diagnoses of alcoholism (alcohol use disorder) during womanhood.
True
Females use prescription sedative/hypnotics more than males.
True
Fentanyl is highly lipid-soluble, and so it has a rapid onset and short duration of action.
True
First generation antipsychotics block dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and histamine receptors
True
From both the animal-lab and epidemiological studies, frequent intake of alcoholic beverages during adolescence increase the diagnoses of alcoholism (alcohol use disorder) during womanhood.
True
Generally, the more cannabidiol a strain of cannabis has, the less THC
True
Glutamate is an amino acid and it is also the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS.
True
Heroin use has increased significantly over the past years.
True
High school girls use alcohol and inhalants at a higher rate than do high school boys.
True
Ice is to methamphetamine as crack is to cocaine
True
If a heroin addict takes the same dose of heroin, by the same route of administration every day, but one day takes the same amount in a new environment, he or she can die of an overdose.
True
If the same trend that is currently being tabulated continues, there is apt to be more women-alcoholics than men-alcoholics in the USA?
True
If you lend a drug-dealing friend your cell phone, and he uses it to make a drug deal, you may be charged with drug conspiracy.
True
If you were to block the reuptake of a neurotransmitter, it would increase that neurotransmitter's effects at the postsynaptic neuron.
True
In Uruguay, drug use or possession for personal consumption is not criminalized
True
In a lecture, a graph was shown how much harm (turmoil and disease) was caused by chronic intake of a variety of addictive substances as judged by experts on the topic. True of false, addiction to alcoholic beverages was ranked as the most deleterious addiction, i.e., caused the most harm: and more harm than addiction to heroin and cocaine.
True
In a lecture, a graph was shown that indicated that persons who had benzodiazepines prescribed for them as anti-anxiety or anti-insomnia drugs had shorter life-spans that persons with a history of taking benzodiazepines.
True
In lectures, the professor, discussed the success rate of psychotropic drugs as medicines for anxiety, depression and insomnia. The conclusion was drawn that, at best , the prescribed drugs were only marginally successful in curing the listed problems.
True
In some counties of the United States, it is illegal to possess alcohol.
True
In some states, pharmacists or other health care providers can refuse to fill a prescription for birth control pills if they do not personally believe in the use of contraceptives
True
In terms of pharmacokinetics, first-order kinetics refers to the rate of a drug's metabolism is proportional to the concentration of the drug.
True
In the 18th century Britain went to war with China in order to force them to buy opium. (p 143)
True
In the United States, more people drink alcohol than use all illicit drugs combined.
True
In those with schizophrenia, dopamine is hyperactive in the mesolimbic pathway and underactive in the mesocortical pathway
True
Ingesting opium gives a rapid, more intense and more addictive high than smoking opium.
True
Injecting opioids is more addictive than ingesting them.
True
Instead of being stored in vesicles, endocannabinoids are rapidly synthesized when needed
True
It is a hasty generalization when people trust in their own personal experiences more than data and evidence.
True
It is a scientifically derived fact that women can easily be poisoned by regularly drinking alcoholic beverages.
True
It is clearly more reasonable, from a social perspective, that children learn to drink alcoholic beverages at an age such as 13 to 15 years old; thereby allowing them to get knowledge about drinking and how much to drink, rather than drinking when first becomes legal to drink?
True
Ketamine was used as a surgical anesthetic on the battlefields in Vietnam
True
Korsakoff's syndrome is highly related to an insufficient amount of B vitamin in circulation.
True
Less alcohol dehydrogenase is produced in the morning than at night
True
Long term heavy alcoholic beverage consumption can and often does decreases brain tissues
True
Loss of sleep and decreased appetite are common side effects of Ritalin
True
MDMA increases levels of oxytocin
True
MDMA may permanently damage serotonin neurons
True
Many benzodiazepines end with the suffice "-epam" or "-olam."
True
Marijuana decreases heart rate
True
Marijuana is an effective treatment for chronic pain in adults
True
Marijuana today generally has a significantly higher THC content than the marijuana that was available in the 1960s and 1970s
True
Melatonin is classified as a dietary supplement, and as such is not regulated by the FDA
True
More Americans are dependent on marijuana than on prescription pain medications
True
More boys than girls are diagnosed with ADHD
True
Most experts agree alcoholism is the most serious of our drug problems, i.e., causing more trouble and mayhem than other drug-problems?
