EDF 6233 Exam 2

Procedural forms of extinction

involve "ignoring" the problem behavior

noncontingent reinforcement

situation in which no relationship exists between an organism's behavior and the availability of reinforcement

spontaneous recovery

the reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Functional form of extinction

withholding maintaining reinforcers

Interdependent group contingency

A contingency in which reinforcement for all members of a group is dependent on each member of the group meeting a performance criterion that is in effect for all members of the group.

Functional Communication Training (FCT)

An antecedent intervention in which an appropriate communicative behavior is taught as a replacement behavior for problem behavior usually evoked by an establishing operation (EO); involves differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA).

High-P request sequence

An antecedent intervention in which two to five easy tasks with a known history of learner compliance are presented in quick succession immediately before requesting the target task, the low-p request.

The term __________ refers to the temporal relation of stimuli or events coming before an occurrence of behavior.

Antecedent

Contingency Dependent

Antecedent event is dependent on the consequences of behavior for developing evocative & abative effects All stimulus control functions Referred to as antecedent control

Contingency Independent

Antecedent event that is NOT dependent on the consequences of behavior for developing evocative and abative effects. "MOs are contingency independent"

Preventing problem behavior via __________________ is not recommended because there is a skill deficit; rather , it may be used in order to temporarily eliminate a problem behavior until the skill can be taught.

Antecedent interventions

Each time Xander is asked to complete his evening chores, his mother interrupts his online game and many problem behaviors follow. What can the behavior analyst best recommend to mom in order to get Xander to complete his chores?

Ask Xander to do his chores before he logs in to his game

When selecting a ________ reinforcer for a token economy, you can use naturally occurring items or activities or add backup items, if others fail, as long as ethical and legal issues are considered.

Backup

Frédérique exhibits extremely high frequencies of problem behavior. Which of the following is NOT appropriate to recommend?

Behavior momentum

Extinction

Cessation of reinforcement

Carr and Durand suggested that we conceptualist problem behavior not only as serving a function or purpose; rather, consider problem behavior as a form of ____________

Communication

A _______________ is a document that specifies an agreement between 2 parties where a specified reinforcer is delivered upon completion of the contract.

Contingency contract

A client exhibits disruptive behavior while grocery shopping with his mother. The parent delivers a reinforcer every 5-7 minutes that the target behavior does not occur. This procedure is part of:

DRO

A teacher and students complain that the contingency contract isn't working. You review the contract and find that there is a place for tracking progress and a well designed reinforcer menu, but it is missing:

Details about the task

Researchers found that manipulating the dimensions of reinforcement along the lines of _________, quality, or delay when extinctions could not be used.

Durations

You have a client who refuses to eat food at dinner. You begin presenting for the client to eat and only remove the presentation of food when 5 bites have been swallowed. This an example of :

Escape extinction

SD's due what?

Evoke behavior due to past correlation with increased availability of reinforcement

___________ is a procedure that decrease the future frequency of a behavior because reinforcement of that previously reinforced behavior is discontinued.

Extinction

_____________ produces a gradual decrease u. Behavior except when the reinforcement is removed abruptly.

Extinction

Attention Extinction

Extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement

Every time you go out to Taco Bell, you order fire sauce for your tacos and they give it to you. You move across town and go to a different Taco Bell which informs you every time that there ins no fire sauce in stock. Eventually, you stop asking for fire sauce because your behavior has been:

Extinguished

The procedural forms of extinction, i.e. ignoring, are different and not as effective as the ____________ variations of extinction.

Functional

Amelia bites her hand when she needs help. Which would be a great intervention to recommend?

Functional communication training

You have a client that seems to become bored or satiated with preferred reinforcers very quickly, regardless of what it is. One option you could implement is:

Getting several backup reinforcers to use with a token economy

The ____________ is an interdependent group contingency because delivery if the reinforcer is contingent upon the actions of the individual and the group.

Good behavior game

A procedure in which a common consequence is applied to a group contingent on the whole or parts of the group is called a __________________.

Group contingency

The _________ procedure is an example of a dependent group contingency because it the actions of one individual can earn rewards for the entire group.

Hero

An antecedent intervention in which 2 to 5 tasks with a known history of learner compliance are presented in quick succession immediately before requesting the target task with a known history of non-compliance is known as ________________.

High probability request sequence

Meier et al. utilized the ___________ as an alternative intervention for the often ethically questionable escape extinction procedures to increase food acceptance.

