Earth science 7, 8, 9

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strain

A measure of the amount of distortion during deformation

A fold shaped like an elongated arch is a(n)

Anticline

L waves

Back and forth movement

Which of the following occurs when rocks bend, break, or flow during mountain building?

Deformation

Normal, reverse, and thrust are all examples of __________ faults.

Dip slip

Fault scarps

Displacement along a fault that offsets the ground surface

Faults 8

Fractures which slipping or sliding take place

Deformation

process by which rocks bend, break, or flow in response to stress

The rock mass in the image below has been subjected to what type of stress?

?

Dip slip : hanging wall

Block above the fault line

Foot wall

Block below the fault line

Rifting

Caused by stretching which creates normal faults

Convergent boundary orogen

Compression causing the crust to shorten and thicken

Folds are most often associated with __________ stress.

Compressional

P waves

Compressional

Fold

Curve in the shape of a rock

Under which of the following conditions would a body of rock be more likely to exhibit plastic behavior?

High temperature

In the following map, the vertical, north-south trending fault is a __________ fault.

Left lateral strike slip

Slip lineations

Linear grooves on fault surfaces

Under which condition would a body of rock be most likely to exhibit brittle behavior?

Low temperature

Slickenslides

Polished fault surfaces

Orogeny

Prochess of mountain belt formation

Tension

Pulled opposite direction

distortion

Rock changes shape (devoelpment of a fold)

S waves

Shear

Strike slip

Slip is horizontal and occurs along a strike line of the fault Left lateral Right lateral

Dip slip

Slip is vertical and takes place along the dip line of the fault Reverse and thrust Normal

How is stress different from strain?

Strain is the change in shape of a rock due to applied stress.

Force-per-unit area is termed

Stress

A body of rock affected by tension will likely undergo

Stretching

Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of __________ faults.

Strike slip

Deformation rate

Sudden changes make materials more prone to brittle Deformation Where as slower changes create plastic Deformation

Compression

Takes place when an object is squeezed

Normal faults are generally the result of __________ stress.

Tensionsal

Focus hypocenter

The location where the seismic waves begin

Epicenter

The point on the surface of the earth that lies vertically above the surface

brittle deformation

The process by which material cracks or fractures creating joints or faults

Plastic deformation

The process by which objects change shape by not physically breaking creating folds in rocks

R waves

Vertical undulations

Displacement

When a block of rock moves from one location to another

Rotation

When body of rock undergoes tilting(Change in orientation)

Collisional orogen

When relatively buoyant continental plates collide with each other

Accretion

When smaller blocks are sutured to larger blocks

Foliation

Where stress causes elongate or platy grains to align parallel to one another


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