Economic Development by nadia_Miller7 Condensed

A peasant in rural China is most likely employed in which sector of the economy? Select one: a. Primary. b. Quaternary. c. Quinary. d. Secondary. e. Tertiary. a

a

According to the Human Development Index (HDI) which of the following would be considered a social measurement of development? Select one: a. Literacy rate. b. Gross Domestic Product (GDP). c. Energy production per capita. d. Birth rate. e. Life expectancy.

a

Based on classical optimal location theory, which of the following best describes the lowest cost location in the bulk gaining industry of soft-drink bottling? Select one: a. Water and glass are ubiquitous but heavy so production should be relatively close to the market in order to reduce transportation costs. b. Soft-drinks should be bottled in a few locations in close proximity to syrup production in order to maintain control of the taste. Proximity to market relative to product control is not as important of a cost factor. c. Bottling should occur in less developed countries because of low labor costs and declining transportation costs. d. Since bottling soft-drinks is a technology intensive process the bottling should occur in the city or region with the most skilled labor. e. Bottling processes should be located in rural locations because mechanized farming is displacing farm workers.

a

Based on the concept of core-periphery relationships, which of the following regions of the United States best fits the description of periphery in the early 21st century? Select one: a. Alaska. b. Colorado. c. New York. d. California. e. Illinois.

a

Computer technical support jobs are increasingly being outsourced to India, because of improvements in telecommunication technology. Which term best exemplifies this trend? Select one: a. Space-time compression. b. Agglomeration. c. Absolute distance. d. Multiplier effect. e. Non-governmental organizations (NGO).

a

In the context of industrial location, which of the following best describes the concept of site? Select one: a. The unique characteristics of a location including the factors of labor, capital and land. b. The location of an industry in relation to other industries. c. A force that attracts industries to a specific location. d. An area with advanced technology and culture. e. The number of jobs that an industry will create in a region.

a

In the countries of China, Vietnam and India which of the following sectors of the economy is losing the most people? Select one: a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Quaternary. d. Quinary. e. Tertiary.

a

Many United States high tech companies have been outsourcing many of their technical support and other tertiary jobs to which of the following countries? Select one: a. India b. China c. South Africa d. Saudi Arabia e. Germany

a

On a global scale, in which of the following sectors do most people work? Select one: a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Quaternary. d. Quinary. e. Tertiary.

a

Which of the following best explains why many companies continue to locate factories in traditional manufacturing regions like the northeast United States and Western Europe? Select one: a. Low labor costs and loose environmental laws. b. Large pool of skilled labor and quick delivery to large markets. c. Stable government and low labor costs. d. Weak unions and stringent environmental laws. e. Decreasing global transportation costs and rising labor costs in China.

a

Which of the following demographic characteristics of development would not be typical of a less developed country in 2008? Select one: a. Low Crude Birth Rate (CBR). b. Life expectancy of only 60 years. c. Natural increase of less than 2%. d. Twenty-five percent of the population below age 15. e. High infant mortality rate of 57 deaths per 1000 births a

a

Which of the following economic sectors is least likely to occur in the core area of a country? Select one: a. Primary. b. Secondary. c. Quaternary. d. Quinary. e. Tertiary.

a

Which of the following is considered the place of origin of the Industrial Revolution? Select one: a. United Kingdom. b. France. c. United States. d. Belgium. e. Germany.

a

Which of the following is the best definition of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)? Select one: a. The value of all goods and service produced within a country in a given year. b. The value of all goods and service that the citizens of a county produced in a given year regardless of where they live. c. The income earned by a country's people. d. Total household, business and government income minus taxes. e. The value of a country's exports minus their imports

a

Which of the following regions accounted for nearly 80% of the industrial output of the early 1800s Industrial Revolution? Select one: a. Western Europe. b. Eastern China. c. Unites States. d. Australia. e. South America.

a

Which of the following regions has the lowest overall Human Development Index (HDI) ranking? Select one: a. Sub-Saharan Africa. b. Latin America. c. East Asia. d. East Europe. e. Middle East.

a

Which of the following situational factors best explains why automobile manufacturing and assembly plants continue to locate in the interior United States? Select one: a. Lower labor costs than in coastal locations with strong environmental laws. b. Relatively less expensive site costs and quick delivery to large markets. c. Weight gain industries can locate further from their market area. d. Weak unions and stringent environmental laws. e. Decreasing global transportation costs and rising labor costs in China.

b

Based on the concept of Wallerstein's world-systems analysis, which of the following countries best fits the description of semi-periphery in the early 21st century? Select one: a. Afghanistan. b. China. c. Cuba. d. Germany. e. Nigeria.

