EIP Midterm
Levels of Evidence: Level 2
Evidence obtained from at least one well designed RCT (eg large multi-site RCT).
Process of EBP
5 steps: 1. Answerable Question 2. Find Evidence 3. Appraise Evidence 4. Integrate appraisal & evidence 5. Evaluate Steps
Evidence-based practice consists of the following: Current best evidence Patient/client values Clinician expertise All of the above
All of the above
In APA citation style/format, how should references be organized in the reference list?: In the order in which the references appear in the paper or published work Alphabetically by authors' last names Chronologically by date of publication
Alphabetically by authors' last names
Levels of Evidence: Level 6
Evidence from a single descriptive or qualitative study.
Levels of Evidence: Level 1
Evidence from a systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant RCTs (randomized controlled trial) or evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews of RCTs or 3 or more RCTs of good quality that have similar results.
Levels of Evidence: Level 5
Evidence from systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies (meta-synthesis).
Levels of Evidence: Level 7
Evidence from the opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees.
Levels of Evidence: Level 4
Evidence from well-designed case-control or cohort studies.
Levels of Evidence: Level 3
Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization (ie quasi-experimental).
Evidence-based practice does not take into account the experience of the clinician.
False
Evidence-based practice rejects any evidence that is not a randomized controlled trial?
False
Expert opinions are considered a high level of evidence?
False
You should spend hours searching the literature for pieces of evidence "gold".
False
Steps to analyzing a research article
Identify the Conclusions Determine the Purpose and Rationale Understand Methods and Materials Understand Results and Data Analysis Interpret Outcomes and Draw Conclusions
IPP is seen as a means of
Improving the client/patient/student experience of care
Prior to evidence-based medicine/practice, physicians made medical decisions based on: Intuition Only randomized clinical control trials What a patient requested Recommendations from pharmaceutical companies
Intuition
PICO Meaning
Patient Intervention Comparison intervention Outcome
If you have a choice between a treatment that has no evidence and one that has been proven to work, which one would be considered evidence-based practice? Proven intervention No evidence on an intervention
Proven intervention
Which step in the process for reading and analyzing a research article is detailed below? "Read the article's title, abstract and discussion sections to understand the basic conclusions of the study. Then determine, based on the conclusions, if this study is relevant and appropriate for a more thorough review." Step 1 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
Step 1
Level of Evidence 5-8
Systematic review of case control studies Individual case control studies Case series, case reports Expert opinions, editorials
Level of Evidence 1-4 (highest to low)
Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials Systematic review of cohort studies Individual cohort studies Individual randomized controlled trials
PICO process
used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question
What is academic integrity?
you give credit to the words and the ideas of the authors' works that you have read and cited.
One way to focus your approach to searching the literature is by asking a question using PICO to find relevant research.
True
The highest level of evidence is systematic reviews.
True
You will be able to do a critical appraisal of the literature by the end of this course
True
"A really great way to understand a research article isn't to read it from beginning to end, that's a total example of an incredible waste of time." This statement is a poor example of scholarly writing due to: Lack of conciseness and clarity Use of poor grammar Use of contractions and colloquialisms Overuse of passive voice vs. active voice
Use of contractions and colloquialisms
"The introduction section of research articles provide a stated purpose about the study and what there reasons are to perform the study for." This statement is a poor example of scholarly writing due to: Lack of conciseness and clarity Use of poor grammar Use of contractions and colloquialisms Overuse of passive voice vs. active voice
Use of poor grammar
In Step 5 of reading and analyzing a research article you are to interpret outcomes and draw conclusions. During this step you are answering all of the following questions EXCEPT: What are the variables that are being measured? Do you accept/agree with the conclusions? Are the study results useful in clinical practice? What are the potential benefits and risks of implementing the findings of this study into practice?
What are the variables that are being measured?
Types of Plagiarism
Word for word (direct quotes) Paraphrasing Plagiarism
Academic Integrity is NOT...
copying from another's test or homework using notes, books, or outside websites when taking a test without your professor's permission sharing test questions or examples of exam practicals with others (Even if you are just trying to be helpful, this is dishonest behavior!) collaborating on assignments or take-home tests without your professor's permission allowing others to copy from your tests, homework, or assignments taking credit for the ideas and words of another
Interprofessional Education (IPE)
demonstrated "when students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other" as a precursor to collaboration.
3 types of nonprobability sampling
purposeful sampling convenience sampling snowball sampling
4 types of probability sampling
simple random sampling systematic sampling stratified sampling cluster sampling
Interprofessional practice
the act of collaborative ready members of a health care team along with families, caregivers and communities working together to strengthen health systems and to improve outcomes
EBP
the conscious use of current best evidence to answer a clinical question - to guide our decisions about how to treat clients and to assist us in selecting materials that will improve client skills.
Occupational Therapy
•Holistic approach to life activities •Daily tasks •Mental health •Driving rehab •Low vision •Sensory issues
Physical Therapy
•Movement-based groups (sports teams, dance troupes, athletes) •Animal rehabilitation •Manual therapy •Principles of exercise •Digestion •Cardiovascular and pulmonary •Specific interventions for movement
Speech-Language Pathology
•Swallowing •Communication •Literacy •Fluency •Voice/Resonance •Language •Motor speech •Augmentative and alternative communication •Aural rehab •Phonology and articulation
