Early US History Quiz 1

Vinland

Newfoundland in Canada around 1000 (called Vinland because of the wild grapes) settled by Leif Ericsson

Fisherman from Spain and Portugal crossed the Atlantic to the rich waters off the coast of

Newfoundland, Canada called the Grand Banks

Columbus ship names

Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

Are we certain how the first people got to the Americas?

No

Vikings didn't play any part in future colonization and development of Americas because

No permanent settlements, voyages unknown

Western Hempisphere continents

North and South America

Columbus Theory on how to reach Asia

Sail west across the Atlantic instead of around Africa

Where did the Vikings come from?

Scandinavia

Columbus and other Spanish explorers and colonists did what to Native Americans

Seized Indian territories, enslaved native peoples, destroyed their cultures, forced them to work in mines, on plantations, and in households

Glaciers connected what two parts of the world? (Land Bridge Theory)

Siberia and Alaska

Harsh treatment of Native Americans would continue after the formation of what country

United States in the 18th century

Columbus Impression of Natives

Well built, good bodies, handsome features. Would make fine servants.

Plants from Europe to America

Wheat, Rice, Rye, Barley

The Spanish Monarchs wanted to sponsor Columbus' trip because they wanted

Fame, fortune, and to export Catholicism.

What does Columbus want?

Fancy title (admiral of ocean sea), 10% of all wealth he finds, governor of lands he finds.

Spanish Monarchs that sponsored Columbus

Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

colony

A settlement ruled by another country.

When did da Gama reach India?

1498

Columbus first voyage length

2 months

Columbus thinks route to Asia is how many miles

2,000 miles

When did people cross the land bridge?

20,000-30,000 years ago

Columbus made how many voyages

4 voyages

How many miles is the route to Asia actually?

40,000 miles

How many sailors on Columbus first voyage?

90

Mayas

A Native American people, living in what is now Mexico and northern Central America

Aztecs

Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico

Incas

Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru

Italy sold what

Arab and Muslim goods for high prices

Immigrants from countries in ____ would come to the Americas

Asia

What continent do most archaeologists believe the earliest people to reach North America came from)

Asia

Plants from Americas to Europe

Avocados, corn, potatoes, beans

Where did Columbus land?

Bahamas

Why did cultures of American Indians become so diverse?

Because they adapted to varying local climates and environments

What did American Indians in Central Mexico learn to do about 3,500 years ago? What did it lead to?

Domesticate wild plants, so they could be planted and grown for food. Promoted population growth and caused larger, permanent villages.

By 1608, the French had began to colonize the eastern part of ____ that is today Quebec

Canada

What tribes settled in Southeastern US

Cherokee and Seminole

Also need for Native Cultures to adapt to different

Climate zones

Fisherman dried and salted

Cod, and other varieties of fish and shipped them back to Europe

3 major crops of Eastern Woodland

Corn, squash, beans

During years of migration, descendants of first Americans developed hundreds of different tribal and

Cultural groups

Why did Spanish colonies experience labor shortage?

Deaths of millions of Native Americans from diseases brought by Europeans.

Scandinavia countries

Denmark, Norway, Sweden

Where did Columbus think he landed?

East Indies

Countries in race for Asia :

England, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands

Eastern Hemisphere continents

Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia

Hispaniola

First island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to New World; Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World.

How did early Americans obtain food change?

Focusing on fishing, gathering nuts.

Different natural environments led to cultural differences in

Food, clothing, buildings, tools, weapons, language, religion, and living arrangement

Where was Christopher Columbus from?

Genoa, Italy

Minerals Europeans wanted

Golds, jewels, etc.

What modern day countries is in first European colony

Haiti and Dominican Republic

Why did Columbus call the Native Americans "Indians"?

He thought he was in the Indies

What animals did Europeans introduce

Horses, cows, pigs, sheep, chickens

Plantations

Huge farms that required a large labor force to grow crops

Why do archaeologists believe many people crossed the land bridge?

Hunting

4 ways early Native Americans got food

Hunting, gathering, fishing, and cultivating

870 AD, Vikings conquered island of

Iceland

Italy and Germany were broken into

Kingdoms

Around 1000 AD, who set out from Greenland and sailed West

Leif Erickson

First permanent European colony was where

In the Carribean

Anno Domini

In the year of our Lord

Apache and Navajo

Indians of the southwest or Arizona area

Spice islands

Indonesia

Apache and Navajo did what for water

Irrigation

Turning point

Major event in history that changes humans forever.

2 major Indian civilizations that developed in Mexico

Mayas and Aztecs

Diseases brought to the New World

Measles, influenza, chicken pox, typhas

Over the course of thousands of years descendants of these first Americans ____ and settled throughout the lands of North, Central, and South America

Migrated

How was European attitude toward government and political power different from that of Native American tribes?

Native American tribes did not have centralized nations, and political power was spread among many local chiefs with limited authority

How was Native American religion different from European?

Native Americans believed that spirits could be found in every aspect of nature. Honoring spirits properly led to people catching and growing what they needed. Offending spirits could cause them to hide animals and fish and destroy crops. Shamans, spiritual leaders of the tribes, meditated between people and spirits. To promote hunts, secure crops, and protect warriors they would conduct rituals.

What people today are considered to be the living descendants of the first people to arrive in the Americas?

Native Americans.

Major reason of diversity of these native cultures was need to adapt to many different what

Natural environments of the Americas

Native American attitude toward land ownership

Owned little private property, most local land was considered a common ground for every resident to use. Some families owned garden plots and hunting territories, but they were unable to sell them.

Alternate theory to Land Bridge Theory

People came from Asia as many as 40,000 years ago in small boats, worked down coasts of the Americas

What spices did Europeans want?

Pepper, cinnamon, and more

Genoa is what type of city

Port city

How did the Tainos go nearly extinct

Slavery, overwork, exhaustion, disease, brutal punishment, suicide, and starvation

European settlers later brought

Slaves from Africa

European countries that colonized the Americas

Spain, France, England, Portugal, and the Netherlands

Who founded the first permanent European colony

Spain.

Why is the land bridge no longer there today?

Temperatures rising 12-13,000 years ago hid the land bridge because of sea level increase

Bartholemeu Dias

rounded the southern tip of Africa, called Cape Good Hope, in 1488

Spain taken over by what when they want to sponsor Columbus?

The moors

Tainos

The people Columbus came in contact with in the West Indies.

Land Bridge Theory

The theory that Native Americans crossed into North America from Asia over a land bridge that once connected North America and Asia.

How did the Spanish treat the Native Americans?

They forced them to work in gold and silver mines

Columbus voyages are important because

They kicked off centuries of exploration and exploitation off the American continents

What did development of food change lead to?

Tracking techniques for hunting small, mobile animals and population growth

What animals did Natives introduce

Turkey

Other tribes that settled in future states of Southern New England

Wompanoags, Narragansett's, Mohegans, and Pequots

Climate zones

a large area of Earth with a particular pattern of weather

Inuit

a member of the Arctic native peoples of North America; once known as Eskimo

Vikings

first Europeans to make contact with North America

Algonquian and Iroquoian

language groups of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands cultural region

At the time of his death, where did Columbus believe the islands he found were located?

off the coast of Asia

Gregorian Calendar

revision of the Julian calendar by Pope Gregory XIII; currently used in most of the world

Vasco da Gama

the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.

Jamestown, Virginia

the first permanent English settlement, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company for economic reasons

Colombian Exchange

the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa

Cheyenne and Sioux

transformed themselves into nomadic traders and hunters with horses