EFMB - Written Test, Field Sanitation
What is the purpose of measuring the wet bulb-globe temperature index and when should you do this?
The purpose and general use of the wet bulb-globe temperature index is to determine the amount of heat stress on the body. Monitoring the index enables leaders to determine the proper preventive measures needed during hot conditions. Peak temperatures usually occur between 1200 and 1600 hours. Local and regional conditions may warrant modification of the work schedule during these peak hours.
What support is an FST dependent on from brigade level and higher preventive medicine personnel? (5 Sections)
1. FST Certification training. 2. Field screening and presumptive analysis of water supplies. 3. Basic pest management and surveillance. 4. Limited application of pesticides. 5. Limited medical surveillance.
How should the location for field latrines be determined? (2 Sections)
1. Field latrines should be as far from food operations as possible (100 meters or more). Downwind and downslope, if possible. 2. Downslope from wells, springs, streams, and other water sources (30 meters or more)
Understand how to use iodine tablets to disinfect water in a five gallon container.
1. Fill a five-gallon container with the cleanest, clearest water available. 2. Dissolve 40 iodine tablets in a canteen cup full of water to disinfect any type of water. 3. Add this solution to the five-gallon container of water and agitate the solution. 4. Place the cap on the container loosely. Wait five minutes and then agitate the container vigorously to allow leakage to rinse the threads around the neck of the can. 5. Tighten the cap and wait an additional 25 minutes before using the water for any purpose.
Understand how to use iodine tablets to disinfect water in a personal hydration system bladder.
1. Use two iodine tablets for 40-ounce water reservoirs, four iodine tablets for 70- or 72-ounce water reservoirs, and 6 for 100- or 102-ounce reservoirs. 2. Allow 30 minutes of contact time before consuming the water. 3. If the water to be treated is cloudy or discolored, either double the dosage or use the chlorination kit (water purification) in a separate container.
What are the factors for cold injury?
Agent. (immediate cause of tissue damage without respect to the influence of modifying factors) Environmental. Host (Age, rank, previous cold injury, fatigue, discipline, training, and experience, psychosocial factors., gender, race, geographic origin, nutrition, activity, drugs and medications)
How should commanders and FSTs plan for field sanitation devices?
Commanders can plan for the construction and maintenance of field sanitation devices by determining the type of devices required. When prefabricated latrine facilities are not available, the type of improvised waste disposal facilities used depends on the mission, length of stay in the area, terrain, and weather conditions. (I heavily recommend you refer to to ATP 4-25.12 Chapter 2-11 for in-depth information regarding Field Sanitation Devices, among other command-related health considerations.)
What temperature ranges should potentially hazardous foods be stored?
Hot foods at a product temperature of 135 degrees Fahrenheit (57 degrees Celsius) or above, and cold foods at a product temperature of 41 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius) or below.
How long does it take Soldiers to acclimatize to heat?
Most Soldiers' physiological responses to heat stress improve in 10 to 14 days of exposure to heat and regular strenuous exercise. Factors to consider in acclimatizing Soldiers are the wet bulb-globe temperature index; work rates and duration; uniform and equipment; and Soldiers' physical and mental conditions.
What are the cold and wet (nonfreezing/freezing) cold injuries?
Nonfreezing - 1. HYPOTHERMIA 2. CHILBLAINS 3. IMMERSION SYNDROME (TRENCH FOOT) Freezing - 1. FROSTBITE
What are preventive medicine measures?
Preventive medicine measures are simple, common sense actions that every Soldier can perform .. (that) significantly reduces the spread of disease and greatly reduces or eliminates the incidence of disease and non-battle injury
What are the disposal methods for nonhazardous solid waste?
The primary options for disposal of nonhazardous solid waste in the field are burning, burial, or backhauling.
