EARTH 66

How many mass extinctions are recognized by most paleontologists?

5

Not all dinosaurs could eat and breath at the same time. One group that could were

Ankylosauria nodosaurids

Which of the following continents were part of Gondwana?

Australia africa south america

Why does the earth 'enjoy' plate tectonics?

Convective heat release

Which geologic period ended 66 million year ago?

Cretaceous

Ankylosaurs and stegosaurs were cursorial animals.

False

Dinosaur clades that first-evolved in the early Jurassic were unlikely to become cosmopolitan.

False

Dinosaurs were the only vertebrate to evolve osteoderms. (end quiz 4)

False

Our human hips bones show convergent evolution with dinosaur hip bones because our hip sockets (acetabulums) are also perforate.

False

Pachycephalosaurs and ceratopsians have ongoing classification issues because so few skulls have been found.

False

Pterydactyls are dinosaurs.

False

There is clear fossil evidence that pachycephalosaurs hung out and moved together in large groups.

False

Unlike modern parrots, psittacosaurs did not have chewing teeth. (end practice quiz 5)

False

Dinosaur bones are a type of trace fossil (slide 34, 66_2_2021.pdf)

False. its a body fossil

The first dinosaur formally named in a scientific publication was:

Megalosaurus

Swashbuckling Roy Chapman Andrews led several fossil hunting expeditions from the American Museum of Natural History. His team found the first remains of Velociraptor, amongst other dinosaurs. What area did the Andrews expeditions explore?

Mongolia

On which of the following continents do dinosaurs appear to have originated?

South America

Which of the following clades gave us humans our basic skeletal blueprint?

Tetrapoda

During which period of the Mesozoic was Pangea full assembled and continental seasonality extreme? (slide 30, 65_4_2021.pdf)

Triassic

Which of the following are examples of Linnaean binomial nomenclature? (slide 47, 65_4_2021.pdf)

Triceratops horridus Tyrannosaurus rex

Both pachycephalosaurs and ceratopians were Cretaceous clades.

True

Dinosaur diversity (and endemism) was greatest when continents were isolated and sea level was high.

True

In the early Cretaceous, stegosaurs and anklyosaurs coexisted in some parts of the world.

True

It is possible that pachycepahlosaurs had keratinous pads/coverings of some kind on their heads. The identification of which of the below in the outermost bones of their frontal and parietal bones provides evidence for this interpretation.

True

The earliest (first) dinosaurs were digitigrade bipeds.

True

The geologic time scale was originally developed using relative dating techniques (including lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy). (slide 60, 66_3_2021.pdf)

True

Tooth enamel is a very dense type of bone.

True

The ventral skull view shown above indicates that the dinosaur who originally owned this skull had: (slide 43, 66_8_2021.pdf)

a large tongue cheeks

clade

a new species (hypothetical common ancestor) and some of its descendants.

A taxonomic group (such as Prosauropoda) that includes only the least-derived (most ancestral) members of a clade is know as:

a paraphyletic group

Which of the following evolutionary novelties gave ceratopsians extra chewing power?

an expanded coronoid process

Gastroliths seems to have been used by dinosaurs for: (slide 40, 66_2_2021.pdf)

digestion

If ancient foraminifera contain a larger ration of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 than found in today's oceans, what does that signify about the time those organisms were alive? (slide 38, 65_4_2021.pdf)

earth was cooler

Birds have lost their key Archosauria derived trait, namely antorbital fenestrae.

false

tectonicsCarbon-14 dating is a common technique used to 'date' dinosaur bones.

false

What mineral are most fossil bones made of? (slide 45, 66_2_2021.pdf)

fluorapatite

Ceratopsids had exceptionally large, heavy heads. What anatomical traits helped them hold those big heads up? (start practice quiz 5)

fused first through third vertebrae a large, ball-like occiptal condyle

Cladistic analyses are based on the parsimonious arrangement of which types of traits?

homologous traits

What mineral are your bones made of? (slide 45, 66_2_2021.pdf)

hydroxyapatite calcium sodium

If you have a perforate acetabulum, simple feathers, a low jaw joint, and ossified tendons you are probably a:

ornithischian dinosaur

The clade Stegosauria shares which of the following derived traits?

osteoderms modified into dorsal plates unusually high dorsal vertebrae wide, five-fingered hands Thagomizers

Ornithischians had an extra bone in their lower jaw. What do paleontologists call this bone? (start quiz 4)

predentary

Based on the most basal forms in the clade, it's likely that early ceratopsians had which of the following:

simple feathers

If you discover stegosaur remains in the field, which skeletal part are you least likely to find?

skull

What do unconformities in the stratigraphic record represent?

surfaces that represent missing geologic time surfaces that experienced significant erosion

Adult pachycephalosaurs had uniquely expanded bones on the tops of their skulls. Which bones?

the frontal and parietal

Richard Owen and others noticed in the early days of dinosaur research that one region of dinosaur skeletons was more mammal-like than reptile-like. Which region? (slide 44, 66_1_2021.pdf)

the sacral vertebrae

Chasmosaurid ceratopsids possessed which of the following anatomical features?

triangular epoccipitals, long frills

All archosaurs are diapsids. (slide 5, 66_7_2021.pdf)

true

Reptilia' is only a valid clade if you include which of the following groups? (start q 3: subjects: derived traits, cladogram slide 15> 66_5_2021)

birds