b

During the 1800s Industrial Revolution, the most important fuel source for manufacturing was Select one: a. oil. b. coal. c. nuclear. d. hydro-electric. e. solar.

b

The most important transportation improvement of the late 20th and early 21st century impacting international trade is Select one: a. increased speed and efficiency of airplanes. b. improvements in intermodal containerization. c. decreased reliance on transportation using fossil fuels. d. improved major highway systems in United States and Europe. e. faster and more efficient trains in Europe and the United States

b

Which of the following best describes the overall global trend in agriculture? Select one: a. The percent of people working in agriculture is declining and the productivity of farming is decreasing. b. The percent of people working in agriculture is declining and the productivity of farming is increasing. c. The percent of people working in agriculture is increasing d. The percent of people working in agriculture is increasing and productivity of farming is decreasing. e. The percent of people working in agriculture is increasing and productivity of farming is increasing.

b

Which of the following countries has the highest overall Human Development Index (HDI) ranking? Select one: a. Democratic Republic of the Congo. b. Argentina. c. China. d. Egypt. e. India.

b

Which of the following factors helps to explain why automobile manufacturing facilities are being built in the Southern United States as opposed to the traditional locations of Michigan and other states in the Midwest? Select one: a. Increasing cost of automobile maintenance. b. Workers in the South are less likely to join a union. c. Increasing competition from cars produced in China. d. The largest population clusters in the US are in the South. e. Hybrid technology exists in greater supplies in the South than other regions of the US.

b

Which of the following is the best definition of Gross National Product (GNP? Select one: a. The value of all goods and service produced within a country in a given year. b. The value of all goods and service that the citizens of a county produced in a given year regardless of where they live. c. The income earned by a country's people. d. Total household, business and government income minus taxes. e. The value of a country's exports minus their imports.

b

Which of the following is the best example of a bulk reducing industry? Select one: a. Automobile assembly. b. Copper mining. c. Toy manufacturing. d. Doctor. e. Soft-drink bottling.

b

Which of the following is the last stage of development of Rostow's model? Select one: a. Drive to Maturity. b. High Mass Consumption. c. Preconditions for Take-off. d. Take-off. e. Traditional Society.

b

Which of the following regions gets the highest percentage of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from agriculture? Select one: a. Central America. b. Central Africa. c. Western Europe. d. Australia. e. South America.

b

Which of the following statements is most true today relating to the situational factors of business? Select one: a. Situational factors of the 21st century are essentially the same as the 20th century. b. Changes in transportation, manufacturing techniques and markets have changed situational considerations in the 21st century. c. While situational factors are important, the overall global economy is the most important factor in industry today. d. The situational factors for different industries vary little between industries. e. Changes in technology put all industries and jobs in a country at risk of being out-sourced overseas.

b

A clustering of rubber tire and windshield producers near automobile assembly plants is best explained by the benefits of Select one: a. productivity. b. range. c. agglomeration. d. space-time compression. e. deglommeration.

c

According to Wallerstein's world-systems analysis, which of the following is the eventual outcome of the theory? Select one: a. Permanent division of wealthy core countries and poor periphery countries. b. Creation of one giant super core with the rest of the world as a periphery. c. Evolution towards multiple cores that exchange goods, services and resources. d. Current system of cores and periphery exists with the periphery becoming increasingly financially dependent on the core. e. Devolution of core, replaced by multiple semi-periphery regions supported by the resources of nearby periphery regions

c

Just-in-time production is most associated with which manufacturing process? Select one: a. Fordist. b. Assembly line. c. Flexible production. d. Positive externalities. e. Tertiary.

c

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which of the following best describes manufacturing? Select one: a. Large factories located in cities were owned by corporations. b. Multinational corporations create a global assembly line of production. c. Individual families produced goods by hand or on individual spinning wheels. d. Mechanized assembly line with workers monitoring the quality of the product. e. Manufacturing did not exist prior to the Industrial Revolution.

c

The Gender Development Index (GDI) is the highest for women in Select one: a. Japan. b. United States. c. Scandinavia. d. Canada. e. southern Europe.

c

The Great Big Tennis Shoe Company makes its shoes with leather from a company in Argentina, the shoelaces and thread come from companies in the United States, and the rubber for the soles from Indonesia. The shoes are assembled in factories in China and the shoes are ultimately sold in Europe and the United States. All of the following factors help explain why this global assembly line process occurs except Select one: a. improvements in data communication. b. relatively low transportation costs due to containerization. c. decreasing incomes in the developed regions of the world d. relatively low labor costs in different regions of the world. e. the durability of the good being processed.