What precautions should be taken when handling biological waste? (5 Sections)
1. Always use disposable rubber gloves when working with biological materials. 2. Wear coveralls/rubberized aprons, as necessary. 3. Wear goggles or safety glasses, as necessary. 4. Wear facemasks and air-filtered breathing masks approved for specific tasks, when removing/working with biological waste. 5. Dispose of biological waste materials according to unit standard operating procedures and product label instructions
How do unit field sanitation teams (FST) assist commanders in maintaining health and well-being of Soldiers? (9 Sections)
1. Arthropod and rodent management control measures within unit area; 2. Supervising the disinfection of unit bulk water supplies; 3. Teaching soldiers water purification techniques, and the dangers of food/water from unapproved sources; 4. Inspecting unit-level food service personnel, facilities, and equipment; 5. Supervising the placement, construction, and maintenance of garbage disposal, soakage pits, latrines and urinal facilities; Sanitization inspections of latrines and urinal facilities; 6. Providing training, guidance, and inspections of personnel hygiene practices, information and assistance on individual preventive medicine measures to include DoD Insect Repellent System 7. Assisting in the selection of unit field sites, reporting suspected toxic industrial materials 8. Identifying and posting noise hazards 9. Reporting findings of inspections to the unit commander
When is handwashing and sanitizing most effective? (8 Sections)
1. Before eating or snacking. 2. After eating or snacking. 3. Before handling and or preparing food. 4. After using the latrine. 5. After handling anything that could potentially transfer germs. 6. Frequently during the work day to keep your hands free of germs. 7. After coming into contact with any local flora or fauna. 8. After physical contact with local nationals
What chemicals are used to disinfect drinking water? (3 Sections)
1. Calcium hypochlorite 2. Water purification tablets, chlorine 3. Water purification tablets, iodine.
What are the eight known pathogens that account for the majority of illnesses, hospitalizations and deaths?
1. Campylobacter. 2. Clostridium perfringens. 3. Escherichia coli. 4. Listeria monocytogenes. 5. Toxoplasma gondii. 6. Norovirus. 7. Salmonella. 8. Staphylococcus aureus.
What are the injuries that could come from carbon monoxide, smoke, bore/gun gases, and fuel/solvents/grease/oils? (4 Sections)
1. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that causes headache, sleepiness, coma, and death. 2. Smoke used for obscuration and signaling is a very irritating gas that can cause severe coughing, wheezing, and lung damage, if inhaled 3. Bore/gun gases is an extremely irritating gas that reacts with body fluids to produce hydrochloric acid in the throat, lungs, and eyes. It causes coughing, acid burns to tissues, and flu-like lung disease 4. Fuel, solvents, grease, and oils cause skin rashes, burns, drying, and infections. They also cause damage to the liver, blood, and brain. Note. Many toxic industrial materials are known carcinogens.
What are other conditions associated with cold weather and the treatment?
1. DEHYDRATION 2. CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING 3. SNOW BLINDNESS
What are the different types of urine disposal?
1. DISPOSABLE URINE COLLECTION DEVICES (Catch bags, female urinary devices) 2. MANUFACTURED URINE DISPOSAL DEVICES 3. IMPROVISED URINALS (Urine soakage pit, pipe urinals, trough urinals, urinoils)
What are the four variables in determining the effectiveness of chlorine disinfection of drinking water?
1. Dose. (Amount of chlorine added per unit volume of water) 2. Demand. (Amount of chlorine per liter of water that reacts with inorganic and organic matter, including microorganisms, and is no longer available for disinfection.) 3. Residual concentration. (Amount of free available chlorine that is available to be measured as a residual after the demand is completely satisfied.) 4. Contact time. (Time that is established for the chlorine to react with and inactivate pathogenic microorganisms prior to consumption of the water.)
What are the rules of water discipline? (3 Sections)
1. Drink water from approved sources only. 2. Prevent water waste. 3. Protect water sources with good sanitary practices.
What are the eight health threats to Soldiers in the field? (8 Sections)
1. Endemic diseases. 2. Food and waterborne diseases. 3. Hazardous plants and animals. 4. Entomological hazards (nuisance pests and disease-carrying vectors). 5. Toxic industrial materials (industrial and agricultural). 6. Deployment-related stress. 7. Hazardous noise. 8. Climatic or environmental extremes (heat, cold, wind-blown sand, or other particulates)
How do you disinfect canteens with calcium hypochlorite?