True
Most songs that contain references to alcohol or drug use portrayed positive consequences more than negative consequences.
True
Naturally occurring drugs, such as marijuana or peyote, cannot be patented.
True
Non-narcotic analgesics can alleviate a rise in body temperature (fever). (p 367)
True
On its own, cocaine is not particularly well absorbed into the bloodstream when taken orally, because it constricts the blood vessels of the mouth and is broken down in the acidic stomach.
True
Once heroin reaches the brain, it is converted back into morphine.
True
One in eight women in the USA is apt to develop breast cancer?
True
One reason binge drinking is so dangerous is because alcohol exhibits zero order kinetics instead of first order kinetics
True
Opioid pain relievers are responsible for more deaths than from heroin and cocaine combined.
True
Opioids cause constipation.
True
Opium was a common ingredient in many patent medicines in the 19 th century.
True
Patients prescribed any hypnotic are more likely to die earlier than those never using hypnotics.
True
Peer influences and role models are among the most powerful factors influencing whether a person begins using and abusing drugs
True
People with schizophrenia may have reduced volumes in their frontal lobes
True
Perhaps as few as 5 or 6 drinks (usual amounts in bottled beer or a glass of wine) a drinking session on a near daily basis is likely to result in significant brain damage.
True
Physical, emotional, and sexual abuse as a child can raise the probability of developing depression later in life
True
Pseudoephedrine can be used to produce methamphetamine.
True
Repeated use of amphetamine over days or weeks can lead to a psychotic state that resembles schizophrenia
True
Rum is distilled from molasses
True
Serotonin is generally considered an inhibitory neurotransmitter throughout the brain and body.
True
Some of the synthesized synthetic cannabinoids have been declared illegal drugs in the USA.
True
Students with drug charges are prohibited from receiving federal aid and student loans for colleges and universities.
True
THC and its metabolites have long half-lives and may remain in the body for many days or even weeks after use
True
The CDC estimates that secondhand smoke is the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States behind active smoking and alcohol
True
The USA has about 5% of the World's population. True or false, the USA consumes about 65% of the world's supply of illicit drugs?
True
The United States consumes 85% of the world's medically prescribed amphetamines.
True
The United States has more prisoners per capita than any other industrialized nation on earth.
True
The United States is one of the world's largest consumers of cocaine.
True
The area of the brain that is most involved in rational decision-making and planning in not fully developed until well into a person's twenties.
True
The average professional NBA player's salary is more than 100 times the average annual salary of a secretary
True
The best way to avoid drug abuse and addiction is to prevent someone from starting rather than trying to get them to stop
True
The blood brain barrier keeps most large, water-soluble substances out of the brain.
True
The following statement (or very similar one) was made in your text: The rate of increase in diagnosis of ADHD has been so large, across recent decades, that it can't solely be due to neurological changes.
True
The human body makes an endogenous form of THC. (p 197)
True
There is some rather strong evidence that use of smoked marijuana exacerbates schizophrenic symptoms.
True
Those who are age 21-25 have the highest rates of binge drinking
True
True or False, Asian and Black groups (identified socially) are the groups that use the least amount of use of illegal stimulants. (p 107, text)
True
True or False, Most marijuana laws only mention Cannabis sativa? (pg. 206, Text)
True
True or False, Spice, also called K2, is commercially available, but is labeled as "not for human consumption?" (pg 209, text)
True
True or False, THC levels in sold marijuana products have increased almost yearly from 2001 to 2013? (pg 208, Text)
True
True or False, The Dept. of Agriculture has research to indicate that fiber hemp grown during 4-6 months, has the same amount of paper as 4-5 acres as 20 year-old trees?
True
True or False, according to data presented in a class-meeting that over 50 other nations' citizens live longer than citizens of the USA?
True
True or False, in the introductory lecture it was presented that, in 1994, it was found that Adverse Drug Reactions was the 4th leading cause of death and that currently Accidents (or unintended injuries) are the 3rd leading cause of death and Accidents include adverse drug reactions?
True
True or false, OxyContin is an opioid analgesic?
True
True or false, amphetamine doses are a common medicine for the treatment attention deficit-hyperactive syndrome among children? (p 109, text)
True
True or false, are there as many as three endogenous opioids?
True
True or false, do opioid agonists when used as pain-killers induce constipation?
True
True or false, does the text say "During prenatal brain development, a fetus creates about 250 neurons a minute?"
True
True or false, dopaminergic cells of the brain play a significant role in the reinforcing effects of alcoholic beverages?
True
When a drug is called an agonist, it means the drug mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter.
True
When cocaine HCl is separated from acid—when you free the base—it crosses the BBB easier.
True
With chronic use, the liver becomes able to metabolize opioids faster.
True
Withdrawal from chronic heavy alcohol use is more dangerous than withdrawal from long-term heroin use.
True
Withdrawal from chronic intake of alcoholic beverages can be fatal?
True
Withdrawal from sedative/hypnotics can cause insomnia.
True
Withdrawal symptoms are typically opposite to those of the direct effects of the drug.
True
Withdrawal symptoms to stimulants, e.g., cocaine, include depression.
True
Which is true about tolerance to hallucinogenic drugs?
Users of one hallucinogenic drug also become tolerant to the effects of other hallucinogenic drugs
Recreational use of which of the following is not a schedule I drug?
Valium
Which is true about vaporizing marijuana?
Vaping marijuana does not get hot enough to burn the plant material
Which is true about the mechanism of action of sedative/hypnotics?
When benzodiazepines bind to the GABA receptor, they allow more chloride to enter the cell
Which of the following factors do not influence the penalties for drug trafficking?
Whether the person has a proven biological predisposition for addiction
Which is true about the demographics of depression?
Women are more likely to be diagnosed with major depression than men are
One of the following will abate alcohol withdrawal symptoms sufficiently to be considered a medicine for the withdrawal. Pick it.
benzodiazepine
Using high doses of amphetamines for multiple days ___. (p 109, text)
can induce a depletion of neuronal stores of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin, hence leaving the drug-user with neural circuits involving these neurotransmitters less functional
pick the odd one.
heroin
Which of the following anatomical structure is highly associated with memory?
hippocampus
One of the following is more closely associated with modern theories of addictions than the others. Pick the one that could reasonably be more associated with modern theory than the others.
indulgence and gluttony
Compared to morphine, methadone
is longer-lasting
Nicotine is to Tobacco as ___ is to poppy plants.
morphine
Which of the following is the drug of choice to treat opioid-induced respiratory depression?
naloxone
There was a time in Finland when the taxes on alcoholic beverages were substantially reduced. One of the following was a consequence of that. Pick it.
rate of alcohol beverage intake increased significantly, particularly for women living alone.
A man arrives at the emergency room with needle tracts on his arm and respiratory depression that is dangerous. He is given a large dose of naloxone, but that seems to do little to lift the respiratory depression. Such actions __.
rule out overdoses of opioids as a reason for the respiratory depression
Approximately how much does the average U.S. household spend on OTC products per year?
$330
Nine months after psychotherapy for alcoholism, one can expect that about _______% of those getting that therapy to be abstinent from alcohol (or to be drinking only occasionally and then only a moderate amount).
20
Which of the following age group has the highest rate of current alcohol use? (B) (easy)
21 - 29
What percentage of the population of the United States uses tobacco?
24%
Approximately what percent of the population in the U.S. are considered to have substance dependence or abuse?
8%
Which of the following is associated with long-term use of opioids?
A and C
Which is true about alcohol use among college students?
A and C are true
Which of the following is the most common side effect of oral contraceptives?
A change in skin pigmentation
An antagonist is
A drug which binds to a receptor without producing an effect except to block other substances from the receptor
Which is true about current drug laws in the United States?
A person may be charged with "intent to distribute" if the possessor has large amounts of drug, drug paraphernalia, packaging material, large amounts of money, or communications from customers
Which of the following is true about the crime of drug possession?
A person may be charged with drug possession if they have a bong or syringe, even if the paraphernalia has never been used
Which of these school-based prevention programs is the most effective in preventing drug use and abuse?
A structured, interactive, long-term program that provides information and life skills
Which of the following is true about alcohol?
Acetaldehyde is toxic, and may cause vomiting
According to the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, which of the following is in order of overall harm, from most harmful to least harmful?
