Dutton Test 3

Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness

The principle of utility

T/F: An example of a categorical imperative is telling the truth

True

T/F: Murder would be an example of an action that is prohibited by the universability test

True

T/F: We must sometimes choose between conflicting duties

True

Unchanging from country to country

Universal

T/F: Aristippus thought that the highest form of pleasure was self-indulgent love

False

T/F: For Kant, people can be used as means to an end, provided that the motive for doing so is ethically good

False

T/F: John Stuart Mill thought that there was a mathematical basis for determining moral action

False

An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone

Utilitarianism

T/F: The followers of utilitarianism held that no amount of happiness, regardless of how many experienced it, would make up for great suffering experienced by a few

False

T/F: The practices of utilitarianism guarantee the rights of individuals and minorities

False

Those that are universally binding on people

Absolute duties

The diet of an action

Agent

An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to everyone except the diet of the action

Altruism

Another way of referring to prima facie duties is as

Apparent duties

The father of hedonism

Aristippus of Cyrene

The philosopher of those listed who tried to emphasize the higher forms of pleasure, such as intellectual pursuits

Aristippus of Cyrene

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill we're both all of the following except: (Anti-establishment, opposed to the monarchy, radical empiricists, atheistic, democratic)

Atheistic

The duty to improve the conditions of others

Beneficence

What a person must do, regardless of the situation

Categorical imperative

Those that are the result of contracts or agreements between people

Conditional duties

An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable

Consequentialism

This refers to the interrelationship between rights and duties

Correlativity

From the Greek word for duty

Deontological

For Immanuel Kant, morality involves choices based upon:

Duties

Not harming oneself

Duties of the body

to develop one's skills and talents

Duties of the soul

The rights of one person imply that another person or institution has a corresponding:

Duty

An action is morally right if the consequences of that action are more favorable than unfavorable to the performer of the action

Egoism

All of the following are consequentialist theories except: (egoism, utilitarianism, empiricism, altruism)

Empiricism

The approach that holds that knowledge comes through and is verified by the senses

Empiricism

He believed that self restraint in attaining pleasures can have a value

Epicurus

He thought that pain could lead to a maximizing of pleasure

Epicurus

The same for all people

Equal

According to Samuel Pufendorf, all of the following are types of absolute duties except: (avoiding doing wrong to others, promoting the good of others, fulfilling one's promises, treating people as equals)

Fulfilling one's promises

All of the following are categories of duties developed by Samuel Pufendorf except duties towards: (self, others, government, God)

Government

The duty to thank those who help us

Gratitude

The philosophy that holds that pleasure is the chief good in life

Hedonism

All of the following are part of the "felicific calculus" except: (how likely is this to produce pleasure, how many people will be happy, are there any unpleasant side effects, how long will the pleasure last, how intense will the pleasure be)

How many people will be happy

He developed the concept of the categorical imperative

Immanuel Kant

Cannot be handed over to another

Inalienable

He developed the "felicific calculus"

Jeremy Bentham

He said that humans are "...under the governance of two sovereign master, pain and pleasure."

Jeremy Bentham

He wanted to produce "the greatest happiness of the greatest number"

Jeremy Bentham

The author of Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

Jeremy Bentham

A model of ethical altruism

Jesus Christ

He was a leading rights theorist

John Locke

His ideas are the basis for the Bill of Rights

John Locke

The philosopher who developed an understanding of moral rights was:

John Locke

He developed the principle of utility

John Stuart Mill

He said, "It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied."

John Stuart Mill

He was concerned about the "tyranny of the majority"

John Stuart Mill

The author of Utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill

The most recent of the philosophers listed who tried to emphasize the higher forms of pleasure, such as intellectual pursuits

John Stuart Mill

The duty to recognize merit

Justice

Not created by governments

Natural

The duty not to injure others

Nonmaleficence

To worship God

Practical duty

A Latin expression that means "at first view"

Prima facie

One that is "part of the fundamental nature of the universe"

Prima facie duty

This holds that we can discover knowledge through reason

Rationalism

The duty to compensate others when we harm them

Reparation

A justified claim against another person's behavior

Right

He classified duties under three headings

Samuel Pufendorf

In the history of the Catholic Church, all of the following have been regarded as factors which determine the morality of an action except for the: (consequences, seriousness of the act, motive, act itself)

Seriousness of the act

If everyone did what I am thinking of doing, would the result be good or bad?

The universability test

To know the existence and nature of God

Theoretical duty

He developed the idea of prima facie duties

W.D. Ross

The duty to keep promises

fidelity

For Immanuel Kant, the distinguishing feature of a moral action is the:

motive

The meaning an action has for the person performing it

motive

All duty theories base morality on specific principles of:

obligation

The duty to improve our virtue and intelligence

self-improvement