1. Fill the canteen with the cleanest, clearest water available, leaving an air space of an inch or more below the neck of the canteen. 2. Fill a canteen cup half full of water and add the calcium hypochlorite from one ampule, stirring with a clean utensil until this powder is dissolved. 3. Fill the cap of a plastic canteen half full of the solution in the cup and add it to the water in the canteen. Then place the cap on the canteen and shake it thoroughly. 4. Loosen the cap slightly and invert the canteen, letting the treated water leak onto the threads around the neck of the canteen. 5. Tighten the cap on the canteen and wait at least 30 minutes before using the water for any purpose.
Understand how to use iodine tablets to disinfect water in a canteen.
1. Fill the canteen with the cleanest, clearest water available. 2. Add two iodine tablets to each one-quart canteen full of water, or four tablets to two-quart canteens. A two percent solution of tincture of iodine may be used in place of iodine tablets. 3. Put the cap on the canteen. Shake the canteen to dissolve tablets. 4. Wait five minutes. Loosen the cap and tip the canteen over to allow leakage around the canteen threads. 5. Tighten the cap and wait an additional 25 minutes before drinking
What are the four properties and characteristics of noise?
1. Frequency. 2. Intensity. 3. Nature of the noise. 4. Exposure duration.
What are types of heat injury?
1. Heat cramps 2. Heat exhaustion 3. Heat stroke 4. Heat rash 5. Sunburn 6. Skin cancer 7. Rhabdomyolysis 8. Hyponatremia (water intoxication)
What are protective measures that fall under an individual Soldier's responsibility? (5 Sections)
1. Heat injury by following work/rest and water consumption guidelines, adhering to uniform wear policies, and by using sunscreen on exposed body parts. 2. Cold injury by wearing proper cold-weather clothing and frequently changing socks to keep feet dry, by careful handling of gasoline-type liquids, and by avoiding contact between skin and cold metal 3. Mosquito, fly, tick, and other arthropod-borne diseases by using insect repellents, netting, and insecticide aerosols; by taking approved chemoprophylaxis; and by wearing the uniform properly. 4. Enteric diseases by using water purification tablets whenever water quality is uncertain and by avoiding foods prepared by unapproved food vendors, and by properly disposing of bodily wastes. 5. Skin diseases by washing the body as often as practicable.
What are the factors for heat injury?
1. High heat category, especially on several sequential days (measure the wet bulb-globe temperature index when ambient temperature is over 75 degrees Fahrenheit). 2. Exertional level of training, especially on several sequential days. 3. Acclimatization. 4. Time (length of heat exposure and recovery time). 5.Not acclimatized to heat. 6. Exposure to any of the following in the previous two to three days: 7. Increased heat exposure. 8. Increased exertional levels. 9. Lack of quality sleep. 10. Poor fitness (unable to run two miles in less than 16 minutes). 11. Overweight. 12. Minor illness (cold symptoms, sore throat, low-grade fever, nausea, vomiting) will increase the amount of heat to be dissipated by the body. 13. Taking medications (either prescribed or over the counter)/supplements/dietary aids (for example, allergy or cold remedies, ephedra supplement) that inhibit sweating, such as atropine, antihistamines, some tranquilizers, cold medicines, and some antidiarrheal medications. 14. Use of alcohol in the last 24 hours especially the amount needed to cause hangovers. 15. Prior history of heat injury (any heat stroke, or more than two episodes of heat exhaustion). 16. Skin disorders such as heat rash and sunburn that prevent effective sweating. 17. Age more than 40 years old. 18. Heavy metals and hot foods and drinks (coffee and tea) add heat to the body and put unnecessary stress on the body. 19. Tight clothing is detrimental to heat loss from the body. Clothing should be loose so as not to restrict circulation or impede movement of air over the skin.
