Early US History Quiz 1
Vinland
Newfoundland in Canada around 1000 (called Vinland because of the wild grapes) settled by Leif Ericsson
Fisherman from Spain and Portugal crossed the Atlantic to the rich waters off the coast of
Newfoundland, Canada called the Grand Banks
Columbus ship names
Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
Are we certain how the first people got to the Americas?
No
Vikings didn't play any part in future colonization and development of Americas because
No permanent settlements, voyages unknown
Western Hempisphere continents
North and South America
Columbus Theory on how to reach Asia
Sail west across the Atlantic instead of around Africa
Where did the Vikings come from?
Scandinavia
Columbus and other Spanish explorers and colonists did what to Native Americans
Seized Indian territories, enslaved native peoples, destroyed their cultures, forced them to work in mines, on plantations, and in households
Glaciers connected what two parts of the world? (Land Bridge Theory)
Siberia and Alaska
Harsh treatment of Native Americans would continue after the formation of what country
United States in the 18th century
Columbus Impression of Natives
Well built, good bodies, handsome features. Would make fine servants.
Plants from Europe to America
Wheat, Rice, Rye, Barley
The Spanish Monarchs wanted to sponsor Columbus' trip because they wanted
Fame, fortune, and to export Catholicism.
What does Columbus want?
Fancy title (admiral of ocean sea), 10% of all wealth he finds, governor of lands he finds.
Spanish Monarchs that sponsored Columbus
Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile
colony
A settlement ruled by another country.
When did da Gama reach India?
1498
Columbus first voyage length
2 months
Columbus thinks route to Asia is how many miles
2,000 miles
When did people cross the land bridge?
20,000-30,000 years ago
Columbus made how many voyages
4 voyages
How many miles is the route to Asia actually?
40,000 miles
How many sailors on Columbus first voyage?
90
Mayas
A Native American people, living in what is now Mexico and northern Central America
Aztecs
Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico
Incas
Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru
Italy sold what
Arab and Muslim goods for high prices
Immigrants from countries in ____ would come to the Americas
Asia
What continent do most archaeologists believe the earliest people to reach North America came from)
Asia
Plants from Americas to Europe
Avocados, corn, potatoes, beans
Where did Columbus land?
Bahamas
Why did cultures of American Indians become so diverse?
Because they adapted to varying local climates and environments
What did American Indians in Central Mexico learn to do about 3,500 years ago? What did it lead to?
Domesticate wild plants, so they could be planted and grown for food. Promoted population growth and caused larger, permanent villages.
By 1608, the French had began to colonize the eastern part of ____ that is today Quebec
Canada
What tribes settled in Southeastern US
Cherokee and Seminole
Also need for Native Cultures to adapt to different
Climate zones
Fisherman dried and salted
Cod, and other varieties of fish and shipped them back to Europe
3 major crops of Eastern Woodland
Corn, squash, beans
During years of migration, descendants of first Americans developed hundreds of different tribal and
Cultural groups
Why did Spanish colonies experience labor shortage?
Deaths of millions of Native Americans from diseases brought by Europeans.
Scandinavia countries
Denmark, Norway, Sweden
Where did Columbus think he landed?
East Indies
Countries in race for Asia :
England, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands
Eastern Hemisphere continents
Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia
Hispaniola
First island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to New World; Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World.
How did early Americans obtain food change?
Focusing on fishing, gathering nuts.
Different natural environments led to cultural differences in
Food, clothing, buildings, tools, weapons, language, religion, and living arrangement
Where was Christopher Columbus from?
Genoa, Italy
Minerals Europeans wanted
Golds, jewels, etc.
What modern day countries is in first European colony
Haiti and Dominican Republic
Why did Columbus call the Native Americans "Indians"?
He thought he was in the Indies
What animals did Europeans introduce
Horses, cows, pigs, sheep, chickens
Plantations
Huge farms that required a large labor force to grow crops
Why do archaeologists believe many people crossed the land bridge?
Hunting
4 ways early Native Americans got food
Hunting, gathering, fishing, and cultivating
870 AD, Vikings conquered island of
Iceland
Italy and Germany were broken into
Kingdoms
Around 1000 AD, who set out from Greenland and sailed West
Leif Erickson
First permanent European colony was where
In the Carribean
Anno Domini
In the year of our Lord
Apache and Navajo
Indians of the southwest or Arizona area
Spice islands
Indonesia
Apache and Navajo did what for water
Irrigation
Turning point
Major event in history that changes humans forever.
2 major Indian civilizations that developed in Mexico
Mayas and Aztecs
Diseases brought to the New World
Measles, influenza, chicken pox, typhas
Over the course of thousands of years descendants of these first Americans ____ and settled throughout the lands of North, Central, and South America
Migrated
How was European attitude toward government and political power different from that of Native American tribes?
Native American tribes did not have centralized nations, and political power was spread among many local chiefs with limited authority
How was Native American religion different from European?
Native Americans believed that spirits could be found in every aspect of nature. Honoring spirits properly led to people catching and growing what they needed. Offending spirits could cause them to hide animals and fish and destroy crops. Shamans, spiritual leaders of the tribes, meditated between people and spirits. To promote hunts, secure crops, and protect warriors they would conduct rituals.
What people today are considered to be the living descendants of the first people to arrive in the Americas?
Native Americans.
Major reason of diversity of these native cultures was need to adapt to many different what
Natural environments of the Americas
Native American attitude toward land ownership
Owned little private property, most local land was considered a common ground for every resident to use. Some families owned garden plots and hunting territories, but they were unable to sell them.
Alternate theory to Land Bridge Theory
People came from Asia as many as 40,000 years ago in small boats, worked down coasts of the Americas
What spices did Europeans want?
Pepper, cinnamon, and more
Genoa is what type of city
Port city
How did the Tainos go nearly extinct
Slavery, overwork, exhaustion, disease, brutal punishment, suicide, and starvation
European settlers later brought
Slaves from Africa
European countries that colonized the Americas
Spain, France, England, Portugal, and the Netherlands
Who founded the first permanent European colony
Spain.
Why is the land bridge no longer there today?
Temperatures rising 12-13,000 years ago hid the land bridge because of sea level increase
Bartholemeu Dias
rounded the southern tip of Africa, called Cape Good Hope, in 1488
Spain taken over by what when they want to sponsor Columbus?
The moors
Tainos
The people Columbus came in contact with in the West Indies.
Land Bridge Theory
The theory that Native Americans crossed into North America from Asia over a land bridge that once connected North America and Asia.
How did the Spanish treat the Native Americans?
They forced them to work in gold and silver mines
Columbus voyages are important because
They kicked off centuries of exploration and exploitation off the American continents
What did development of food change lead to?
Tracking techniques for hunting small, mobile animals and population growth
What animals did Natives introduce
Turkey
Other tribes that settled in future states of Southern New England
Wompanoags, Narragansett's, Mohegans, and Pequots
Climate zones
a large area of Earth with a particular pattern of weather
Inuit
a member of the Arctic native peoples of North America; once known as Eskimo
Vikings
first Europeans to make contact with North America
Algonquian and Iroquoian
language groups of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands cultural region
At the time of his death, where did Columbus believe the islands he found were located?
off the coast of Asia
Gregorian Calendar
revision of the Julian calendar by Pope Gregory XIII; currently used in most of the world
Vasco da Gama
the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.
Jamestown, Virginia
the first permanent English settlement, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company for economic reasons
Colombian Exchange
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
Cheyenne and Sioux
transformed themselves into nomadic traders and hunters with horses
