Early Humans 8th grade SS

Important find of Australopithecus

"Lucy" and Laetoli footprints. Lucy's artifacts prove that she walked upright - big difference between chimps and humans.

Neanderthal - cultural

"The Shanidar funeral sites (in prehistoric Iran) . . . speak clearly of a deep feeling for the spiritual quality of life. A concern for the fate of the human soul is universal in human societies today, and it was evidently a theme of Neanderthal society too." Covered body with flowers. Bone flutes found.

How are erectus and Lucy different?

1) Physically Homo erectus had bigger brains, shorter and thinner arms, longer legs and more human like pelvis. They were less hairy - ability to sweat allows hunting during day - need more food for larger brain

5 types of homind group

1) australopithicines; 2) homo habilis; 3) homo erectus; 4) neanderthals; 5) cro magnons

importance of cro magnons

1) created specialized tools; 2) studied animals habits; 3) stalked prey; 4) skillful in spoken language; 5) excellent at cooperating; 6) created art - cave art

important of homo erectus

1) developed technooly: 2) skilled hunters; 3) used sophisticated tools; 4) first to migrate from Africa; 5) first to use fire; 6) first to use spoken language; 7) named places; 8) exchanged ideas

What are benefits of walking upright?

1) travel longer distances more easily; 2) carry food and children; 3) uses about 1/2 energy as four limbs; 4) could see above grass to see predators

What years were Homo erectus and where?

1.6 mya to 30,000 ya - Africa, Asia and Europe

paleolithic age

2.5 million BCE to 8000 BCE stone chopping tools; human evolution

What years were Homo habilis?

2.5-1.5 mya - East Africa

What years were Neanderthal?

200,000 to 30,000 ya

how many years ago was there Australopithecine

4 million to 1 million years ago

what years were Australopithecus what parts of Africa?

4 to 1 mya - southern and eastern Africa - oldest hominid group

What years Cro-Magnon?

40,000 to 8,000 ya

neolithic age

8000 BCE- 3000 BCE agriculture; pottery; polished stone toools; domestication of animals

Cro-Magnon was most like what kind of humans?

ALMOST first modern humans. Skelatan identical but smaller

who invited bone needles?

Cro-Magnons - used to sew clothing of animal hides. axes and spears

Australopithecine

Earliest human ancestor found so far.

Australopithecine was the first human to do what?

Earliest known human ancestor that walked upright. Lucy - her feet were like chimps, pelvis like humans

First hominids to move out of Africa..

Homoerectus

What are the benefits of using fire?

Homoerectus first to USE fire ( not invented - lol!). Benefits of fire - 1) warmth; 2) cook food: 3) protection - frighten animals; 4) hunting - drive animal into place you want them to go; 5)place to socialize

what makes humans special?

Language and technology. With language humans can communicate their ideas. Technology therefore happened really fast. Before humans, tools hadn't changed much in a million years. New technology allows people to adapt to a changing world.

Homo erectus important achievments

MASTERED fire; developed technology; skillful hunters; bow and arrow; good spoken language

How was Homo erectus different?

They were different physically and behaviorally. They were more intelligent. They used intelligence to develop technology - tolls and inventions. Became skillful hunters and invented more tools for digging, scraping and cutting.

important find of homo erectus

Turkana boy

Hominid

a primate of a family ( Hominidae) that includes humans and their fossil ancestors; walks upright

australopithicines description

ape like; opposable thumbs

How did Neanderthals hunt?

based on weapons they hunted close to animal(high risk of injury); never learned to fish

How was Neanderthal physically built differently?

brain larger than modern humans; pelvis not as wide as modern humans. They were powerfully built with slanted brows, muscles and thick bones. Jutting jaw and large front teeth.

What are benefits of opposable thumb(australopithecone had this)

carry objects and make tools (although australopithecine did not have tools)

Cro-Magnon had the earliest what?

earliest art (Cave Paintings)

Neanderthal had the earliest what?

earliest musical instruments (flute)

what forever changed the world in 8000 BCE

farming. People went from being nomadic (wanderers) to farming which had more reliable food; gave them more time to explore other interests; built towns because in 1 place; language improved; better tools; domestication of animals; trade; edication

Homo habilis was the first to blank with fire

first to USE fire (not make it)

Homo erectus was the first to have what?

first to have LANGUAGE

Homo erectus was the first to leave blank for blank and blank

first to leave Africa for Europe and Asia

Homo habilis was the first to do what?

first to make stone tools - used to eat meat and crack open bones

What was Neanderthal the first to do?

first to practice burial rituals (flowers, jewels, food in graves) > earliest religious species > belief in afterlife

neanderthals were named

for the valley their bones originally found in

artifacts

human made objects that are often found by archaeologists; to learn about what people used and created in a specific time period; examples carving, pot, vase

what was Cro Magnons skeletally?

identical to modern humans

skull5

important discovery - complete jaw; brain wiring like homo erectus

lucy

important discovery - pelvis showed walked upright

Where was Neanderthal?

in Europe and Mesopotamia, NOT in E. Asia

Where was Cro-Magnon?

in Europe only

Homo Sapiens

is US! Homo erectus developed into Homo sapiens (wise men) Homo sapiens had larger brains than Homo erectus. Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon are early groups of Homo sapiens.

bipedialism,

is the single most important difference between humans and apes - walked upright

How did Neanderthals survive harsh winters?

living in caves or temporary shelters made of bones and animal

historical inference

making an educated guess about historical people and events based on facial evidence; draw conclusions about life in the past; looking at the shapes of human jawbones to see how they communicated

homo hablis means

man of skill

ardi

may be older than Lucy. Pelvis had indent indicating walked upright but still had a big toe - combo of chimp and human

Turkana Boy

most complete skeleton; was tall, grows fast like ape was 5 feet 3 inches at 8 years old

cro-magnon named for

named for the rock shleter where thier bones were located

3 major differences between paleothic and neolithic

neolithic had: 1) advanced tools; 2) farms; 3) shorter in time -

was Neanderthals ancestors of modern humans?

no. DNA test prove no. Pelvis no as wide so could not run long distances because too big of frame.

ice man

oldest mummy; arrow in shoulder

how did cro-magnons hunt?

planned hunts; studied animals habits and stalked prey. Superior hunting strategies. Developed weapons that be thrown over longer distances - much safer than Neanderthal way

Cro-Magnon were possibly extermintated by ...

possibly exterminated Neanderthals (war, genocide)

archaeologist

scientists that excavate and study for traces of early humans

archaelogy

scientists that excavate and study the traces of early settlement. Find bones, artifacts and ruins to tells about people long ago; an example to find bones from early humans in africa

anthropology

scientists that study human culture; find out about people's way of life over time; looking at the shapes of bones to see how early people walked and traveled

australopitheciones means

southern ape

homo sapiens means

thinking man

homo erecus means

uprights man

bipedalism

walking upright with both legs

did homo sapiens migrate?

yes - all around the world.

did Neanderthals have clothing?

yes.