What are the five risk factors related to food handler behaviors that contribute to foodborne illness?
1. Improper holding temperatures. 2. Inadequate cooking. 3. Contaminated equipment. 4. Foods from unsafe sources. 5. Poor personal hygiene.
What are the routes of entry that toxic industrial materials can enter the body?
1. Inhalation. 2. Absorption. 3. Ingestion. 4. Injection
What are the three most encountered rodents? (3 Sections)
1. Norway (Rattus norvegicus) 2. Roof rat (Rattus, rattus) 3. House mouse (Mus musculus)
What are toxic industrial materials and what areas are they generally found? What are the commonly encountered gases and liquids? (3 Sections, give examples.)
1. Occupational hazards - exhaust from engines and heaters; gases from weapons firing and M8 smoke; solvents used to clean weapons; greases and oil from vehicles 2. Industrial Hazards - Compressed gases, industrial solvents, hazardous chemical waste, materials used at water treatment plants and waste sewage plants 3. Biological/Radiological Hazards - Medical waste, medical research facility materials, radioactive isotopes, substances at nuclear power plants, depleted uranium
How can you avoid contracting water and foodborne disease? (3 Sections)
1. Only eat and drink food and water from United States-approved sources. 2. Do not buy foods, drinks, or ice from civilian vendors unless approved by veterinary personnel. 3. Wash hands using soap and potable water.
How can you protect yourself from injuries caused by solvents, grease, and oils? (6 Sections)
1. Only use authorized safety solvent. 2. Never substitute an unauthorized solvent to clean equipment. For example, do not use a degreasing agent like denatured alcohol instead of an authorized nontoxic, nonhazardous solvent preservative cleaning agent. 3. Wear coveralls, if available, and rubber gloves. 4. Wash or change clothing often, especially when soiled by chemicals or fuel. 5. Always follow label instructions for use and safety precautions. 6. Use ventilation systems in areas where fumes are present or when conditions and materials dictate
Understand how to use the DoD Insect Repellent System. What are the three components?
1. Permethrin on uniforms and bed nets. 2. A 33 percent N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) insect repellent applied to exposed skin. 3. Proper wearing of the uniform.
What are the four types of latrines that can be employed to meet the requirements of Soldiers in the field?
1. Portable/disposable latrine systems are especially useful for Soldiers who are mobile, or will only be in place for very short periods of time. 2. Chemical latrine systems are prefabricated latrines that are placed and serviced under contract from a trusted vendor. 3. Containerized latrine systems are a prefabricated component part of the Force Provider system. 4. Improvised latrine systems are latrines that are dug and/or constructed from readily available materials by the Soldiers who will use them. These systems are generally used when Soldiers are mobile or when they are just establishing a new base of operations.
What are the key facts about rabies? How can you prevent it?
1. Rabies is a viral disease that can be transmitted to humans through the saliva of infected mammals. 2. Animals present in deployment settings are not vaccinated against rabies as pets are in the United States. 3. Humans can be infected with rabies by being bitten by infected animals or getting saliva from infected animals in open wounds, mouth, or eyes. 4. You cannot always tell if an animal has rabies. Once the signs and symptoms of rabies develop, the disease is almost always fatal in man. 5. Rabies is preventable. Treatments for rabies are available at medical treatment facilities. Survival requires extensive supportive care to maintain ventilation and nutrition; only three humans have survived rabies and only one without permanent after effects of the disease. Preventing rabies - 1. Do not adopt mascots or pets when deployed. This practice, though common, is highly discouraged and dangerous. 2. Do not approach, feed or handle wild or stray animals. 3. If you are bitten or get animal saliva on broken skin or in your eyes or mouth, immediately wash the area with soap and water and seek immediate medical attention. Rabies is preventable if exposed individuals receive prompt medical care after being exposed. 4. Report animal exposures immediately. 5. Capturing animals for observation or euthanizing animals for rabies testing is best performed by qualified veterinary or force health protection personnel who are already vaccinated against the disease. If the animal is killed, its intact head should be placed in a waterproof bag; packed in ice, and carried to a veterinary or medical laboratory for examination to determine if rabies infection is present. 6. Local regulations requiring vaccination and restraint of pets are vital. They afford our domestic animal population with protection from wildlife reservoirs of rabies.
What are the six control techniques for rodents?
1. SURVEY 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION 3. RODENT PROOFING 4. RODENT ECTOPARASITE CONTROL (average number of fleas found per rat) 5. RODENT KILLING 6. MAINTENANCE
What are the three considerations for the amount of water necessary to sustain Soldiers?
1. Season of the year. 2. Geographical location. 3. Tactical situation.
How can you avoid potential heat injury? (6 Sections)
1. Soldiers must become acclimatized. Significant heat acclimatization requires at least three to five days and full acclimatization can take up to two weeks 2. Use sunscreen on all exposed body parts. 3. Drink plenty of water, depending on the heat and activity level, Soldiers may need to drink from ½ to 1½ quarts of water per hour. Three gallons or 12-quarts per day in hot, dry climates. 4. Use work/rest cycles, as leaders direct. A rest period helps prevent dangerous increases in body temperatures by minimizing heat production 5. Eat all meals to replace salts; eating all meals in the field will usually provide the body's requirements for salts. Field rations are designed to meet the daily requirements for minerals and electrolytes (sodium) 6. Modify the uniform, when directed/authorized by the commander to reduce heat stress and to protect against ultraviolet radiation.
What are the principles of preventative medicine measures? (3 Sections)
1. Soldiers perform individual techniques of preventive medicine measures. 2. Field sanitation teams train Soldiers in preventive medicine measures and advise the commander and unit leaders on implementation of unit-level preventive medicine measures. 3. Chain of command plans for and enforces preventive medicine measures (I would recommend you read ATP 4-25.12 "Unit Field Sanitation Team", Chapter 2-1 in regards to this question, as it goes further in-depth on the FST role here.)
What are the two water sources and examples of each?
1. Surface Water - .. include rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, seas, and oceans. 2. Ground Water - .. include existing wells and springs and wells constructed by military engineers or local contractors.
What does an FST consist of and where are they assigned?
1. The unit field sanitation teams consist of one noncommissioned officer and one enlisted Soldier. In units with organic medical personnel, the noncommissioned officer should be a medical noncommissioned officer. 2. Unit field sanitation teams are employed within company-, battery-, and similar-sized units while deployed or when operating in the field for extended periods of time
What is the procedure for using the Phenylenediamine Sulfate test kit? (5 Sections)
1. Thoroughly wash hands before testing. 2. Flush water through the taps of the trailer for several seconds before filling the color comparator tube to a point just below the top of the tube. 3. Place one chlorine test tablet in the comparator and allow it to dissolve. 4. Hold the color comparator at eye level and toward a good light source. 5. Compare the color of the water with the color disc on the opposite side of the color comparator. The water is safe to use if the color of the water is the same shade or darker than the required color for the chlorine residual. The water must be chlorinated if the color is lighter than the required residual.
What is the procedure for using chlorine residual test strips? (4 Sections)
1. Thoroughly wash hands before testing. 2. Flush water through the taps of the trailer for several seconds before wetting the test strip. 3. After wetting the test strip, carefully monitor the color changes of the strip. 4. Compare the color of the free chlorine pads on the test strip to the color chart on the bottle. Estimate the results when the color of the free chlorine pads on the test strip falls between two of the color blocks on the chart then record and report the chlorine residual as required.
How can you protect yourself from injuries caused by inhaling bore/gun gases? (3 Sections)
1. Use onboard vehicle ventilation systems. 2. Keep bore evacuator well maintained. 3. Try to keep some air movement in gun emplacements.
How can you avoid potential cold injury? (15 Sections, with redundancies. You'll want to refer to the book after finishing this question.)
