EMT Chapter 12

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct? A. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system B. Compared to enternal medications, parenternal medications have fewer side effects C. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications

A

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should: A. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital. B. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal. C. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient. D. place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route.

A

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. On exam you hear diffuse wheezing, and she is clearly having difficulty breathing. Her blood pressure is 138/74 and heart rate is 98/min. Medical control authorizes you to assist with her auto-injector. Which of the following therapeutic effects are you hoping to achieve by administering this medication? A. Dilate the patient's airways B. Decrease the patient's anxiety and agitation C. Increase the patient's blood pressure D. Increase the patient's heart rate

A

You respond to a call where a frantic mother reports that her 4-year-old was stung by a bee and is now having trouble breathing because his throat is swelling. Based on the most likely condition this patient has, the medication that will be most helpful would be administered by what route? A. Intramuscular B.. Sublingual C. Intravenous D. Subcutaneous

A

A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should: A. transport her at once and wait at least 20 minutes before you consider assisting her with a third dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin. B. recall that geriatric patients often take multiple medications and that interactions can occur with potentially negative effects. C. assist her in taking one more of her nitroglycerin tablets, reassess her blood pressure, and contact medical control for further instructions. D. give her high-flow oxygen, avoid giving her any more nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure, and transport.

B

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication: A. acetaminophen B. ibuprofen C. nitrostat D. aspirin

B

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): A. unpredictable effect B. adverse effect C. therapeutic effect D. untoward effect

B

EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that: A. naloxone should be administered in increments of 2 mg B. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient C. the effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs D. naloxone should not be given if the patient's breathing is slow

B

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT? A. Orally B. Sublingually C. Inhaled D. Injected

B

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain: A. constricts the veins throughout the body B. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries C. increases myocardial contraction force D. increases blood return to the right atrium

B

Separation is especially an issue with medicine used as a(n): A. gel B. suspension C. elixir D. solution

B

What medication form does oral glucose come in? A. Liquid B. Gel C. Suspension D. Fine powder

B

When gathering a patient's medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix, Nexium, and digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over-the-counter (OTC)? A. Lasix B. Nexium C. Digoxin D. Isordil

B

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error? A. The EMT administers that is contraindicated for the patient B. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director C. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated D. The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route

B

Which of the following is an example of a trade (brand) name of a drug? A. Furosemide B. Tylenol C. Ibuprofen D. Nitroglycerin

B

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to: A. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure B. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect C. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place D. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose

B

You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should: A. assist the patient in taking one of his prescribed nitroglycerins, assess his vital signs, and give him aspirin if he is still experiencing chest discomfort B. confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given C. ensure that the patient's systolic blood pressure is at least 100 mm Hg because aspirin dilates the blood vessels and can cause a drop in blood pressure. D. contact medical control, apprise him or her of the patient's chief complaint and vital signs, and request permission to give him aspirin.

B

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen, if needed, and contacting medical control, you should: A. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit B. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure C. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg D. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours

C

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): A. side effect B. untoward effect C. adverse effect D. therapeutic effect

C

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: A. the patient is currently experiencing hypotension B. transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes C. authorization from medical control has been obtained D. the patient is believed to be experiencing an acute stroke

C

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: A. dissolves the coronary artery clot B. reduces the associated chest pain C. prevents the aggregation of platelets D. causes direct coronary vasodilation

C

EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down." A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient: A. has a history of allergic reactions B. experienced a prolonged seizure C. overdosed on an opioid drug D. has a low blood glucose level

C

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should: A. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure B. transport her in a sitting position C. place her in a supine position D. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask

C

The _____ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered A. name B. class C. form D. type

C

The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called: A. adsorption B. digestion C. absorption D. suspension

C

Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route? A. Intramuscular (M) B. Sublingual (SL) C. Intravenous (IV) D. Subcutaneous (SC)

C

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or fentanyl patch? A. Sublingual B. Subcutaneous C. Transcutaneous D. Intraosseous

C

Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption? A. Rectal B. Sublingual C. Oral D. Inhalation

C

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient with intravenous access cannot be obtained? A. Intramuscular B. Transcutaneous C. Intraosseous D. Subcutaneous

C

Which of the following statements regarding the epineprhine auto-injector is correct? A. The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route B. EMTs do not need physician authorization to use the auto-injector C. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug D. The adult auto-injector delivers 0.5 to 1 mg of epinephrine

