Early Humans 8th grade SS
Important find of Australopithecus
"Lucy" and Laetoli footprints. Lucy's artifacts prove that she walked upright - big difference between chimps and humans.
Neanderthal - cultural
"The Shanidar funeral sites (in prehistoric Iran) . . . speak clearly of a deep feeling for the spiritual quality of life. A concern for the fate of the human soul is universal in human societies today, and it was evidently a theme of Neanderthal society too." Covered body with flowers. Bone flutes found.
How are erectus and Lucy different?
1) Physically Homo erectus had bigger brains, shorter and thinner arms, longer legs and more human like pelvis. They were less hairy - ability to sweat allows hunting during day - need more food for larger brain
5 types of homind group
1) australopithicines; 2) homo habilis; 3) homo erectus; 4) neanderthals; 5) cro magnons
importance of cro magnons
1) created specialized tools; 2) studied animals habits; 3) stalked prey; 4) skillful in spoken language; 5) excellent at cooperating; 6) created art - cave art
important of homo erectus
1) developed technooly: 2) skilled hunters; 3) used sophisticated tools; 4) first to migrate from Africa; 5) first to use fire; 6) first to use spoken language; 7) named places; 8) exchanged ideas
What are benefits of walking upright?
1) travel longer distances more easily; 2) carry food and children; 3) uses about 1/2 energy as four limbs; 4) could see above grass to see predators
What years were Homo erectus and where?
1.6 mya to 30,000 ya - Africa, Asia and Europe
paleolithic age
2.5 million BCE to 8000 BCE stone chopping tools; human evolution
What years were Homo habilis?
2.5-1.5 mya - East Africa
What years were Neanderthal?
200,000 to 30,000 ya
how many years ago was there Australopithecine
4 million to 1 million years ago
what years were Australopithecus what parts of Africa?
4 to 1 mya - southern and eastern Africa - oldest hominid group
What years Cro-Magnon?
40,000 to 8,000 ya
neolithic age
8000 BCE- 3000 BCE agriculture; pottery; polished stone toools; domestication of animals
Cro-Magnon was most like what kind of humans?
ALMOST first modern humans. Skelatan identical but smaller
who invited bone needles?
Cro-Magnons - used to sew clothing of animal hides. axes and spears
Australopithecine
Earliest human ancestor found so far.
Australopithecine was the first human to do what?
Earliest known human ancestor that walked upright. Lucy - her feet were like chimps, pelvis like humans
First hominids to move out of Africa..
Homoerectus
What are the benefits of using fire?
Homoerectus first to USE fire ( not invented - lol!). Benefits of fire - 1) warmth; 2) cook food: 3) protection - frighten animals; 4) hunting - drive animal into place you want them to go; 5)place to socialize
what makes humans special?
Language and technology. With language humans can communicate their ideas. Technology therefore happened really fast. Before humans, tools hadn't changed much in a million years. New technology allows people to adapt to a changing world.
Homo erectus important achievments
MASTERED fire; developed technology; skillful hunters; bow and arrow; good spoken language
How was Homo erectus different?
They were different physically and behaviorally. They were more intelligent. They used intelligence to develop technology - tolls and inventions. Became skillful hunters and invented more tools for digging, scraping and cutting.
important find of homo erectus
Turkana boy
Hominid
a primate of a family ( Hominidae) that includes humans and their fossil ancestors; walks upright
australopithicines description
ape like; opposable thumbs
How did Neanderthals hunt?
based on weapons they hunted close to animal(high risk of injury); never learned to fish
How was Neanderthal physically built differently?
brain larger than modern humans; pelvis not as wide as modern humans. They were powerfully built with slanted brows, muscles and thick bones. Jutting jaw and large front teeth.
What are benefits of opposable thumb(australopithecone had this)
carry objects and make tools (although australopithecine did not have tools)
Cro-Magnon had the earliest what?
earliest art (Cave Paintings)
Neanderthal had the earliest what?
earliest musical instruments (flute)
what forever changed the world in 8000 BCE
farming. People went from being nomadic (wanderers) to farming which had more reliable food; gave them more time to explore other interests; built towns because in 1 place; language improved; better tools; domestication of animals; trade; edication
Homo habilis was the first to blank with fire
first to USE fire (not make it)
Homo erectus was the first to have what?
first to have LANGUAGE
Homo erectus was the first to leave blank for blank and blank
first to leave Africa for Europe and Asia
Homo habilis was the first to do what?
first to make stone tools - used to eat meat and crack open bones
What was Neanderthal the first to do?
first to practice burial rituals (flowers, jewels, food in graves) > earliest religious species > belief in afterlife
neanderthals were named
for the valley their bones originally found in
artifacts
human made objects that are often found by archaeologists; to learn about what people used and created in a specific time period; examples carving, pot, vase
what was Cro Magnons skeletally?
identical to modern humans
skull5
important discovery - complete jaw; brain wiring like homo erectus
lucy
important discovery - pelvis showed walked upright
Where was Neanderthal?
in Europe and Mesopotamia, NOT in E. Asia
Where was Cro-Magnon?
in Europe only
Homo Sapiens
is US! Homo erectus developed into Homo sapiens (wise men) Homo sapiens had larger brains than Homo erectus. Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon are early groups of Homo sapiens.
bipedialism,
is the single most important difference between humans and apes - walked upright
How did Neanderthals survive harsh winters?
living in caves or temporary shelters made of bones and animal
historical inference
making an educated guess about historical people and events based on facial evidence; draw conclusions about life in the past; looking at the shapes of human jawbones to see how they communicated
homo hablis means
man of skill
ardi
may be older than Lucy. Pelvis had indent indicating walked upright but still had a big toe - combo of chimp and human
Turkana Boy
most complete skeleton; was tall, grows fast like ape was 5 feet 3 inches at 8 years old
cro-magnon named for
named for the rock shleter where thier bones were located
3 major differences between paleothic and neolithic
neolithic had: 1) advanced tools; 2) farms; 3) shorter in time -
was Neanderthals ancestors of modern humans?
no. DNA test prove no. Pelvis no as wide so could not run long distances because too big of frame.
ice man
oldest mummy; arrow in shoulder
how did cro-magnons hunt?
planned hunts; studied animals habits and stalked prey. Superior hunting strategies. Developed weapons that be thrown over longer distances - much safer than Neanderthal way
Cro-Magnon were possibly extermintated by ...
possibly exterminated Neanderthals (war, genocide)
archaeologist
scientists that excavate and study for traces of early humans
archaelogy
scientists that excavate and study the traces of early settlement. Find bones, artifacts and ruins to tells about people long ago; an example to find bones from early humans in africa
anthropology
scientists that study human culture; find out about people's way of life over time; looking at the shapes of bones to see how early people walked and traveled
australopitheciones means
southern ape
homo sapiens means
thinking man
homo erecus means
uprights man
bipedalism
walking upright with both legs
did homo sapiens migrate?
yes - all around the world.
did Neanderthals have clothing?
yes.