Eicosanoids and Melatonin

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How does circadian rhythm relate to melatonin?

-it is controlled by endogenous pacemaker in suprachiosmatic nucle -environmental lighting alters time of circadian rhythem of melatonin secretion -melatonin secretion starts after darkness and peaks at 2-4 am then decreases

What biological functions can be affected by melatonin?

-sleep (affects speed of falling asleep and quality of sleep) -cardiac rhythm -mood sexual maturation and reproduction (changes in hours of darkness/season linked to repro activity -may affect puberty, sex steroid production and ovarian function -cancer -immune response -aging

What is melatonin's veterinary imporance?

-use in dogs with Alopecia X -decreases anxiety and seizure activity -sedation in-coordination in short term side effects

Prostanoids derived from AA have how many double bonds?

2

Prostanoids derived from EPA have how many double bonds?

3

Leukotrienes derived from AA have how many double bonds?

4

Leukotrienes derived from EPAs have how many double bonds?

5

A subscript after the name of an eicosanoids denotes what?

The number of double bonds it has

Some functions of Prostanoids are what?

autocrine, paracrine, mediated by specific receptors, mediate inflammation and other physiological actions

What stimulates melatonin production and how?

darkness -retinal photoreceptors release NE activating receptors in the pineal gland which stimulates conversion of serotonin to melatonin

Eicosanoids

group of signaling molecules made by the oxidation of 20 carbon EFAs

Paracrine

hormone acts on a nearby cell

Aracidonic Acid is involved in what cellular functions?

inflammation, immunity, CNS

Omega 3 EFAs

less inflammatory

What inhibits melatonin and how?

light -retinal photoreceptor cells are hyperpolarized which inhibits NE release

Autocrine

local hormones that act on the same cell that secretes them

How does melatonin affect tumor growth?

melatonin inhibits tumorigenesisa caused by carcinogens

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)

omega 3 FA with 5 double bonds

Aracidonic Acid (AA)

omega 6 FA with 4 double bonds

Omega 6 EFAs

pro inflammatory

Anatomical source of melatonin

produced by the pineal gland in center of brain behind 3rd ventricle

What subclasses fall within Postanoids?

prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and thromboxanes

Prostanoids

released and oxygenated by "cyclo-oxygenase" -subclasses are prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and thromboxanes

Leukotrienes

released and oxygenated by "lipo-oxygenase"

PGE3 function

smooth muscle contraction, bronchoconstriction, pain, heat, and fever

Darkness has what effect on melatonin?

stimulates it

PGF Alpha function

uterine contraction

TXA2 function

vasoconstriction, stimulates platelet aggregation

PGI2 function

vasodilation, inhibits platelet aggregation


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