Earth Space Science Chapter 11.1 Quiz
what is the percentage of the maximum concentration of ozone in the ozone layer
.0012% of the atmosphere
how much percent of carbon dioxide makes up of the atmosphere
.039%
how hot can temperatures in the thermosphere get
1000 degrees Celsius
how much percent is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds
20%
how much percent of solar radiation is reflected into space by the Earth's surface
30%
at a given place and time the concentration of water vapor can be as much as or as little as
4 percent nearly zero
how much percent of the mass of Earth's atmosphere is below the stratopause
99.9%
what is the transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature
Heat
how much percent of solar radiation is absorbed directly or indirectly by Earth's surface and keeps Earth's surface warm.
about 50%
describe how a pot being heated is a process of convection
as the water at the bottom of the pan is heated it expands and becomes less dense than the water around it because it is less dense if force is forced upward as it rises it transfers thermal energy to a cooler water around it and cools and then becomes denser than the pot of water around it and sinks to the bottom of the pan where it is reheated
where can airborne microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria be found
attached to microscopic dust particles in the atmosphere.
is burning fossil fuels a good or a bad thing for the environment
bad, it can also cause various respiratory illness, as well as other environmental problems.
why is air a poor conductor of thermal energy
because it is a mixture of gases
in the atmosphere where does conduction occur
between Earth's surface and the lowest part of the atmosphere
which gas is also cycled between the atmosphere and the oceans living organisms in earth rock
carbon dioxide
what is the transfer of thermal energy between two objects when their atoms or molecules collide
conduction
what is much of the atmosphere thermal energy is transferred by a process called what
convection
what is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated material from one place to another
convection
what are the main mechanism for energy transfer in the atmosphere
convection currents
as a general rule, what absorbs energy faster than what
darker objects absorb energy faster than lighter colored objects.
does air temperature increase or decrease with altitude in the mesosphere
decrease
does air temperature increase or decrease with altitude in the troposphere
decrease
name the different atmospheric particles
dust,salt,ice, and microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria.
what is the ionosphere made of
electrically charged particles
what is the outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere
exosphere
true or false there is a clear boundary at the top of the exosphere
false
what is an example that is just like the process of radiation
heat lamps
the ozone concentration in the ozone layer varies seasonally at
higher latitude, reaching a minimum in the spring.
what is most of the solar energy that reaches Earth
in the form of visible light waves and infrared waves
does air temperature increase or decrease in the thermosphere
increase
has carbon dioxide increased or decreased in the last 150 years
increased from .028% to .039%
where does the process of convection occur mainly
liquids and gases
what is the top of the mesosphere where temperature stops decreasing with altitude
mesopause
above the stratopause is this layer
mesosphere
how are molecules of ozone formed
molecules of ozone are formed by the addition of an oxygen atom to an oxygen molecule
what gases did Earth's early composition probably contain
mostly helium methane and ammonia.
What is about 99 percent of the atmosphere is composed of
nitrogen and oxygen
name the Earth's gases from most abundant to least abundant
nitrogen oxygen water vapor argon carbon dioxide and Trace gases
where does the greatest seasonal change of ozone occur
over Antarctica
where is most atmospheric ozone found
ozone layer
what is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves
radiation
in the atmosphere thermal energy can be transferred by what three ways
radiation, conduction, and convection.
this layer of the atmosphere is located above the tropopause it is a layer in which the air temperature mainly increases with altitude and contains the ozone layer.
stratosphere
almost all of the visible light waves pass through the atmosphere and what
strike the Earth surface
what is the recent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to
the burning of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas.
what is the reason that ozone dropped significantly in the spring in Antarctica
the decrease is due to the presence of chemicals called CFCs that react with ozone and break it down in the atmosphere.
another name for the transitional region between Earth's atmosphere and outer space
the exosphere
why does temperature in the thermosphere increase
the extremely low density of air
how are heat lamps like radiation
the heat lamp emits visible light and infrared waves that travel from the lamp and arbs or by the food. Thermal energy carried by these waves cause the temperature of the food to increase. In the same way, thermal energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth by radiation. The solar energy that reaches Earth is absorbed and reflected by Earth's atmosphere in Earth's surface.
the rate of absorption for any particular area varies depending on what
the physical characteristics of the area and the amount of solar radiation it receives
what does the concentration of water vapor vary with
the seasons, would the altitude of a particular mass of air, and with the properties of the surface Beneath the Air.
what is the altitude at which the temperature stops decreasing in the troposphere called
the tropopause
what is the layer above the mesosphere
thermosphere
which layer is the ionosphere located in
thermosphere
what happens to atoms and molecules in the exosphere
they are so far apart that they rarely collide with each other. Some atoms and molecules are moving fast enough that they are able to escape into outer space.
what causes the heat increase in the stratosphere
this heating is caused by ozone molecules which absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun
why does air temperature decrease in the mesosphere
this temperature decrease occurs because very little solar radiation is absorbed in this layer
what layer of the atmosphere contains most of the mass of the atmosphere
troposphere
what layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth's surface
troposphere
true or false conduction can occur more easily in solids and liquids, where particles are closer together, then in gases, where particles are farther apart.
true
the number of atoms and molecules in the exosphere become
very small as altitude increases
what is the invisible gaseous form of water
water vapor
which gases can vary significantly from place to place
water vapor and ozone
what is an example of conduction
when two objects at different temperatures are in contact