Endocrine & Thyroid Meds
A client, being evaluated for diabetes, asks how a blood glucose test is used to diagnosis this disease. What is the nurse's best response?
"A fasting blood sugar result of 126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or more on two separate occasions is diagnostic of diabetes."
A nurse is providing client education to a 13-year-old girl who was just diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client will alert the nurse that special instructions regarding insulin are necessary?
"I am on the middle school track team."
A 59-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. When the client returns to the clinic, he reports that he has lost 8 pounds in a month. How should the nurse respond?
"Please continue taking the medication and monitoring your weight. This is an expected outcome of this drug therapy."
A client with type 1 diabetes has been prescribed 12 units of regular insulin and 34 units of NPH insulin in the morning. How should the nurse explain why two different types of insulin are required to control the client's blood glucose?
"The different onsets and peaks of the two types provide better overall glucose control."
Insulin retains potency up to _____ days at room temperature
28
For congenital hypothyroidism, drug therapy should be started within _____ weeks of birth and continued for life
6
A client with symptomatic hyperthyroidism is prescribed propranolol. Which clinical manifestation would the nurse identify that indicates the medication is having the desired effect?
A heart rate of 72 beats/min
A client receives a dose of insulin lispro at 8 AM. The nurse would be alert for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia at which time?
Between 8:30 AM and 9:30 AM
What outcome would best indicate the nurse's teaching of a client newly diagnosed with diabetes was effective and that drug therapy is appropriate?
Blood glucose level is stable with no diabetic complications.
The nurse is preparing to administer a mixture of 12 units regular insulin and 45 units NPH insulin to a client with a blood sugar of 378 mg/dL. After the nurse draws the medication into the syringe, what is the nurse's next action?
Check the dosage with another nurse.
A client diagnosed with hypothyroidism admits knowing the term "thyroid gland" but not knowing its function. The nurse should explain the fact that thyroid hormone is responsible for which action?
Controlling the rate of cell metabolism throughout the body
As the nurse caring for a young child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (IDDM), you know that they become at high risk for what and you include assessment and management of this in their care plan?
Delayed growth and development
A nurse should recognize that a client taking antithyroid medication may be developing thyrotoxicosis if the client exhibits which of the following symptoms?
Extreme tachycardia
A nurse is caring for a patient who has developed a hypoglycemic reaction. Which intervention should the nurse perform if swallowing and gag reflexes are present in the patient?
Give oral fluids or candy.
Which is the best indicator of overall diabetic control?
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels
The nurse is assessing a client who has been receiving therapy with levothyroxine. What findings would suggest to the nurse that a client may be experiencing an adverse effect?
Hyperactivity and insomnia
The nurse is providing education to a client newly prescribed propylthiouracil. What information should the nurse provide about the drug's primary mode of action?
Inhibits production of thyroid hormone
A female client is prescribed metformin to decrease her blood glucose levels associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. Which statement accurately describes the action of metformin?
It decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity.
A client diagnosed with hyperthyroidism is unsure about the need for the prescribed propranolol, stating, "I looked this up online and it's for high blood pressure, not thyroid problems." What statement concerning beta-adrenergic blockers should the nurse use as a basis for the response?
It will block stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
The nurse admits a client with type 2 diabetes who takes metformin (Glucophage).The nursing diagnosis given is ineffective breathing pattern. What complication of the client's current drug therapy does the nurse believe the client is experiencing?
Lactic acidosis
A client has refused a scheduled dose of metformin, stating that he/she is worried about inducing hypoglycemia because his/her blood glucose level is currently 66 mg/dL (3.66 mmol/L). The nurse should convey what teaching points to the client?
Metformin does not cause hypoglycemia.
A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes suddenly reports feeling weak, shaky, and dizzy. What should be the nurse's initial response?
Perform a blood sugar analysis.
Thioamide antithyroid drugs treat hyperthyroidism by inhibiting the synthesis of thyroid hormone. What is the prototype of the thioamide anti-thyroid drugs?
Propylthiouracil
A nurse is working with a newly diagnosed diabetic client on understanding hypoglycemia and insulin reactions. Which action would be most important for the client to understand when planning the response to an insulin reaction?
Take an oral dose of some form of glucose as soon as possible.
A client diagnosed with type 2 diabetes several months ago has presented for a scheduled follow-up appointment. Which stated behavior most clearly indicates that the client has established effective health maintenance?
The client frequently checks blood glucose levels.
A client has not had anything to eat or drink within the past 12 hours and has a fasting blood glucose level of 125 mg/dL. What does the nurse interpret these findings to indicate?
The client has an impaired fasting blood glucose level.
Clients taking the antidysrhythmic drug _____ for atrial fibrillation can develop thyroid dysfunctions
amiodarone
Most early symptoms of type 2 diabetes result from disordered _______ metabolism, which causes glucose to accumulate in the blood.
carbohydrate
The goal of treatment with thyroid drugs is to restore the person to a _____ state with normal metabolism
euthyroid
Propranolol is an antithyroid drug used to affect thyroid function and hormone secretion (T/F)
false
Propylthiouracil (PTU) may be given preoperatively to the client scheduled to have a thyroidectomy (T/F)
false
Sulfonylureas lower blood glucose by decreasing secretion of insulin (T/F)
false
In the kidneys, insulin is filtered by the _____ and reabsorbed by the tubules, which also degrade it
glomeruli
A man is brought to the emergency department. He is nonresponsive, and his blood glucose level is 32 mg/dL. Which would the nurse expect to be ordered?
glucagon
When reviewing the medication list of a client being seen in the clinic, the nurse notes that the client is receiving glipizide. Based on the nurse's understanding, this drug is used to treat:
hyperglycemia
The nurse educator works at the diabetes clinic. When talking to a class of adolescent diabetics, the educator tells the students that the most recognized signs of diabetes are:
hyperglycemia and glycosuria.
A disadvantage of radioactive iodine is _____ , which usually develops within a few months and requires lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy.=
hypothyroidism
IV infusion of _____ and dextrose will cause potassium to move from the blood into the cells
insulin
_____ coma is a severe, life-threatening hypothyroidism characterized by coma, hypothermia, cardiovascular collapse, and hypoventilation
myxedema
The nurse is caring for a client who is seeking care for a chronic condition. The nurse is aware that the FDA has issued a black box warning regarding the use of thyroid hormones for the treatment of what condition?
obesity
Insulin cannot be given orally because it is a protein that is destroyed by _____ enzymes in the GI tract
proteolytic
When learning about thyroid hormones in pharmacology, the nursing students learn that when the thyroid gland is stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin or TSH) from the anterior pituitary gland, thyroid hormones are:
released into the bloodstream
A client exhibits severe tachycardia, fever, dehydration, and heart failure. The nurse recognizes that these signs are consistent with what thyroid-associated health condition?
thyroid storm
A person with a fasting blood glucose level between 100 and 125 mg/dL is said to have prediabetesn (T/F)
true
Beta-adrenergic blockers such as propranolol are given to control symptoms of hyperthyroidism (T/F)
true
Clients being treated with thyroid replacement therapy may develop bradycardia (T/F)
true
Grave's disease is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease that results in hypothyroidism (T/F)
true
Insulin is the only effective drug treatment for type 1 diabetes (T/F)
true
Mild hyperglycemia is considered safer for the client during the perioperative stage than hypoglycemia (T/F)
true
Regular insulin (insulin injection) is the insulin of choice for DKA (T/F)
true