High-p sequence

Using extinction when behaviors linked to ____________ is not recommended to treat problem behaviors.

Imitation

DRA procedures use reinforcement when a behavior is a desirable alternative to the target behaviors but not necessarily _________.

Incompatible

MO's due what?

Increase current frequency of behavior despite the availability of reinforcement

Independent contingency

Individual reward for individual achievement

Your employer has told you that if everyone turns in the requested signed paperwork before the deadline that there will be 20% one time bonus added to the next paycheck. This is an example of which group contingency:

Interdependent

A counselor at a summer canopy is tired of hearing the children scream indoors. She tells all members of the group that they can have extra 15 minutes of recess if no one screams for the next 30 minutes. This is a:

Interdependent group contingency

antecedent intervention

Intervention implemented prior to and independent of the target behavior's occurrence

In a _________ system, a person must acquire increasingly more refined repertoires while the delivery of a generalized conditioned reinforcer is ______________.

Level Decreased

A non-contingently reinforcer enriched environment may function as an abolishing operation; in other words, it reduces _____________ to engage in the problem behavior.

Motivation

Dwight tells a colleague that his son's nose-picking behavior has been extinguished simply because he has been delivering a reinforcer during periods of time where he has not picked. Is Dwight using the term extinction correctly?

No

Is extinction a punishment procedure?

No, extinction is a "non event"

When known reinforcers are deliver on a time based schedule of reinforcement - regardless of the learner's behavior - we are using an antecedent intervention known as _____________________.

Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)

response variation

Novel (new) behavior emitted when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced

dependent contingency

One person is singled out. If they succeed then the whole group gets a reward.

Raquel us a gifted student; however, there is no advanced placement for her general math class. Her teacher calls in an analyst to address her "sleeping" behavior during independent seat work. What should the analyst best recommend?

Provide Raquel with more challenging math work

A behavior plan has a DRA procedure in which a student is given the reinforcing consequence of being answered any time he raises his hands instead of shouting out. The teacher accidentally responds to him sometimes. What is one thing you should consider when modifying this procedure?

Provide coaching so that hr is answered only when his hand is raised.

When establishing the _________ of exchange between the number of tokens earned and the price of the backup items, you should start with rations that are _______.

Ratio Small

Because extinction is an often-misused word in ABA, behavior analysts should only use the term to identify the procedure of withholding ___________ that maintained a behavior.

Reinforcement

To be effective with using extinction, the behavior analyst must make sure that all reinforcers are withheld, that ___________ is whither consistently, and that the extinction procedure is combined with other procedures.

Reinforcement

As a reminder, discriminative stimuli evoke behavior because they have been correlated with increased availability of ______________ whereas, the evocative function of MOs are independent of the ____________ availability of reinforcement.

Reinforcement Availability

Behaviors maintained by negative reinforcement are said to be placed on extinction when that behavior no longer produced the _________ of the aversive stimulus.

Removal

To improve the effectiveness of DRA and DRI, the behavior analyst should make sure that the skills needed to do the desired behaviors are in the learner's _____________.

Repertoire

A token economy is a system that used an item as a ___________ such as using coins or points that can be traded in for various reinforcers.

Reward

A __________ is a contingency contract that a person makes with herself and involves self-monitoring.

Self contract

In addition the o the promised reinforcer, contingency contracts work most likely because of __________ behavior, meaning that verbal behavior is effectively linked to the consquence.

Target

There are 3 main parts of most contingency contracts: the details of the task, the description of the ______ and a place to record task completion.

Task

Michelle prompts Michael with a 5-page math worksheet, which is his least preferred subject. He flips his desk over in protest. What should Michelle consider?

Task length

A class of students is split into 2 groups where each group is given a mark with undesired behavior is observer by the teacher. The teacher rewards the group with the fewest marks. The class is using:

The a good behavior game

behavioral momentum

The tendency of behavior patterns to persist once established

Group contingencies are beneficial because they can save ________, reduce workload for administrators, and work in situations where individual contingencies would be impractical.

Time

A practitioner using DRO would deliver a reinforcer after a behavior has not occurred within a specified _____________; this is also known as DR of zero responding.

Time interval

DRA

a procedure for decreasing problem behavior in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that serves as a desirable alternative to the behavior targeted for reduction and withheld following instances of the problem behavior

extinction burst

a temporary increase in the frequency and intensity of responding when extinction is first implemented

escape extinction

behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are placed on excape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behaivor does not enable the person to escape the aversive situation

DRI

differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior