DSM CH 12 Module 5: Sections 12.09-12.11

Which of the following statements concerning epilepsy is incorrect? It involves abnormal discharges from a group of brain neurons. It is associated with intellectual impairment. Most cases are caused by brain injuries, such as blows to the head, stroke, or infections. It can have a genetic factor. It affects <5% of the population.

It is associated with intellectual impairment.

Identify the spinal cord tract indicated by C: Fasciculus gracilis Ventral spinothalamic Lateral spinothalamic Fasciculus cuneatus

Lateral spinothalamic

Match the area of the spinal cord where damage would lead to paraplegia: Lumbar enlargement (between T1 and L1) Cervical enlargement Upper motor neurons Lower motor neurons

Lumbar enlargement (between T1 and L1)

Which of the following conditions results from viral destruction of ventral horn motor neurons? Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Meningitis Paraplegia Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis

Which of the following is not a stage of sleep? NREM stage 1 REM2 NREM stage 4 REM

REM2

Match the letter to the expected behavior: C High-amplitude waves seen during deep sleep and when the reticular activating system is suppressed, such as during anesthesia. In awake adults, they indicate brain damage. Rhythmic, but less regular than alpha waves and with a higher frequency. These waves occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus. Relatively regular and rhythmic, low-amplitude, synchronous waves. In most cases, they indicate a brain that is "idling"—a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness. More irregular. Though common in children, these waves are uncommon in awake adults but may appear when concentrating.

Rhythmic, but less regular than alpha waves and with a higher frequency. These waves occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus.

Choose the true statement regarding second-order neurons. Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the thalamus. Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in a ganglion. Second-order neurons conduct impulses to the spinal cord or brain stem, where they synapse.

Second-order neuron cell bodies reside in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Match the disease with its associated lesion in the CNS: Alzheimer's disease Hereditary disease associated with massive degeneration in the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex YOU WERE SURE AND INCORRECT Degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the basal nuclei The cerebrum and part of the brain stem never develop because the neural folds fail to fuse rostrally Failure to close the caudal end of the neural tube during embryonic development Shortage of ACh and structural changes in the brain

Shortage of ACh and structural changes in the brain

Match the area of the spinal cord where damage would lead to quadriplegia: Upper motor neurons Lower motor neurons Cervical enlargement/region Lumbar enlargement

Cervical enlargement/region

Identify the spinal cord tract indicated by B: Fasciculus cuneatus Ventral spinothalamic Lateral spinothalamic Fasciculus gracilis

Fasciculus cutaneatus

Match the letter to the expected behavior: A Relatively regular and rhythmic, low-amplitude, synchronous waves. In most cases, they indicate a brain that is "idling"—a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness. More irregular. Though common in children, these waves are uncommon in awake adults but may appear when concentrating. High-amplitude waves seen during deep sleep and when the reticular activating system is suppressed, such as during anesthesia. In awake adults, they indicate brain damage. Rhythmic, but less regular than alpha waves and with a higher frequency. These waves occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus.

More irregular. Though common in children, these waves are uncommon in awake adults but may appear when concentrating.

Match the letter to the expected behavior: D More irregular. Though common in children, these waves are uncommon in awake adults but may appear when concentrating. High-amplitude waves seen during deep sleep and when the reticular activating system is suppressed, such as during anesthesia. In awake adults, they indicate brain damage. Relatively regular and rhythmic, low-amplitude, synchronous waves. In most cases, they indicate a brain that is "idling"—a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness. Rhythmic, but less regular than alpha waves and with a higher frequency. These waves occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus.

Relatively regular and rhythmic, low-amplitude, synchronous waves. In most cases, they indicate a brain that is "idling"—a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness.

Which of the following is not commonly associated with coma? Liver or kidney failure Tumors of the brain stem Stroke Metabolic disturbances such as hypoglycemia Drug overdose

Stroke

Which of the following is not a continuum of consciousness? Lethargic Coma Alert Stupor Relaxed

relaxed

Which of the following is false with regard to the blood brain barrier? The blood brain barrier is strengthened in newborn infants to add extra protection to the developing brain. In some brain areas surrounding the third and fourth ventricles, the barrier is entirely absent and the capillary endothelium is quite permeable, allowing bloodborne molecules easy access to the neural tissue. One such region is the vomiting center of the brain stem, which monitors the blood for poisonous substances. The hypothalamus, which regulates water balance, body temperature, and many other metabolic activities lacks a blood brain barrier. This lack of a blood brain barrier is essential to allow the hypothalamus to sample the chemical composition of the blood. Injury to the brain, whatever the cause, may result in a localized breakdown of the blood brain barrier.

The blood brain barrier is strengthened in newborn infants to add extra protection to the developing brain.

Choose the true statement regarding pyramidal cells. They are found within the cerebral sulci. They provide for control of our involuntary muscles. They integrate sensory input to produce an understanding of an object being felt. They allow us to control our skeletal muscles.

They allow us to control our skeletal muscles.

Match the area of the spinal cord where damage would lead to flaccid paralysis: Lumbar enlargement Upper motor neurons Cervical enlargement Lower motor neurons

Upper motor neurons

Identify the spinal cord structure indicated by E: Dorsal root ganglion Ventral horn Ventral root Dorsal root Dorsal horn

Ventral horn

What is located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord gray matter? Interneurons that receive input from visceral sensory neurons Interneurons that receive input from somatic sensory neurons Somatic motor soma Visceral motor soma

Visceral motor soma

In order for a chemicals like a pharmaceutical agent to penetrate the blood brain barrier, it can be made to be __________. made of proteins similar to waste products that are able to enter the brain fat soluble similar to small nonessential amino acids

fat soluble

Acting as an excitotoxin, the main culprit in the damage caused by a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) is __________. glutamate low levels of calcium acetylcholine serotonin

glutamate

All of the following features can be seen in the brain tissue of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease except __________. tau increased levels of acetylcholine in the basal forebrain shrinkage of all brain tissues toxic beta amyloid peptide

increased levels of acetylcholine in the basal forebrain

Match the area of the spinal cord where damage would lead to spastic paralysis: Lower motor neurons Upper motor neurons Cervical enlargement Lumbar enlargement

upper motor neurons

Which of the following is untrue concerning Alzheimer's disease? Alzheimer's patients represent nearly half of the people living in nursing homes. Up to half of deaths for those over 85 is contributed to by Alzheimer's disease. An alternate pronunciation of Alzheimer's disease is "old-timers" or "all-timers" disease. Between 5 and 15% of people over 65 develop this condition.

An alternate pronunciation of Alzheimer's disease is "old-timers" or "all-timers" disease.

Match the disease with its associated lesion in the CNS: Parkinson's disease Hereditary disease associated with massive degeneration in the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex The cerebrum and part of the brain stem never develop because the neural folds fail to fuse rostrally Failure to close the caudal end of the neural tube during embryonic development Degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the basal nuclei Shortage of ACh and structural changes in the brain

Degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the basal nuclei

Match the letter to the expected behavior: B More irregular. Though common in children, these waves are uncommon in awake adults but may appear when concentrating. High-amplitude waves seen during deep sleep and when the reticular activating system is suppressed, such as during anesthesia. In awake adults, they indicate brain damage. Relatively regular and rhythmic, low-amplitude, synchronous waves. In most cases, they indicate a brain that is "idling"—a calm, relaxed state of wakefulness. Rhythmic, but less regular than alpha waves and with a higher frequency. These waves occur when we are mentally alert, as when concentrating on some problem or visual stimulus.

High-amplitude waves seen during deep sleep and when the reticular activating system is suppressed, such as during anesthesia. In awake adults, they indicate brain damage.