EMT - Chapter 20 Immunologic Emergencies.

Anaphylaxis caused by stinging insects is typically an allergic reaction to ___ rather than the bite or sting itself.

Injected poison; irritating toxin; deadly venom.

Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?

The environment in which the patient is found.

The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers _ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers _ mg.

0.3; 0.15.

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within ____ following administration.

1 minute.

At the site of the injury, signs and symptoms of an animal or insect bite or sting may include pain, localized heat, and a wheal, which appears as _____.

A raised, well-defined area of the skin.

A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:

Administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.

A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept.

Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following?

Apply high-flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature.

Patients may experience allergic reactions to which of the following substances?

Food and medications; Insect or animal bites and stings; Plant material.

Urticaria is the medical term for:

Hives.

Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

Extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems.

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old woman with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

Monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.

When a foreign substance invades the body, the body will ____.

Protect itself; go on alert; attempt to inactivate the foreign substance.

When an allergic reaction proceeds to life-threatening anaphylaxis, it will usually do so _____.

Quickly, within 30 minutes.

The stinger from a honeybee should be:

Scraped away from the skin.

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

Stridor.

Epinephrine stimulates the _ response, increasing blood pressure and relieving bronchospasm.

Sympathetic.

Which of the following signs/symptoms are indicative of respiratory involvement of an allergic reaction?

Tightness in the chest or throat.

The goal of invaders such as bacteria and viruses is to _____.

Use a human body as a home.