Early American History pt. 1
The Middle Passage refers to the sea voyage from __________.
Africa to the Americas
In which of the following ways was America very different from Europe?
America had plenty of land but lacked labor.
Which of the following was an important difference between seventeenth-century American colonists and their counterparts in England?
American government required greater local initiative.
When Roger Williams and __________ disagreed with Puritan leadership in Boston, they were driven into exile in Rhode Island.
Anne Hutchinson
The first humans to inhabit North America almost certainly migrated from __________.
Asia
What civilization built a great city, Tenochtitlán, on an island in the middle of a lake in their valley?
Aztecs
Why did Benjamin Franklin and his older brother James quarrel?
Ben was smarter and better at his job than James.
Cotton Mather was a(n) __________.
Boston preacher
After establishing a base in northern France, the Norsemen invaded __________ in 1066.
England
In the 1640s and 1650s, __________.
England exerted very little authority over the colonies
The men and women who went out to the colonies from England in the seventeenth century considered themselves __________.
English
Which of the following was a consequence of the fall of the Roman Empire?
European horizons shrank.
Britain and __________ fought a series of wars starting in the late seventeenth century that shaped the development of British North America.
France
James Oglethorpe played a key role in the establishment of the colony of __________.
Georgia
Which of the following was among Ben Franklin's accomplishments?
He founded a lending library.
Why were Columbus's calculations about the length of the journey west from Europe to Asia so far off?
He thought the earth was much smaller than it actually is.
What made Cortés a model conquistador from the Spanish perspective?
He won thousands of converts to Christianity at the same time as he enriched Spain.
Who was the first English monarch to break with the Catholic Church?
Henry VIII
Metacomet launched an offensive against English settlers known as __________.
King Philip's War
Who launched the Reformation in 1517?
Martin Luther
Which of the following was the earliest American civilization?
Maya
What was the outcome of King Philip's War?
Metacomet and his allies were defeated.
In many ways, grandparents were invented in __________.
New England
In what way was Columbus different from Leif Erikson?
Other Europeans were prepared to follow up on Columbus's discovery.
In the late fifteenth century, the Spanish sought to emulate __________ success in establishing trading links with Asia.
Portugal's
William Penn was an influential __________.
Quaker
Which of the following is known with certainty about the story of Pocahontas?
She married John Rolfe.
Which of the following helps explain why manual labor was considered demeaning in the South?
Slavery was much more common in the South.
In 1600, which of the following seemed to most observers to be best positioned to dominate the future of North America?
Spain
Which of the following characterized the French and Spanish colonies in the Americas, but not the English colonies?
Spain and France insisted on political and religious orthodoxy among the persons who went out to the colonies.
What explains the fact that many Indian peoples initially welcomed the European newcomers?
The Europeans brought with them useful items.
Which of the following helps explain why the initial landings of the colonists were generally unchallenged?
The Indians along the Atlantic seaboard had been decimated by disease.
Which event occurred in the same year that Columbus first sailed to the Americas?
The Spanish defeated the last Moorish garrison in Spain.
Which factor best explains why self-government emerged in the British North American colonies?
The colonies were beyond the reach of British government control.
Which of the following was an important difference between New England and Virginia?
The founding of Virginia was inspired by commerce.
Spain's overseas explorations illustrate which generalization?
The most effective policies of any government are typically those that combine altruism and self-interest.
Which statement best explains why the Indians of the Pacific Northwest were some of the wealthiest indigenous people in the Americas?
Their region had bountiful natural resources.
Which of the following most accurately characterizes the governance of British North America?
There was great variety in the way that the various colonies were governed.
How did the fall of Constantinople contribute the advent of the Renaissance in Italy?
When Constantinople fell, many of its scholars and philosophers fled to Italy.
Which statement best describes why the conflict between Protestants and Catholics often had political overtones?
Whole countries tended to follow one version of Christianity or the other.