Alcohol, heroin, cocaine, marijuana, LSD
Which of the following factors increase a person's risk of relapse?
All of the above
Which of the following does NOT affect the metabolism of drugs?
All of the above affect the metabolism of drugs
Dr. Kinsey is studying the effect of marijuana on cognition. He wants to see the relationship between marijuana and the ability to solve math problems. One hundred and fifty male volunteer participants come to the laboratory. Half of them smoke a joint. The other half smoke a clove cigarette. Participants don't know which they are smoking. Twenty minutes later, they are brought into a room and take a math test. Which of the following is correct?
All of the above are false
Which is true about Gardasil?
All of the above are false
Which is true about secondhand smoke?
All of the above are false
Which of the following is not increased in those with untreated ADHD?
All of the above are increased
Which is true about anabolic-androgenic steroid use?
All of the above are true
Which is not one of the ways amphetamine increase levels of dopamine in the synapse?
Binds directly to postsynaptic receptors
Which is false about drug laws and race?
Blacks account for about 14% of those in state prison for drug crimes
Which of the following is false about tricyclic antidepressants?
Block reuptake of acetylcholine
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which cocaine exerts its effects
Blocks reuptake of acetylcholine
Which of these drugs is not typically used to help people deal with opioid addiction?
Bupropion
Which is false about caffeine?
Caffeine is found in about 5 different species of plants
Which is true about the actions of anabolic-androgenic steroids in women?
Causes enlargement of the clitoris
The best way to separate fact from fiction regarding information about a drug that has been reported in the popular press is to
Check out the primary source
Which of these is the name for the liver damage that occurs in chronic heavy drinkers?
Cirrhosis
Nicotine is to tobacco as ____ is to coca plants.
Cocaine
Pick the odd one
Cocaine
Which is true about the demographics of drug use in the United States?
Compared to other races, people of Asian descent report the lowest rates of illicit drug use
Dr. Tyler is studying the effect of Ritalin on test scores. He gives 50 college seniors Ritalin for one year and measures their test scores over the course of the year. What is missing from Dr. Tyler's experimental design?
Control groups
Which is true about the cold virus?
Cough and cold medications may actually delay healing
Which of the following is false about opioids such as morphine or heroin?
Cough suppressant
Which of the following is not a potential medical benefit of caffeine, coffee, tea, or chocolate?
Curing Parkinson's disease
Cocaine increases the activity of GABA in the brain.
False
D rinking sufficient amounts of coffee will allow a drunk to sober-up faster?
False
Depression is a purely psychological condition with no physiological abnormalities
False
Which of the following is the generic name of the drug?
Diazepam
Which is true about dietary supplements?
Dietary supplements don't have to label the active ingredient or potential adverse effects
If there is such a thing, which of the following neurotransmitters is clearly associated with the feeling of pleasure or the feeling of doing something that is good?
Dopamine
There is one neurotransmitter and one neuroanatomical system associated with that neurotransmitter that is more related to the development of addictions to many, if not all, drug-addictions. That neurotransmitter is _____.
Dopamine
Which of the following is not a characteristic seen in fetal alcohol syndrome?
Dwarfism
In addition to pain relief, morphine is effective against ___.
Dysentery
Which of the following is an endogenous substance?
Endorphin
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with harm reduction policies?
Enforcing mandatory minimum sentences
Which of the following is false regarding reproductive hormones?
Estrogen feeds back to the pituitary to increase the secretion of FSH and LH
Nicotine is to tobacco as ____ is to alcoholic beverages.
Ethanol
A _________ is a term used to describe an argument that doesn't address the facts and instead focuses on irrelevant and unrelated matters
Fallacy of relevance
"Drug trafficking" refers to driving while intoxicated.
False
A drug that causes pain is called an "agonist."
False
A drug with a therapeutic index of 5 is safer than a drug with a therapeutic index of 500.
False
A short-acting benzodiazepines would best treat anxiety, while a longer-acting benzodiazepine would be better for insomnia.
False
After prohibition ended, organized crime's involvement in drugs diminished enormously.
False
Although alcoholic beverages can cause such as fetal alcohol intake and damage to the liver, hardly anyone who drinks has cancer. And that is touted by the alcoholic beverage companies when they say drinking is healthy
False
American farmers of places like Kentucky during the early days of the colonies were the first to have developed the process of distillation allowing a high concentration of ethanol in alcoholic beverages?