c

The North/South split of development as shown by the Brandt line generally asserts what factor? Select one: a. Northern countries are poorer than Southern countries. b. Western countries have greater influence and power than Eastern countries. c. Northern countries are wealthier than southern countries. d. At one point in history northern and southern countries were very similar in development but because of political differences each region proceeded differently. e. Political theory explains why Sub-Saharan Africa is politically unstable.

c

The gender empowerment index (GEM) attempts to measure the influence of women in a society by indexing woman's income, participation in labor force, professional jobs and political influence. Which of the following regions scored the lowest on the GEM index in 2002? Select one: a. North America. b. Eastern Europe. c. Middle East. d. East Asia. e. South America.

c

The process of producing parts or products in a foreign country for domestic use or sale is known as? Select one: a. Ecumene. b. Peak value intersection. c. Outsourcing. d. Quanternary activities. e. Tapering principle.

c

The rise of China economically has had which of the following impacts on the global economy? Select one: a. Increased prices for consumers of manufactured goods. b. Reinforced Europe's role in manufacturing. c. Lowered the price of consumer goods on a global scale. d. Caused world leaders to divest in China and Asia. e. China's labor market has increase the cost of production.

c

The textile industry in the United States has been more susceptible to out-sourcing than has the automobile assembly industry for which of the following reasons? Select one: a. Auto assembly is more of a market-oriented industry and textiles are cheaper to transport than cars. b. Textiles are cheaper to transport than cars and stronger worker laws are common in less developed countries. c. Auto assembly is more of a market-oriented industry, textiles are cheaper to transport than cars, and low cost, low skill labor is often available overseas. d. Available low cost, low skill labor overseas, stronger worker laws in less developed countries, and lack of workers in US willing to work in textile industry contribute to the out-sourcing. e. Textiles are cheaper to transport than cars, available low cost, low skill labor overseas, and stronger worker laws in less developed countries make it easier.

c

The wealthiest economic region in East Asia today is Select one: a. China. b. South Korea. c. Japan. d. Philippines. e. Taiwan.

c

This development strategy encourages countries to spread its investments equally across all sectors of its economy and regions andencourages high tariffs and measures to protect new emerging industries. The main goal is to reduce poverty. Select one: a. Rostow Modernization Theory. b. Sustainable Development. c. Self-Sufficiency. d. Devolution. e. Gravity Model.

c

What is the term for places of economic activity deliberately organized around one or more high growth industries? Select one: a. Industrialization. b. Core. c. Growth pole. d. Conurbation. e. Heartland Theory.

c

Which of the following best describes Rostow's model of economic development? Select one: a. A country should invest equally across all sectors of the economy and protect new industries from international competition. b. Governments should purchase and create companies within their border and slowly build the company. c. Countries will proceed through a series of stages in which a country focuses on the development of industries in which it has a comparative advantage. d. Focuses on developing economic and social institution that can be sustained without sacrificing or severely damaging the environment. e. Countries should outsource industrial production to periphery countries in order to lower the cost of goods in the "Core".

c

Which of the following country did many Asian countries follow as an example to development? Select one: a. China. b. Australia. c. Japan. d. Philippines. e. India.

c

Which of the following development schools of thought advocates that countries proceed through progressive stages of economic structural change? Less developed countries should follow the path that Western Europe and North America took during the Industrial Revolution. Select one: a. Core-periphery. b. Dependency. c. Modernization. d. Neoliberal Counterrevolution. e. Sustainable Development.

c

Which of the following forms of transportation would be most effective in delivering coal from a mine in Casper, Wyoming to a plant creating electricity in Houston, Texas? Select one: a. Airplane. b. Truck. c. Railroad. d. Pipeline. e. Intermodal containers.

c

Which of the following industries is most likely to outsource jobs to another country because of slight increases in labor costs? Select one: a. Steel manufacturing. b. Automobile assembly plant. c. Textile plant. d. High-tech research facility. e. Milk dairy.

c

Which of the following regions in the late 20th and early 21st century had the largest increases in GDP per capita? Select one: a. Western Europe. b. Eastern Europe. c. East Asia. d. South Africa. e. Middle East.

c

Which set of data best describes the overall structure of a highly developed country's workforce in 2008 (% of workforce engaged in each sector)? Select one: a. Primary 75%, secondary 15%, tertiary 10%. b. Primary 25%, secondary 50%, tertiary 25%. c. Primary 10%, secondary 30%, tertiary 60%. d. Primary 50%, secondary 25%, tertiary 25%. e. Primary 33%, secondary 33%, tertiary 34%

c

Which stage of the classic Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is most associated with the industrialization of a country's economy? Select one: a. Stage I. b. Stage II. c. Stage III. d. Stage IV. e. Stage V.

