Earth science 7, 8, 9
strain
A measure of the amount of distortion during deformation
A fold shaped like an elongated arch is a(n)
Anticline
L waves
Back and forth movement
Which of the following occurs when rocks bend, break, or flow during mountain building?
Deformation
Normal, reverse, and thrust are all examples of __________ faults.
Dip slip
Fault scarps
Displacement along a fault that offsets the ground surface
Faults 8
Fractures which slipping or sliding take place
Deformation
process by which rocks bend, break, or flow in response to stress
The rock mass in the image below has been subjected to what type of stress?
?
Dip slip : hanging wall
Block above the fault line
Foot wall
Block below the fault line
Rifting
Caused by stretching which creates normal faults
Convergent boundary orogen
Compression causing the crust to shorten and thicken
Folds are most often associated with __________ stress.
Compressional
P waves
Compressional
Fold
Curve in the shape of a rock
Under which of the following conditions would a body of rock be more likely to exhibit plastic behavior?
High temperature
In the following map, the vertical, north-south trending fault is a __________ fault.
Left lateral strike slip
Slip lineations
Linear grooves on fault surfaces
Under which condition would a body of rock be most likely to exhibit brittle behavior?
Low temperature
Slickenslides
Polished fault surfaces
Orogeny
Prochess of mountain belt formation
Tension
Pulled opposite direction
distortion
Rock changes shape (devoelpment of a fold)
S waves
Shear
Strike slip
Slip is horizontal and occurs along a strike line of the fault Left lateral Right lateral
Dip slip
Slip is vertical and takes place along the dip line of the fault Reverse and thrust Normal
How is stress different from strain?
Strain is the change in shape of a rock due to applied stress.
Force-per-unit area is termed
Stress
A body of rock affected by tension will likely undergo
Stretching
Right-lateral and left-lateral are both examples of __________ faults.
Strike slip
Deformation rate
Sudden changes make materials more prone to brittle Deformation Where as slower changes create plastic Deformation
Compression
Takes place when an object is squeezed
Normal faults are generally the result of __________ stress.
Tensionsal
Focus hypocenter
The location where the seismic waves begin
Epicenter
The point on the surface of the earth that lies vertically above the surface
brittle deformation
The process by which material cracks or fractures creating joints or faults
Plastic deformation
The process by which objects change shape by not physically breaking creating folds in rocks
R waves
Vertical undulations
Displacement
When a block of rock moves from one location to another
Rotation
When body of rock undergoes tilting(Change in orientation)
Collisional orogen
When relatively buoyant continental plates collide with each other
Accretion
When smaller blocks are sutured to larger blocks
Foliation
Where stress causes elongate or platy grains to align parallel to one another