False
Any elevation in body temperature over 98.6 degrees is dangerous and should be treated with NSAIDs
False
Barbiturates are addictive but benzodiazepines are not.
False
Cannabis sativa has a higher cannabidiol to THC ratio
False
Cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of schizophrenia
False
Carrie Nation is a modern, popular singer who drank herself to death?
False
Which of the following does not relate to pharmacokinetics?
How well a drug binds to a receptor
What is the "observer effect?"
If participants know they're being observed, they may alter their behavior
Which route of administration gets a drug to the brain fastest?
Inhalation
Mendax Pharmaceuticals is trying out their new antidepressant. One group of participants took the new drug, another group received a placebo, and a third had a weekly meeting with a therapist. Midway through the trial, the therapist had to drop out, and was replaced by a new therapist. Because of this, the experiment may not be ____
Internally valid
Compared to morphine, methadone
Is longer-lasting
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main dopaminergic pathways in the brain?
Pontocerebellar pathway that helps control sleep and appetite
Which is true about hormonal contraception?
Progestins thicken the cervical mucus
Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of NSAIDs?
Promotes blood clotting
Which is true about drug dependence?
Psychological dependence can be more powerful than physical dependence
Which of these is one of the effects that tobacco has on the heart?
Raises blood pressure
Which is true about the Controlled Substances Act?
Repealed, replaced, and consolidated all previous federal drug laws
How is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder usually diagnosed?
Reports from family and teachers
Which of the following is not seen with opioid withdrawal?
Respiratory depression
Which is true about drugs used to treat ADHD?
Ritalin is a brand of methylphenidate
Which of the following is not an example of a Z drug?
Rozerem
More cigarettes are consumed in ____ than any other country.
Russian Federation
Which is false about treatments for schizophrenia?
Second generation antipsychotics are about 3 times more effective than first generation antipsychotics
Which of the following treatment options for substance abuse has the greatest number of people?
Self-help groups
Which of the following best describes "panic disorder"?
Severe attacks of anxiety for no apparent reason. The sufferer may feel as though they are having a heart attack.
Of the following routes of administration, which of the following choices is in order from fastest onset of action to slowest?
Smoked, injected, snorted, oral
Which is true about caffeine consumption around the world?
Some of the countries of Northern Europe have the highest caffeine consumption in the world
Opiod Receptors are to Heroin as Cannabinoid receptors are to _________.
THC
Opioid Receptors are to Heroin as Cannabinoid receptors are to _________.
THC
Which is false about drugs derived from natural sources?
THC is more chemically complex than marijuana
Which is true?
The FDA limits soft drinks to 71 mg of caffeine per 12 ounce drink
Which is true about alcohol use in the 19th century in the United States?
The early 19th century was a time of the heaviest drinking in the country's history
Which of the following is the current knowledge on whether MDMA is neurotoxic in human users? (p 139, text)
The effects of using MDMA as a recreational drug are highly controversial.
Which is true about the causes of major depressive disorder?
The hippocampus of someone with long-term clinical depression is smaller compared to someone without depression
Which of the following might best explain the surge in heroin use over the past decade?
The increased use of prescription pain medications
Which of the following is not a psychological trait associated with depression?
They believe that negative events will last a short time and are relatively insignificant
What is the name of the Harvard professor who, in the 1960s, encouraged the use of hallucinogens and gave LSD to his students?
Timothy Leary
Which is correct about the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs?
Tricyclic antidepressants block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine and also block the effects of acetylcholine and histamine
In class, it was stated that perhaps the best example of intervention designed to prevent problems associated with addictions were those associated with ____.
cigarette smoking
Nicotine is to tobacco as ____ is to coca plants.
cocaine
Dextromethorphan is a drug designed for _________ .
cough
In addition to pain relief, morphine is effective against ___.
dysentery
Nicotine is to tobacco as ____ is to alcoholic beverages.
ethanol
With regard to the training of therapists and councilors for drug abuse treatment, research has discovered that ___.
the variable of training of therapists and councilors does not account for any significant portion of the variance of indices of successful outcomes of treatment
The recommendation of nearly all health professionals is that pregnant women drink no more than __ drinks (alcoholic beverages) a day.
zero