C

Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct? A. MDIs are most commonly used by patients with cardiovascular disease B. Shaking an MDI prior to use will cause deactivation of the medication C. An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used D. MDIs are contraindicated for patients with asthma or emphysema

C

With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _____ oxygen A. 34% B. 14 % C. 44% D. 24%

C

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control? A. Begin immediate transport and request an intercept with a paramedic ambulance B. Administer her epinephrine, reassess her condition, and transport her promptly C. Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route D. Give her half the dose of her epinephrine in case her allergic reaction is delayed

C

A 62-year-old male presents with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroyglycerin, but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen, if needed, and contacting medical control, what should you do? A. Administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours B. Administer up to three doses of nitroyglycerin before assessing his blood pressure C. Begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit D. Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

D

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it: A. is used to treat a specific medical condition B. is used to treat a multitude of conditions C. produces actions other than the desired ones D. may cause harm or has no positive effect

D

For which of the following conditions is albuterol prescribed? A. Hypertension B. Allergic reactions C. Heart disease D. Asthma

D

Insulin is administered by which route? A. Sublingual B. Intramuscular C. Intravenous D. Subcutaneous

D

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication: A. below the first layer of muscle B. through the mucosa under the tongue C. directly into the muscle tissue D. between the skin and the muscle

D

The medical term for a low blood glucose level is: A. hypertension B. hypotension C. hyperglycemia D. hypoglycemia

D

To reverse the effects of a narcotic overdose you should administer: A. Advil B. EpiPen C. Tylenol D. Narcan

D

When administering naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer: A. a maximum of 0.5 mL B. a minimum of 2.5 mg C. at least 2 mL into each nostril D. a half dose into each nostril

D

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of: A. bacterial infection B. reactive airway disease C. non-insulin-dependent diabetes D. cardiovascular disease

D

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan) in a suspected narcotic overdose? A. Hypertension B. Tachycardia C. Extreme agitation D. Slow respirations

D

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient? A. A patient with stable vital signs B. An alert adult patient C. A patient with an altered level of consciousness D. Approval from medical direction

D

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? A. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route B. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic C. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream D. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the cells

D

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After confirming the drug's name and expiration date, you should: A. request an ALS ambulance to administer the drug B. administer the drug C. ask her if she takes other medications D. contact medical control

D

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that: A. blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them B. stimulates receptor sites and allows other chemicals to attach to them C. produces a cumulative effect when mixed with the same type of medication D. enhances the effects of another medication when given in a higher dose

A

A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: A. intranasal route B. sublingual route C. inhalation route D. transdermal route

A

An example of an anti-inflammatory is: A. Aspirin B. Narcan C. Nitroglycerin D. Oxygen

A

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: A. prevents the aggregation of platelets B. causes direct coronary vasodilation C. reduces the associated chest pain D. dissolves the coronary artery clot

A

In _____ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner A. peer-assisted B. paramedic-adminstered C. patient-assisted D. EMT-administered

A

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called A. capsules B. pills C. caplets D. tablets

A

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old male with his prescribed nitroglycerin, he begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in his systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious, and his breathing is adequate. This was most likely caused by the patient previously taking which of the following medications? A. Sildenafil B. Albuterol C. Diphenhydramine D. Aspirin

A

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as: A. the study of drugs and their actions on the body B. the study of drug excretion from the human body C. the study of drugs that are produced illegally D. the study of how medications affect the brain

A

A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglucerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should: A. ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours B. administer one nitroglycerin and call medical control C. obtain physician approval to give the nitroglycerin D. place him in a supine position and transport at once

A

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine? A. Decreases heart rate and blood pressure B. Dilates passages in the lungs C. Constricts the blood vessels D. Secreted naturally by the adrenal glands

A

Which of the following is an example of a generic of a drug? A. Aspirin B. Advil C. Excedrin D. Bayer

A

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error? A. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director B. The EMT administers the correct drug but gives it by the wrong route C. The EMT administers a drug that is contradicted for the patient D. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated

A

Which of the following is not a characteristic of epinephrine? A. It decreases heart rate and blood pressure B. It constricts the blood vessels C. It is secreted naturally by the adrenal glands D. It dilates passages in the lungs

A

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed metered-dose inhaler, what should you do? A. Contact medical control and tell them what you did B. Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication C. Administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress D. Check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current

B

A 31-year-old female is experiencing in an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: A. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did B. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication C. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress D. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current

B