The great voyages and expeditions of discovery in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were motivated in large measure by __________.
a desire for wealth and Christian zeal
The politics of Parliament were __________ to the inhabitants of the American colonies.
a distant concern
Large cities failed to take root in the region that would become the United States because __________.
agriculture never developed as fully as it did farther south
The timing of the establishment of the Roanoke colony was unfortunate because it coincided with __________.
an attempted Spanish invasion of England
The peoples of North America lived fairly healthy lives until the __________.
arrival of Europeans
When Columbus sighted land on October 12, 1492, he believed that he had __________.
arrived in Asia
American colonists made a strong connection between the presence of the French in the west and __________.
attacks by hostile Indians
James Oglethorpe argued that his proposed colony would help the poor and __________.
block Spanish expansion northward from Florida
By far the greatest number of American colonists made their living __________.
by farming
What crop had the same role in the Americas as rice did in Asia?
corn
Benjamin Franklin was a __________.
deist
In general, what kind of people left England for the American colonies?
dissatisfied risk takers
In contrast to farmers in New England, farmers in the Chesapeake and southern colonies __________.
farmed for commerce
The potlatch was __________.
form of conspicuous consumption
The Jamestown colonists had a royal charter that __________.
gave them the right to conduct business and establish a colony in Virginia
Agriculture led to cities, and cities led to __________.
governments
Francisco Pizarro is best known for __________.
his conquest of the Incas
The first arrivals in North America thought of themselves as __________.
hunters
An important disadvantage of the isolation of Native American populations was that Native Americans failed to develop __________.
immunity to certain diseases
In the late seventeenth century, witches were believed to be __________.
in communion with Satan
The English colonists in North America soon discovered that the continent's most valuable resource was __________.
land
The Viking colony of Vinland was located on the coast of __________.
modern Canada
an attempted Spanish invasion of England
no longer represented the true teachings of Jesus
Potential colonists who lacked the money to pay for passage to North America __________.
often became indentured servants
The typical New England farm __________.
produced much of what the family consumed
The word "Renaissance" means __________.
rebirth
The founders of Maryland hoped to __________.
reproduce the tobacco-based prosperity of Virginia
Columbus proposed to overcome Portugal's head start in making direct contact with the Indies by __________.
sailing west instead of east
Which disease ravaged Native American populations in the sixteenth century?
smallpox
The Viking longships were __________.
suited for ocean travel
The Puritans believed that __________.
the Church of England was too Catholic
The self-reliance of the English colonies was, in part, a consequence of __________.
the English Civil War
Who controlled the politics of Pennsylvania?
the Quakers
Which of the following was central to the Plains Indians' way of life prior to 1500?
the buffalo
The names given to cities and colonies in British North America reflect __________.
the desire of colonists to remain connected to their old life
The key to the Agricultural Revolution was __________.
the discovery and breeding of particular kinds of plants
Which of the following encouraged English investors to put more money into the Jamestown colony?
the discovery of a valuable export crop
Many Indians welcomed Europeans because __________.
they brought with them items the Indians wanted
What was Cortés's primary motive for leaving Spain and traveling to the Americas?
to find greater opportunity
Why did the Dutch found the colony of New Amsterdam?
to make money
Why did the Crusaders go to the Middle East?
to win back Christian holy places from the Muslims
Which crop made Virginia an economically viable colony?
tobacco
In the Salem witch trials, Cotton Mather __________.
took the side of the prosecution
One reason the Vikings took to the seas was because Scandinavia __________.
was a hard place for farmers to make a living
In the fifteenth century, most educated Europeans believed that the earth __________.
was a sphere
The indigenous peoples of the great central plains __________.
were largely nomadic
Indentured servants __________.
worked for a master for a fixed period of time
How did the climate of North America change in the thousands of years that followed the arrival of the first humans?
It gradually grew warmer.
Why was the voyage of Bartolomeu Dias to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa so important?
It opened a sea route to Asia.
How did the Great Awakening prepare Americans to challenge the British government?
It sanctioned the questioning of authority
Which of the following was true of the Vikings' Vinland colony?
It was abandoned after a brief existence.
Which characteristic did the civilizations of the Americas share with civilizations elsewhere in the world?
They had stratified, hierarchical societies.
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, why were the Peoples of the Americas less vulnerable to diseases like influenza?
They kept fewer animals than the peoples of Europe and Asia.
Which statement is true of the Eastern Woodland Indians?
They lived in more or less permanent villages.
Which statement is true of the earliest inhabitants of North America?
They moved only when necessary to find more game.
Why were rivers so central to the development of cultures and civilizations?
They provided drinking water and the means of transportation.
What did the Indians of the Great Plains, the Eastern Woodlands, and the American Southwest all have in common?
They traded with their neighbors.
Which of the following helps explain why the Spanish were so eager to act quickly on Columbus's discovery?
They wanted to capitalize on the opportunity to exploit the wealth of the Indies.
What did the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania have in common?
They were both founded as religious refuges.
Why did the Pilgrims leave Holland for the Americas?
They worried about the influence of Dutch culture and society on their children.