1. Wear clothing as directed by commanders and leaders. 2. Wear clothing in loose layers (top and bottom). Avoid tight clothing, including tight underwear. 3. Keep clothing clean and dry. 4. Remove or loosen excess clothing when working or in heated areas to prevent sweating. 5. Wear headgear to prevent body heat loss. The body loses large amounts of heat through the head. 6. Change wet/damp clothes as soon as possible. 7. Keep the body warm by continuing to move, if possible. 8. Exercise large muscle groups (arms, shoulders, trunk, and legs) frequently to keep warm. 9. If Soldiers must remain in a small area, exercise the toes, feet, fingers, and hands 10. Avoid using alcohol as it makes the body lose heat faster. 11. Avoid standing directly on cold, wet ground, when possible. 12. Avoid tobacco products. (Good luck with that one) Using tobacco products decreases blood flow to the skin. 13. Eat all meals to maintain energy 14. Drink plenty of water and/or warm nonalcoholic fluids. 15. Buddies should monitor each other for cold-weather injury. (I would recommend referring to ATP 4-25.12 "Unit Field Sanitation Team" Chapter 2-8, as there is much more in-depth on keeping parts of the body warm.)
How should food containers be labeled?
4-28 Label each food container after it is filled. A good label can be made by placing a strip of masking tape across the top of the container lid. Write the menu item, the number of servings, the date, the time the item was placed in the container, and consume by or discard (fill in the time, the entry should state the time 4 hours after the container was filled) on the tape. 4-29 If the food is transported to other sites, use a code letter or color to identify each site. Make sure that each site has a complete menu. Write the menu items, the number of servings, the date and time prepared.
What is a disease and nonbattle injury (DNBI)?
A disease and non-battle injury casualty is defined as a Soldier who is lost to an organization by reason of disease or injury and who is not a battle casualty.
What are protozoan infections? Know the different types listed. (5 Sections)
A protozoan infection is a condition which is characterized by an infection caused by protozoans. 1. AMEBIASIS 2. CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS 3. GIARDIASIS 4. SCHISTOSOMIASIS 5. SCHISTOSOME DERMATITIS
What are viral infections? Know the different types listed. (2 Sections)
A viral infection is caused by a virus and is often the cause of minor illness, such as a cold or the stomach flu. 1. HEPATITIS 2. NOROVIRUS
What are bacterial infections? Know the different types listed. (10 Sections)
Bacteria are microscopic life forms. They are single-celled, often parasitic microorganisms without distinct nuclei or organized cell structures. Various species are responsible for decay, fermentation, nitrogen fixation, and many plant and animal diseases. 1. CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS 2. TRAVELERS' DIARRHEA 3. CHOLERA 4. ESCHERICHIA COLI (E. COLI) 5. LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE 6. LEPTOSPIROSIS 7. METABOLITES OF CYANOBACTERIA 8. SALMONELLOSIS 9. TYPHOID 10. SHIGELLOSIS
How do FSTs assist commanders in preventive foodborne illnesses?
By inspecting - 1. Unit-level food handling personnel and facilities to ensure a high level of personal hygiene, cleanliness, and sanitation. 2. Procedures for food being transported to remote feeding sites. 3. Unit feeding sites for safe recommended distances in relation to waste disposal sites and latrine facilities. 4. Placement and maintenance of handwashing/sanitizing facilities
What is wastewater? What are the disposal methods?
Roughly 80 percent of all water used for purposes other than human consumption ends up as wastewater which requires treatment and disposal. The volume of wastewater alone presents a significant challenge, and depending on the source, it may contain suspended solids, organic material, biological organisms, and toxic chemicals that will require treatment prior to disposal. Traditional field expedient methods for disposal of gray water include soakage pits, soakage trenches, and evaporation beds.
What are considerations that need to be taken to transport meals?
