Earth Space Science Chapter 11.1 Quiz

what is the percentage of the maximum concentration of ozone in the ozone layer

.0012% of the atmosphere

how much percent of carbon dioxide makes up of the atmosphere

.039%

how hot can temperatures in the thermosphere get

1000 degrees Celsius

how much percent is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds

20%

how much percent of solar radiation is reflected into space by the Earth's surface

30%

at a given place and time the concentration of water vapor can be as much as or as little as

4 percent nearly zero

how much percent of the mass of Earth's atmosphere is below the stratopause

99.9%

what is the transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature

Heat

how much percent of solar radiation is absorbed directly or indirectly by Earth's surface and keeps Earth's surface warm.

about 50%

describe how a pot being heated is a process of convection

as the water at the bottom of the pan is heated it expands and becomes less dense than the water around it because it is less dense if force is forced upward as it rises it transfers thermal energy to a cooler water around it and cools and then becomes denser than the pot of water around it and sinks to the bottom of the pan where it is reheated

where can airborne microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria be found

attached to microscopic dust particles in the atmosphere.

is burning fossil fuels a good or a bad thing for the environment

bad, it can also cause various respiratory illness, as well as other environmental problems.

why is air a poor conductor of thermal energy

because it is a mixture of gases

in the atmosphere where does conduction occur

between Earth's surface and the lowest part of the atmosphere

which gas is also cycled between the atmosphere and the oceans living organisms in earth rock

carbon dioxide

what is the transfer of thermal energy between two objects when their atoms or molecules collide

conduction

what is much of the atmosphere thermal energy is transferred by a process called what

convection

what is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated material from one place to another

convection

what are the main mechanism for energy transfer in the atmosphere

convection currents

as a general rule, what absorbs energy faster than what

darker objects absorb energy faster than lighter colored objects.

does air temperature increase or decrease with altitude in the mesosphere

decrease

does air temperature increase or decrease with altitude in the troposphere

decrease

name the different atmospheric particles

dust,salt,ice, and microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria.

what is the ionosphere made of

electrically charged particles

what is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere

exosphere

true or false there is a clear boundary at the top of the exosphere

false

what is an example that is just like the process of radiation

heat lamps

the ozone concentration in the ozone layer varies seasonally at

higher latitude, reaching a minimum in the spring.

what is most of the solar energy that reaches Earth

in the form of visible light waves and infrared waves

does air temperature increase or decrease in the thermosphere

increase

has carbon dioxide increased or decreased in the last 150 years

increased from .028% to .039%

where does the process of convection occur mainly

liquids and gases

what is the top of the mesosphere where temperature stops decreasing with altitude

mesopause

above the stratopause is this layer

mesosphere

how are molecules of ozone formed

molecules of ozone are formed by the addition of an oxygen atom to an oxygen molecule

what gases did Earth's early composition probably contain

mostly helium methane and ammonia.

What is about 99 percent of the atmosphere is composed of

nitrogen and oxygen

name the Earth's gases from most abundant to least abundant

nitrogen oxygen water vapor argon carbon dioxide and Trace gases

where does the greatest seasonal change of ozone occur

over Antarctica

where is most atmospheric ozone found

ozone layer

what is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves

radiation

in the atmosphere thermal energy can be transferred by what three ways

radiation, conduction, and convection.

this layer of the atmosphere is located above the tropopause it is a layer in which the air temperature mainly increases with altitude and contains the ozone layer.

stratosphere

almost all of the visible light waves pass through the atmosphere and what

strike the Earth surface

what is the recent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to

the burning of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas.

what is the reason that ozone dropped significantly in the spring in Antarctica

the decrease is due to the presence of chemicals called CFCs that react with ozone and break it down in the atmosphere.

another name for the transitional region between Earth's atmosphere and outer space

the exosphere

why does temperature in the thermosphere increase

the extremely low density of air

how are heat lamps like radiation

the heat lamp emits visible light and infrared waves that travel from the lamp and arbs or by the food. Thermal energy carried by these waves cause the temperature of the food to increase. In the same way, thermal energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth by radiation. The solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed and reflected by Earth's atmosphere in Earth's surface.

the rate of absorption for any particular area varies depending on what

the physical characteristics of the area and the amount of solar radiation it receives

what does the concentration of water vapor vary with

the seasons, would the altitude of a particular mass of air, and with the properties of the surface Beneath the Air.

what is the altitude at which the temperature stops decreasing in the troposphere called

the tropopause

what is the layer above the mesosphere

thermosphere

which layer is the ionosphere located in

thermosphere

what happens to atoms and molecules in the exosphere

they are so far apart that they rarely collide with each other. Some atoms and molecules are moving fast enough that they are able to escape into outer space.

what causes the heat increase in the stratosphere

this heating is caused by ozone molecules which absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun

why does air temperature decrease in the mesosphere

this temperature decrease occurs because very little solar radiation is absorbed in this layer

what layer of the atmosphere contains most of the mass of the atmosphere

troposphere

what layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface

troposphere

true or false conduction can occur more easily in solids and liquids, where particles are closer together, then in gases, where particles are farther apart.

true

the number of atoms and molecules in the exosphere become

very small as altitude increases

what is the invisible gaseous form of water

water vapor

which gases can vary significantly from place to place

water vapor and ozone

what is an example of conduction

when two objects at different temperatures are in contact