c

Based on the concept of Wallerstein's world-systems analysis, which of the following countries best fits the description of core in the early 21st century? Select one: a. Afghanistan. b. China. c. Cuba. d. Germany. e. Nigeria.

d

Most of the products that are produced in Maquiladoras are mainly sent to consumers in which country? Select one: a. Mexico. b. China. c. India. d. United States. e. Brazil.

d

The Human Development Index (HDI) uses four statistical measurements. Which of the following lists are statistics used to measure the HDI? Select one: a. Gross National Product (GNP), growth rate, Natural Increase Rate (NIR), and literacy. b. Purchasing power, access to safe drinking water, Crude Birth Rate (CBR), and type of government. c. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, life expectancy, literacy rate, and HIV infections per capita. d. Per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), life expectancy, literacy rate, and average years of education. e. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, infant mortality, literacy rate, and natural increase.

d

The industrialization of a country's economy often has which the following large- scale effects on a country's demographic patterns? Select one: a. People migrate from the cities into rural areas seeking new jobs in the primary sector. This migration leads to a decrease in death rate for the country. b. Individuals migrate to new industrial or urban areas in search of jobs. Over time the death rate increases for the country because of the high risk jobs. c. Families migrate to cities seeking jobs in the secondary sector and because of the increased wages, birth rate increases for the country. d. Mechanized farming replaces many labor-intensive jobs, inducing people to move to new industrial and urban areas. Over time, the country's birth rate decreases as the country industrializes. e. Industrialization has very little effect on the migration of a country's population but does have the dramatic effect of increasing the death rate.

d

Which of the following is an economic system with relatively simple technology on which people produce most or all of the goods to satisfy their family's needs? Select one: a. Capitalist. b. Mixed. c. Planned. d. Subsistence. e. Market.

d

Which of the following is typically not a characteristic of Least Developed Countries (LDCs)? Select one: a. Extreme disparities in income exist between rich and poor. b. An increasing percentage of the population living in cities. c. Large portions of the population engaged in agricultural activity. d. Large portions of the population are highly skilled and educated. e. The standard of living has generally been rising.

d

Which of the following regions has the largest percent of the world's petroleum reserves? Select one: a. Southeast Asia. b. Eastern Europe. c. Central America. d. Southwest Asia. e. North America.

d

Advocates of globalization processes would disagree with which of the following statements? Select one: a. The new international division of labor has lowered production costs thereby reducing the cost of goods to consumers. b. The globalization of finance has increased the amount of capital available for projects around the world. c. Globalization has induced a new technology system of robotics, biotechnology and information systems. d. Not all people in a country benefit equally from globalization, but countries that engage in the global economy are better off than those that don't. e. Globalization does not change people's culture or the type of jobs available in a country.

e

In the context of industrial location, which of the following best describes the concept of situation? Select one: a. The number of jobs that an industry will create in a region. b. The location of an industry in relation to other industries. c. A force that attracts industries to a specific location. d. An area with advanced technology and culture. e. The location of an industry in relation to resources used in production including its market.

e

Rostow's economic development model indicates that before high level economic development can occur, Select one: a. countries must have extensive resources and be part of the world's free market economy. b. countries must develop industries that are sustainable and do not negatively affect the environment. c. primary sector employment must decrease and agricultural output increase. d. countries must receive foreign aid or investment in large quantities in order to achieve large-scale technology transfer. e. countries must pass through predictable and sequential stages.

e

The largest sector of the economy in Postindustrial countries is Select one: a. primary. b. secondary. c. quaternary. d. quinary. e. tertiary.

e

Weber's least cost location theory uses all of the following factors to determine optimum location of a manufacturing facility except Select one: a. labor cost. b. transportation cost. c. agglomeration effects. d. relative location of resources and markets. e. global division of labor.

e

Which of the following countries in 2008 has the largest percent of its workforce engaged in the tertiary or service sector? Select one: a. Peru. b. Nigeria. c. China. d. Egypt. e. Germany.

e

Which of the following countries is not a major producer of steel? Select one: a. China. b. Japan. c. United States. d. South Korea. e. Nigeria.

e

Which of the following is the best example of a bulk gaining industry? Select one: a. Paper production. b. Copper mining. c. Data-processing. d. Medical equipment plant. e. Automobile assembly.

e