Early and Middle-Late Child hood: Harm to Children & Growth of the Body; Thinking During Early Childhood & Language and Learning

Elton is a boy; Suzie is a girl. They are both 6. By age _____, they will both lose their "baby teeth." All else being equal, _____ will be the first of the two to replace all their baby teeth.

10; Suzie

In the study where children were left alone in a room with a cup that covered dozens of candies, 57 percent of the children uncovered the candies. Of those children, about _____ percent told the truth about how the candies got on the table.

25

Frannie has begun to "slim down." She has lost the chubby toddler look and is now lean. She weighs 42 pounds and is 43 inches tall. Frannie is MOST likely around the age of:

6

Henry attends a preschool where there is a low teacher/child ratio, ample opportunity for creative expression, and he is engaged in a long-term art project of his own choosing in which he is making dinosaurs out of clay. Which approach does Henry's preschool MOST resemble? A. Reggio Emilia B. Montessori C. Head Start D. teacher-directed

A. Reggio Emilia

Ronnie is 4 years old. He lives in rural Wyoming, his family is very poor, and he has dyslexia. Based on a major evaluation of Head Start programs, which statement is CORRECT? A. There will be an apparent benefit to Ronnie if he participates in the Head Start intervention. B. Ronnie would benefit from Head Start to the same degree as other students in the program. C. Ronnie would be negatively affected by Head Start intervention. D. Ronnie will not be allowed to participate in Head Start.

A. There will be an apparent benefit to Ronnie if he participates in the Head Start intervention.

Howie is a typical 6-year-old child in the United Kingdom, a developed nation. Howie MOST likely: A. weighs between 40 and 50 pounds. B. looks chubby, not lean. C. is about 4.5 feet tall. D. has body proportions that do not resemble an adult's.

A. weighs between 40 and 50 pounds

Four-year-old Amelia asked her Nana, "Does my teddy bear need medicine?" By Piaget's theory, Amelia is exemplifying:

Animism

Which of these statements is consistent with the notion of injury control? A. Accidents are random events. B. Appropriate controls can minimize harm. C. Injuries are caused by careless parenting or accident-prone children. D. Fate determines the frequency and consequences of accidents.

Appropriate controls can minimize harm.

Which pair of items is mismatched? A. biologically driven, experience-expectant B. nurture, experience-dependent C. experience-expectant, socially guided D. nature, biologically driven

C. experience-expectant, socially guided

Which child is NOT currently in the early-childhood years?

Carlee, who is 7.

Programs aimed at remediating the educational deficits of low-SES children are called _____ programs.

Intervention

______ adults in the United States have experienced one or more adverse childhood experiences.

Most

By keeping her children on the sidewalk, Kenya is using _____ prevention to keep them safe.

Primary

______ is NOT one of the three components of executive control.

Self-actualization

After an investigation by family services determines that Birdie has been neglected by her mother, she is removed from the home and placed with an aunt. This is an example of _____ prevention of child maltreatment.

Tertiary

An emergency responder uses naloxone to reverse a suspected opiate overdose. This example illustrates _____ prevention.

Tertiary

Child-centered programs that recognize that children learn through play with other children are MOST consistent with the views of:

Vygotsky

Which theorist emphasized the social aspects of young children's cognition and learning?

Vygotsky

In 4-year-old Austin's school, he plays outdoors and learns to appreciate nature. He learns together with children of various ages because older children serve as mentors for younger ones, and the curriculum follows the interests of the child, not the age of the child. Austin is attending a _____ school.

Waldorf

Chau's family emigrated to the United States from Vietnam shortly before she was born. Her family speaks only Vietnamese at home. Now that Chau is in school, though, she is rapidly becoming more proficient in English than in her first language. Chau's example illustrates:

a language shift

Franklin is helping his younger sibling learn how to ride a bicycle. Lev Vygotsky believed that this would facilitate learning because Franklin is:

a mentor

Members of a certain preindustrial society worship the spirits that they believe inhabit the rocks and streams in their mountainous terrain. This belief exemplifies a limitation of preoperational thought known as:

animism

Which concept might BEST explain why a preoperational child would not be able to understand that cats can be both pets and wild animals?

centration

Jerry deliberately harmed his child by hitting him with a belt. A social worker would BEST describe what Jerry did as:

child abuse

Social workers have been called because Denise regularly sends her child to school with no lunch or lunch money. This is an example of:

child neglect

According to Piaget, the inability to take another person's perspective or point of view into consideration is called:

egocentrism

George, who is 3 years old, seems to talk almost constantly, even if no one is listening. George also seems not to notice mistakes in his language, such as stuttering. This illustrates the importance of _____ in language learning in early childhood.

egocentrism

Jessica's husband works on car engines as a hobby. When she thinks about his hobby, Jessica often fails to figure out exactly what a particular part is, but she has the general idea of what it does and places it in an appropriate mental category. This is an example of:

fast-mapping

For every case of substantiated child maltreatment, there are ______ cases of reported maltreatment.

five

After noticing that her 4-year-old brother was experiencing difficulty putting together a jigsaw puzzle, Rose helped him with the task by praising his successes and helping him to recognize progress. From Lev Vygotsky's perspective, this is an example of:

guided participation.

Perseveration is the opposite of:

impulsiveness

Herman attended the Perry program in Wisconsin for preschool. The long-term benefits that Herman may experience from this intensive early intervention program do NOT include the possibility that Herman:

is more likely to develop advanced athletic skills.

Sofia's father is careful to be sure his daughter learns the right word for new things and corrects her grammar when possible. He is using which of the five strategies for effective language development?

language enhancement

The process by which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of nerve impulses from neuron to neuron is called:

myelination.

Fast-mapping allows a child to be exposed to a word _____ before remembering it.

once

Among young children exposed to a fire alarm, cortisol increases were _____ related to the number of details the children remembered about the event two weeks later.

positively

Mrs. Abraham is putting policies in place at her factory to make injuries less likely. This is an example of ______ prevention.

primary

Flashing lights on stopped school buses are an example of _____ prevention.

secondary

Following a string of officer-involved shootings, the Capital City Police Department institutes sensitivity training and conflict resolution courses for its officers. These courses exemplify _____ prevention.

secondary

In Piaget's theory, grasping the notion of object permanence marks the transition from the _____ stage to the _____ stage.

sensorimotor; preoperational

Sarine has trouble understanding how her grandfather can talk about when he was a child, because he is not a child now. In part, this is caused by a limitation of preoperational thought known as:

static reasoning

What is Conservation

the principle that a substance remains the same, even when its appearance changes