EMT Chapter 21-Anaphylactic Reactions

A common substance that causes an anaphylactoid reaction is:

a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

Anaphylaxis can be mistaken for other conditions with similar signs and symptoms, such as:

an anxiety attack

Histamine release causes:

bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and increased capillary membrane permeability.

En route to the hospital, Caitlin develops breathing that sounds noisy, with a rattling sound on inspiration and exhalation. These sounds are probably caused by:

excessive mucus in the lower airways.

Instead of cutting Mr. Kendrick's pants to administer the epinephrine, the EMT could have administered the epinephrine into:

his thigh through his pants.

Anaphylaxis is a condition that:

may make positive pressure ventilation of the patient difficult.

The most common cause of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis is:

medications

Mr. Kendrick complains of a severe headache and nausea after taking epinephrine. This finding is most likely to indicate:

normal side effect of the epinephrine.

The two key categories of signs and symptoms that specifically indicate anaphylaxis are:

respiratory compromise and shock.

The criteria that must be met before an EMT can administer epinephrine by auto-injector to a patient are (1) _____ , (2) the medication has been prescribed to the patient, and (3) the EMT has received an order from medical direction.

respiratory distress and/or hypotension

Hives may be present all over the skin in a patient experiencing an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis. Hives are usually accompanied by:

severe itching

When assessing respiratory sounds, stridor or crowing indicates:

significant swelling to the upper airway, requiring positive pressure ventilation.

In an anaphylactoid reaction:

the patient will not have experienced a previous exposure to an antigen.

You respond to a call for a patient who was stung by a bee. The patient's family reports that the patient is allergic to bee stings. As you approach the patient you note that the face, neck, tongue, and lips are swollen. Given this information, you know it is most likely that:

the upper airway is also likely to be swollen

Most anaphylactic reactions are apparent within _____ minute(s) after exposure.

20

Which of the following is a route by which an allergen may enter the body?

Contact

You are providing positive pressure ventilation to an anaphylaxis patient who is breathing inadequately. The bag-valve-mask device's pop-offvalve releases air with each squeeze of the bag. What is the best action to take?

Deactivate the valve or place your thumb over it, and continue with ventilations.