ecology self paced

Describe the 3 types of symbiosis and give examples, explaining HOW EACH organism in the relationship is affected.

1.Commensalism: one organism is neutral while the other one benefits( orchids grow on trees and get nutrition from them trees stay neutral) 2.Multalism: both organism benefit(clownfish and anemones , clownfish are able to withstand the sting so they use them for protection) 3.Parasitism: one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed(ticks take blood from organisms)

How much carbon (in g/m2) is released into the atmosphere as a result of the metabolic activity of herbivores? Give your answer to the nearest whole number.

60 g/m2

What is Ecology, the study of ..........

A branch of study that studies the ecosystem and its organisms

What is a keystone species? Define and give an example.

A keystone species is a species that all other species in the community depend on. Sea otter are keystone species because they predator on sea urchins that graze on kelp and with the population under control it gives the kepl room to grow and be ate it keep them in control

What is symbiosis?

A long term interaction of two different organisms

What is a producer, and what is a consumer? Give examples of producers and consumers.

A producer makes their own food and consumers get their food from other sources. An example would be Wales makes milk to feed their babies, but birds gather food to feed their babies.

Eutrophication is caused by runoff containing nutrients that kills fish in a lake. How do you think this is achieved?

A.Algae overproduce and die; bacteria use up all the oxygen so fish die

Which statement about decomposers is not true?

A.An example of a decomposer is a vulture.

Do nutrients cycle or flow (enter and then leave) through an ecosystem?

A.Cycle

The diagram above shows the progression of ecological events after a fire in a particular ecosystem. Based on the diagram, which of the following best explains why the oak trees are later replaced by other trees?

A.Eventually the other trees grow taller than the oak trees and form a dense canopy that shades the understory.

How do plants contribute to the carbon cycle?

A.When plants respire, they release CO2 into the atmosphere

When greenhouse gases contribute significantly to an overall rise in the Earth's ambient temperature, then:

A.global warming occurs.

Removal of a ________________ from a community affects community structure significantly.

A.keystone species

When one living organism feeds on another, the organism serving as the food source is called the ___.

A.prey

When the population density of prey increases, ____.

A.the population density of the predators increases as well, but lags slightly behind that of the prey

The more component parts and more diverse parts, the more healthy the ecosystem.

A.true

What are biotic and abiotic factors? Name a few abiotic factors.

Abiotic are non living things like sunlight, water , wind and more

Describe briefly each level of organization of life from organizm all the way to the biosphere.

An organisms is a singular living thing, population is a group of organisms, community is multiple populations living in one area, ecosystem is communities with non living organisms, and biosphere is earth and all of its organisms

In general, humans' effects on ecosystems lead to an increase in genetic diversity.

B. False

______ is when one living organism feeds on another

B.Predation

After a forest fire, secondary succession occurs in an ecosystem. Which of the following statements BEST explains why pioneer species are replaced by other "climax" trees?

B.The "climax" trees eventually grow taller than the fast growing trees and other pioneer species and shade out the fast growing trees beneath them.

The following is a food web for a meadow habitat that occupies 25.6 km2. The primary producers' biomass is uniformly distributed throughout the habitat and totals 1,500 kg/km2. Developers have approved a project that will permanently reduce the primary producers' biomass by 50 percent and remove all rabbits and deer.

B.The biomass of coyotes will be dramatically reduced.

Look at the food web in the figure to the right. What is the role of mice in this ecosystem?

B.primary consumer

What is Biodiversity? And why is it something to strive for? Why is it good?

Biodiversity is the variety of organisms in a given area. It is important because it means that your ecosystem is healthy and it keeps it healthy. It is good becasue it is essential to support life

Figure I shows the growth of an algal species in a flask of sterilized pond water. If phosphate is added as indicated, the growth curve changes as shown in Figure II.

C

What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession?

C.Secondary succession takes place on intact soil.

Looking at the examples of Yellowstone and Mount St. Helens, which type of succession best fits each ecological event?

C.Yellowstone - secondary succession; Mount St. Helens - primary succession

During chemical cycling, inorganic nutrients are typically returned to the soil by

C.decomposers

Which nutrient cycle does not have an atmospheric component? carbon

C.phosphorus

What is competition? What are things organisms compete for?

Competition is where two organisms or more all go for one resource causing them to need to fight or compete for the resource. They might fight for food, water , shelter, or more

The number of species in a community is referred to as the

D. species richness

Resource partitioning commonly results in all of the following EXCEPT:

D.More niche overlap between species

If the primary consumer in this pyramid has 20,000 J of energy, which statement correctly describes the flow of energy in this system?

D.The tertiary consumer has 200 J of available energy.

When molecules such as DDT are not degraded by natural processes, they accumulate as they move up the food chain, a process called __________.

D.biomagnification

Non-native species like kudzu, zebra mussels, and nutria experience _____ outside their native area due to a lack of natural predators and their ability to compete more successfully than native species for resources.

D.exponential growth

Which of the following could not be a component of the nitrogen cycle?

D.photosynthesis

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Define food web and food chain? What is the difference between the 2?

Food chain is the overall cycle of how things get their food. But the food web is one spot of what eats what.

What macromolecules need phosphorus?

Phospholipids and nucleic acids

What are some causes of ecosystem changes?

Pollution, climate change, and habitat change

What is climate, what is weather?

Weather is a short term change and climate is a long term change

Most overfishing management has been on large fish like tuna. Small fish, like anchovies and sardines, are commonly fished as well. Using the figure to the right, make a prediction about what would happen to tuna if anchovies and sardines were overfished, and explain why you came up with that prediction

answer on own

1-6 of symbiosis

answer on your own

question 4

answer on your own

If an herbivore population consumes 3,000 kg of plant material, how much energy is available to that herbivore? the first level carnivores? second level carnivores?

c.300kg; 30kg; 3kg

What macromolecules need carbon?

carbohydrates, amino acids,lipids and proteins

Why is Toxoplasma Gondii's ability to control rodent's brains an evolutionary adaptation? Explain how this increases the fitness of the parasite.

it is constantly changed and adapting to which animal it is taking over. The example in the video of the parasite gets eaten by the bird than the bird poops it out than snails eat it and it makes the snail look like a maggot which birds like and the cycle starts again but their method to continuing this cycle changes from animal to animal. Thai increases the fitness because this means that it can adapte and continue to survive in many different situations( just my interpretation of this question)

What do you think the source of oxygen is?

photosynthesis

What macromolecules need nitrogen?

protein and nuleic acid

What kind of symbiotic relationship did you just observe? Explain how each organism is affected.

this relationship is a Parasitism relationship because the parasite is feeding on the caterpillar and eats its way out. Which harms the the caterpillar but benefits the parasite because it gets to begin and continue living its life that the caterpillar helped it by being a host and feeding it.

What do you think the source of hydrogen is?

water