The vehicles used to transport food to field feeding sites shall be clean, covered, and used exclusively for transporting food. Should the need arise to use multipurpose vehicles (normally used to transport personnel, equipment, supplies, and other items) to transport food, the vehicle must- 1. Be completely washed with soapy water and rinsed to remove dirt, debris, and fuel, oil, or chemical residues. 2. The vehicle shall be allowed to air dry prior to transporting food. 3. Food containers, packages of single-use items, and utensils shall be placed on clean, dry pallets or other dunnage to prevent direct contact with the vehicle floor. 4. Food may not be transported with bulk fuel or chemicals. Transport of food with equipment and nonchemical supplies may be approved by preventive medicine personnel if required by the tactical situation and there is little or no risk of food contamination or adulteration. Unit field sanitation team members must ensure that foods transported to that location arrive within prescribed time frames and temperatures ranges for hot and cold foods before they can be safely consumed.
What are the two types of noise?
There are two types of noise—steady noise and impulse noise.
Understand the Table 6-1 for diseases associated with rodents.
This one was a five page chart. Check the ATP for Field Sanitation linked above, Chapter 6-2.
Understand the Table 6-2 pertaining to arthropods of military importance and the major diseases they transmit.
This one was a three-page chart. Refer to the field sanitation manual, page 6-15.
How can you protect yourself from injuries caused by carbon monoxide? (4 Sections)
To avoid carbon monoxide poisoning - 1. Run engines outdoors or with vehicle bay/shop exhaust ventilation systems as the primary system with the secondary system being shop doors and windows open. 2. Keep sleeping area windows slightly open for ventilation and air movement. 3. DO NOT sleep in vehicles with the engine running or use engine exhaust for heat. 4. DO NOT park vehicles near air intakes to tents, trailers, or environmental control units
What is the responsibility of the FST in regards to water supplies? (9 Sections)
Unit field sanitation teams are responsible for ensuring that unit bulk water supplies are always safe for consumption. 1. Ensuring chlorine residuals in unit water supplies are checked by the FST twice daily and when refilled, arrival of new water supplies, and when directed to do so. 2. Maintaining minimum one part per million/ 0.1mg per liter at point of consumption 3. Maintaining water storage equipment quarterly in garrison, prior to deployment, and before refilled. 4. Ensuring adequate stocks of materials to provide and maintain potable water (Iodine tablets, chlorination kids) 5. Moving water trailers and containers to prevent temperature extremes 6. Ensuring individual soldiers preform sanitary measures for self and unit bulk water supplies 7. Inspecting company dining facility sanitation, field waste disposal,and personal hygiene 8. Contacting preventative medicine assistance to correct or control field water problems that are beyond the capability of unit FSTs 9. Preventing pooling of water at water fill points
What is the role of FSTs in regards to waste management?
Unit field sanitation teams provide — 1. Awareness training on the dangers associated with the handling of hazardous waste materials. 2. Monitoring of company- or unit-level waste management programs and facilities. 3. Training Soldiers on the appropriate use of personal protective equipment that must be used during waste management operations. Unit field sanitation teams also assist the unit commander in conducting inspections of waste management practices and provide supervision of— 1. The construction and maintenance of human waste disposal facilities. 2. The construction and maintenance of garbage and soakage pits. (Note. Unit field sanitation team members are only responsible for advising leadership on sanitation matters and supervising the construction and maintenance of sanitation facilities. The actual construction and maintenance is to be performed by detailed Soldiers.)
What is water treatment and purification?
Water treatment and purification is the combination of one or more processes employed to improve the quality of water. Treatment involves removing suspended and dissolved contaminants and killing or inactivating microorganisms, usually with the goal of making the water potable and palatable.
Understand the process for determining chlorine residual.
When a unit draws bulk water supplies, the unit field sanitation teams are required to initially test for chlorine residuals and then monitor the chlorine residuals of unit bulk water supplies as directed. .. field sanitation teams have two types of test kits which they can use. They are chlorine residual test strips (most commonly found), and N, N-Diethyl-1, 4 Phenylenediamine Sulfate test kit.
What are considerations to take when packing personal hygiene supplies?
When preparing for the field or extended deployments, Soldiers should consider packing a two month's supply of standard toiletry articles that can last until sustainment of these items is assured.